Advances in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Based Affinity Sensors (Review) (original) (raw)
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Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2022
Recent challenges in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields require the development of new analytical methods. Therefore, the development of new sensors is a very important task. In this paper, we are outlining the development of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based sensors, which belongs to important branch of affinity sensors. In this review, recent advances in the design of MIP-based sensors are overviewed. MIPs-based sensing structures can replace expensive natural affinity compounds such as receptors or antibodies. Among many different polymers, conducting polymers show the most versatile properties, which are suitable for sensor application. Therefore, significant attention is paid towards MIPs based on conducting polymers, namely polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene), polyaniline and ortho-phenylenediamine. Moreover, many other materials, which could be imprinted analyte molecules, are overviewed. Among many conducting polymers, polypyrrole is highlighted as one of the most suitable for molecular imprinting. Some attention is dedicated to overview polymerization methods applied for the design of sensing structures used in various affinity sensors. The transduction of analytical signal is an important issue, therefore, physicochemical methods suitable for analytical signal transduction are also outlined. Advances, trends and perspectives in MIP application are discussed.
Electrochemically Deposited Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Sensors
Sensors, 2022
This review is dedicated to the development of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and the application of MIPs in sensor design. MIP-based biological recognition parts can replace receptors or antibodies, which are rather expensive. Conducting polymers show unique properties that are applicable in sensor design. Therefore, MIP-based conducting polymers, including polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polyaniline and ortho-phenylenediamine are frequently applied in sensor design. Some other materials that can be molecularly imprinted are also overviewed in this review. Among many imprintable materials conducting polymer, polypyrrole is one of the most suitable for molecular imprinting of various targets ranging from small organics up to rather large proteins. Some attention in this review is dedicated to overview methods applied to design MIP-based sensing structures. Some attention is dedicated to the physicochemical methods applied for the transduction of ...
Sensors
The accurate detection of biological materials has remained at the forefront of scientific research for decades. This includes the detection of molecules, proteins, and bacteria. Biomimetic sensors look to replicate the sensitive and selective mechanisms that are found in biological systems and incorporate these properties into functional sensing platforms. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic receptors that can form high affinity binding sites complementary to the specific analyte of interest. They utilise the shape, size, and functionality to produce sensitive and selective recognition of target analytes. One route of synthesizing MIPs is through electropolymerization, utilising predominantly constant potential methods or cyclic voltammetry. This methodology allows for the formation of a polymer directly onto the surface of a transducer. The thickness, morphology, and topography of the films can be manipulated specifically for each template. Recently, numerous revie...
Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry
With the help of molecular imprinting technology, artificial receptors can be made and used for identification. This technique's limitless application increases polymer technology and makes it adaptable to other technologies. In this study, examples of sensor applications are used to explain molecular imprinting technology (MIT) and its brief history. MIT can be used to create polymer-based artificial receptors with remarkable selectivity and affinity to detect any target molecules that can be imprinted on a polymer. A monomer is synthesized around a template molecule to create a selective cavity that serves as an artificial receptor. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) offer a wide range of uses and have recently garnered much attention. These polymers' production methods, production kinds, and molecular imprinting techniques are all thoroughly detailed. The outstanding properties of MIPs make a crucial contribution to sensor applications offering selective, fast, easy, an...
Electrochemically synthesized polymers in molecular imprinting for chemical sensing
2012
This critical review describes a class of polymers prepared by electrochemical polymerization that employs the concept of molecular imprinting for chemical sensing. The principal focus is on both conducting and nonconducting polymers prepared by electropolymerization of electroactive functional monomers, such as pristine and derivatized pyrrole, aminophenylboronic acid, thiophene, porphyrin, aniline, phenylenediamine, phenol, and thiophenol. A critical evaluation of the literature on electrosynthesized molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) applied as recognition elements of chemical sensors is presented. The aim of this review is to highlight recent achievements in analytical applications of these MIPs, including present strategies of determination of different analytes as well as identification and solutions for problems encountered.
Electrochemical Sensors Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
Electroanalysis, 2002
Over the past two decades, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have attracted broad interest from scientists engaged in sensor development. This attention can be explained by the serious potential advantages of using MIPs in place of natural receptors and enzymes such as their superior stability, low cost and easy preparation. This review encompasses recent achievements in molecular imprinting related to the area of sensor technology. Since electrochemical biosensors dominate the market and due to specific requirements of this journal, the emphasis of this review will be on the development of electrochemical MIP sensors. The problems associated with application of imprinted polymers in sensors are highlighted and possible solutions indicated. The commercial potential of MIPbased sensors is analyzed in the expectation that they can offer improved performance in the analytical market place.
Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences
Today there is growing interest in the replacement of biological receptors in biosensing systems including point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics devices due to their high price and short shelf life. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), which are wholly synthetic materials with antibody-like ability to bind and discriminate between molecules, demonstrate improved stability and reduced fabrication cost as compared with biological receptors. Here we report, for the first time, a MIP-based synthetic receptor capable of selective binding of a clinically relevant protein-the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The BDNF-MIP was generated by surface-initiated controlled/living radical photopolymerization directly on a screen-printed electrode (SPE). The resulting BDNF-MIP/SPE electrochemical sensor could detect BDNF down to 6 pg/mL in the presence of the interfering HSA protein and was capable of discriminating BDNF among its structural analogues, i.e. neurotropic factors CDNF and MANF. We believe that the presented approach for the preparation of a neurotrophic factor-selective sensor could be a promising route towards the development of innovative PoC diagnostics devices for the early-stage diagnostics and/or monitoring the therapy of neurological diseases.
New materials for electrochemical sensing IV. Molecular imprinted polymers
TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2002
Molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) have become an important tool in the preparation of artificial and robust recognition materials capable of mimicking natural systems. When compared with natural molecular recognition products, such as antibodies, MIPs bring several advantages, such as low-cost, predictable specificity, durability and mass production. An overview of the use of MIPs for the design of electrochemical sensors based on different signaltransduction schemes is presented here. The revised transduction schemes include capacitive, conductometric, voltammetric and potentiometric sensors. The coupling of MIPs with these transducers is still at an early stage.
Biosensors
Over the last decades, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have emerged as selective synthetic receptors that have a selective binding site for specific analytes/target molecules. MIPs are synthetic analogues to the natural biological antigen–antibody system. Owing to the advantages they exhibit, such as high stability, simple synthetic procedure, and cost-effectiveness, MIPs have been widely used as receptors/sensors for the detection and monitoring of a variety of analytes. Moreover, integrating electrochemical sensors with MIPs offers a promising approach and demonstrates greater potential over traditional MIPs. In this review, we have compiled the methods and techniques for the production of MIP-based electrochemical sensors along with the applications of reported MIP sensors for a variety of analytes. A comprehensive in-depth analysis of recent trends reported on picomolar (pM/10−12 M)) and beyond picomolar concentration LOD (≥pM) achieved using MIPs sensors is reported. Fina...
Imprinting Technology in Electrochemical Biomimetic Sensors
Sensors, 2017
Biosensors are a promising tool offering the possibility of low cost and fast analytical screening in point-of-care diagnostics and for on-site detection in the field. Most biosensors in routine use ensure their selectivity/specificity by including natural receptors as biorecognition element. These materials are however too expensive and hard to obtain for every biochemical molecule of interest in environmental and clinical practice. Molecularly imprinted polymers have emerged through time as an alternative to natural antibodies in biosensors. In theory, these materials are stable and robust, presenting much higher capacity to resist to harsher conditions of pH, temperature, pressure or organic solvents. In addition, these synthetic materials are much cheaper than their natural counterparts while offering equivalent affinity and sensitivity in the molecular recognition of the target analyte. Imprinting technology and biosensors have met quite recently, relying mostly on electrochemical detection and enabling a direct reading of different analytes, while promoting significant advances in various fields of use. Thus, this review encompasses such developments and describes a general overview for building promising biomimetic materials as biorecognition elements in electrochemical sensors. It includes different molecular imprinting strategies such as the choice of polymer material, imprinting methodology and assembly on the transduction platform. Their interface with the most recent nanostructured supports acting as standard conductive materials within electrochemical biomimetic sensors is pointed out.