Influence of Certain Animal Manures on Nematode Community in Mandarin Orchards Citrus reticulata (Blanco) in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt (original) (raw)
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A field treatment was conducted to evaluate the nematicidal activity of chicken manure and biopesticides (bio-arc , bio-zeid and nemex) viz. chemical nematicides (fydal 24 % SL , tervigo (2% SC), laguna (40% EC) and nemathorin (10% G) against plant -parasitic nematodes infecting fruit orchard located in Sharkia Governorate during 2018. Treatments of chicken manure was at the rate of 30 Kg/ tree , while that of biopesticides were applied at rate of 160 g/tree with bio-arc and bio-zeid , whereas nemex was applied at rate of 24 mL/ tree. Chemical nematicides were applied at rates of 15 mL//tree , 50 g/ tree , 24 mL/tree and 12 mL with fydal 24 % SL, tervigo , laguna and nemathorin , respectively. Samples were taken monthly during three months after application. Results indicated that of the eight tested materials, fydal was the most effective in suppressing umbers of phytonematodes followed by chicken manure while among biopesticides , bio-arc was the least effective one. After one month of application, remarkable decreased in numbers of plant-parasitic nematodes was detected. For instance, in fydal and chicken manure treatments, percentages of reduction in numbers of Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Pratylenchus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp., Hoplolaimus spp. and Helicotylenchus spp. were diminished by 49.75 %(40.92 %) ,56.97% (53.54%), 55.47% (55.83%), 50.53% (50.53%) and 52.52 % (50.42%), respectively. After two months of application, percentage of reduction was increased to reach 69.25 %(68.53%) ,81.26% (71.37%), 83.18% (80.08%), 86.92% (83.00%) and 81.77 % (61.93%), respectively for mentioned nematodes. On the other hand, after three months of application, no significant differences ( P ≤ 0.05) was noticed between fydal and chicken manure whereas, the biopesticides were the least effectiveness against plant -parasitic nematodes. Generally, results emphasized that chicken and biopesticides could be used to minimize the population density of plant-parasitic nematodes in citrus orchards.
Influence_of_Certain_Animal_Manures_on_N.docx
2018
The effects of cow, horse and turkey manures in comparison with oxamyl on phytoparasitic, free-living and predacious nematodes were verified in a mandarin orchard located at Sharkia Governorate during 2017. Treatments of cow and horse manures were at the rate of 6.4 tons/ feddan, while that of turkey manure was at the rate of 4.8 tons/ feddan. However, oxamyl 10% G was treated at the rate of 25 kg/ feddan. Samples were taken monthly during three months after application. Soil temperature and pH were measured after sampling. Results indicated that the tested manures and oxamyl significantly (P ≤ 0.05) minified numbers of phytonematodes. The best treatment (after oxamyl) was turkey manure followed by horse manure, while cow manure was the least effective one. Remarkable decrease in numbers of plant-parasitic nematodes was noticed as the time elapsed after application. For instances, in turkey manure treatment percentages reduction in numbers of Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Pratylenchus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp., and Helicotylenchus spp. after 2 and 3 months were diminished by 56.78% (75.29%), 57.66% (78.54%), 56.84% (77.95%) 56.23% and (78.28%), respectively. On the other hand, one month after application, the tested manures slightly increased numbers of free-living nematodes mainly genus Rhabditis and predacious nematodes belonging to order: Mononchida. Whereas, 2 and 3 months after application pronounced abundance of these nematodes was detected. The highest augmentation was achieved in soil amended with turkey manure. However, oxamyl decreased numbers of non-stomatostylet bearing nematodes compared to untreated trees. The tested manures raised soil temperature and altered soil pH to be alkaline. Generally, our results emphasized the significance of animal manures particularly the turkey one in suppression plant-parasitic nematodes in mandarin orchards which may be attributed to its role in increasing predacious nematodes and change soil temperature and pH. Keywords: Animal manures, control, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, mandarin, free-living nematodes, predacious nematodes, soil temperature, soil pH.
Egyptian Journal of Agronematology
A survey of nematode community in grapevine plantations grown in Belbes, Sharqia, Egypt revealed the presence of nine plant-parasitic nematodes genera namely Aphelenchus, Criconemoides, Ditylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Pratylenchus, Meloidogyne, Longidorus, Tylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus; free-living nematodes (FLNs) belonging to the genus Rhabditis and predacious nematodes (PNs) belonging to order Mononchida. Nematodes were found with a different frequency of occurrence and population density. Pratylenchus gained a high population density (PD) followed by Tylenchus, Meloidogyne and Helicotylenchus. A higher prominence value (PV) was found with genus Pratylenchus (190.75) while, the genera Meloidogyne, Tylenchorhynchus and Tylenchus were found with moderate prominence values. Animal manures are effective tools in sustainable soil health and agricultural systems. Therefore, the influence of three livestock manures as feasible practices with BECTO Grow Roots®, a commercial plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB) on nematode community and plant growth and fruit yield of grapes, Vitis vinifera L. cv. Flame was undertaken. Soil samples were collected at five-time intervals. Composted animal manures significantly (P ≤ 0.05) minified numbers of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs). The greatest effect was recorded with oxamyl after two months of treatments followed by chicken, sheep and cow manure. Conversely, at four and five months after application, animal manures were the most effective. Moreover, a noticeable abundance of FLNs and PNs numbers was detected. The highest increment was achieved in soil amended with chicken manure followed by sheep and cow manure whereas oxamyl reduced numbers of FLNs and PNs as compared with untreated vines. Application of manures against PPNs particularly M.incognita decreased numbers of J 2 /250/soil in vines amended with chicken, cow and sheep manure, respectively and increased numbers of FLNs and PNs. Population densities of M.incognita J 2 /250 g soil were significantly minimized (1.55 J 2 /250 g soil) in blocks amended with commercial rhizobacteria and chicken manure. Maximum total fruit weight and leaf numbers were achieved in vines treated with rhizobacteria +chicken, cow and sheep manure, respectively. This study proved that composted chicken, cow and sheep manure applied alone or in combination with PGPB can be a promising tool for the management of phytoparasitic nematodes, enrichment of FLNs and PNs and improvement of plant growth and grapevine yield.
Applied Soil Ecology, 2006
The impacts of two organic soil amendments on nematode abundance, community structure and soil characteristics were studied in field grown tomatoes. We hypothesized that as the raw (labile form) and composted (non-labile form) manures differ in their chemical composition and effect on microbial activity. Also they will have different effects on soil properties and directly and indirectly affect nematode community structure. Experiments were conducted during 2001-2002 in Wooster, Ohio on a silt loam soil. Treatments [raw or composted dairy cow manure in 2001 and beef calf manure in 2002, and an untreated control] were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Amendments were applied in the spring at a rate estimated to deliver 95-100 kg N ha À1 , and incorporated prior to planting. Soil samples were collected in the spring (before adding amendments) and autumn (after crop harvest) to determine nematode abundance, community structure and soil characteristics: Shannon-Weiner (H 0 ), Simpson (l), Pielou (J 0 ) and combined maturity indices were used to compare nematode community structure in amended and nonamended plots. Spring incorporation of both organic amendments increased the abundance of bacterial feeding, fungal feeding, omnivorous and predatory nematodes, but decreased plant parasitic nematode populations. Plots treated with raw manure had the lowest number of plant parasitic nematodes while increases in non-plant parasitic nematodes were similar in both treatments. Shannon diversity (H 0 ) and combined maturity ( P MI) indices of soil nematodes were reduced in plots receiving raw but not composted manure. Application of raw manure increased total organic matter, microbial biomass-N, potentially mineralizable-N and C over composted manure in 2001, while both raw and composted manure increased particulate organic matter in both years. The effect of raw and composted manure on community indices was different in 2001 and 2002. We found a strong negative relationship (r = À82, p < 0.0001) between the abundance of non-plant parasitic and plant parasitic nematodes across all treatments and sampling times, thus supporting the utility of the ratio between non-plant parasitic and plant parasitic nematodes as a useful soil quality indicator. #
1997
This report is one of a series of COESA (Canada-Ontario Environmental Sustainability Accord) reports from the Research Sub-Program of the Canada-Ontario Green Plan. The GREEN PLAN agreement, signed Sept. 21, 1992, is an equally-shared Canada-Ontario program totalling $64.2 M, to be delivered over a five-year period starting April 1, 1992 and ending March 31, 1997. It is designed to encourage and assist farmers with the implementation of appropriate farm management practices within the framework of environmentally sustainable agriculture. The Federal component will be delivered by Agriculture and Agrifood Canada and the Ontario component will be delivered by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food and Rural Assistance.
Control of plant-parasitic nematodes with organic and inorganic amendments in agricultural soil
Applied Soil Ecology, 1996
The effects of different application rates of oilcakes of neem (Azadirachta indica) and castor (Ricinus communis), composted manure and urea on plant-parasitic, predatory and free-living nematodes and growth of pigeonpea (Cajanus ca jan) in field trials were studied. Amendments to soil with these materials resulted in a significant decrease of plant-parasitic nematodes, whereas predatory and free-living nematodes increased. Neem and castor oilcakes were the most effective in reducing plant-parasitic nematodes. However, amendment to soil of composted manure and urea was found to be beneficial in increasing free-living nematodes. As a consequence of suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes, plant growth parameters improved. Increasing doses of the amendments were found to be effective in further reducing plant-parasitic nematodes and increasing predatory and free-living nematodes.
Journal of nematology, 2012
In an outside pot experiment, dry pig manure processed on pine sawdust litter and fermented for seven days by house fly larvae (fermented manure), and pine sawdust applied alone, and in combination with a spring application of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer were used to determine their effects on plant parasitic and free-living soil nematodes on sugar beets (cv. Antek). Non amended soil was used as a control. All treatments with fermented pig manure and sawdust with nitrogen fertilizer decreased number of plant parasitic nematodes and also root-fungal feeding nematodes compared to the untreated control. Sawdust applied alone had no effect on plant parasitic and root-fungal feeding nematode suppression. Free-living nematodes which were mainly bacteriovores and fungivores were significantly more abundant in soil amended with fermented pig manure, while the sawdust had no effect on these nematodes. The effect of all tested treatments on omnivores-predators was rather random, and in gene...
2020
A trial testing different regionally available organic fertilizers (vinassa, clover pellets, horn shavings, biodigestate and manure) was established in 2018 in an organic apple orchard and their effect on soil nematodes biodiversity was assessed by determining the composition of trophic groups and calculating some diversity indexes. Microbial feeding nematodes reacted rapidly to introduction of organic fertilizers due to the likely stimulation of bacteria and fungi activity. Manure induced the highest increase in bacteria feeders and Vinassa on fungal feeders and omnivores. The biodigestate promoted the plant feeders. Considering the biodiversity indexes, the greatest maturity and structure indexes were found in soil fertilized with Vinassa and biodigestate, while the lowest resulted in soil fertilized with horn shavings and manure. The different characteristics of the applied fertilizers (e.g. physical status, N mineralization rate, nutrient content, etc.) could be taken into consideration when assessing the effect on individual trophic groups of soil nematodes and on their community composition.
Influence of Farm Yard Manure on Nematode Infestation, Yield and Quality of Cucumber
Asian Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 2019
Cucumber production in Kenya is faced with a number of challenges that include nematode infestation, low yield and quality of the crop resulting into low returns. In an effort to solve some of these challenges, a study was conducted to ascertain the effects of farmyard manure on nematode infestation, yield and quality of cucumber at Rongo University School of Agriculture Research Farm from July to October 2017 and repeated from October 2017 to January 2018. Three seeds of cucumber ‘Ashley’ were sown directly in 3.5-liter plastic pots containing 8 kg of sterilized air dried growth medium made up of sand and top soil in the ratio of 1:2 respectively. The treatments were four levels of cattle manure 0 (control), 7.5, 11.3 and 15 ton/ha. Each pot was then inoculated with 5 juvenile root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp). The experiment was performed under completely randomized block design with three replications. Data was collected on yield, quality and nematode population dynamics and ...