Measurement of cephalic and facial indices among students of KUSMS (original) (raw)
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Assessment of Cephalic and Facial Indices: A proof for Ethnic and Sexual Dimorphism
Journal of Forensic Science & Criminology, 2015
Cephalofacial measurements and indices are used to estimate sex and race. The aim of this is to document the craniofacial characteristics and sex differences from cephalic index and facial index of the studied groups. Maximum head length, maximum head width, morphological facial length and morphological facial width were determined for 901 Gujarati (676 male, 225 female) and 300 Non-Gujarati (100 male, 100 female) of Gujarat, India. The standard deviation of cephalic and facial index of Gujarati is 5.3345 and 6.0040 and of Non-Gujarati is 7.3472 and 6.0525 respectively. The mean cephalic index and facial index in study were 77.20 and 75.19 respectively in Gujarati and 74.13 and 75.17 respectively in Non-Gujarati. According to the cephalic index Gujarati subjects (40.2% males, 42.7% females) mainly belongs to mesocephalic and dolicocephalic and Non-Gujarati subjects belongs to dolicocephalic (80% males) and brachycephalic (30% females). According to the total facial index both the studied groups are mainly distributed into hypereuryprosopic followed by euryprosopic types of the face.
The variation of head shapes in 18-25 years male students of district Jhalawar (Rajasthan) India
The Pharma Innovation Journal, 2018
Cephalic index and head shape are affected by geographical, gender, age and racial factors. This study carried out to determine cephalic index and head shape in male students of age group between 18 to 25 years of Jhalawar district Rajasthan State. This descriptive study was done on 100 of male students of age group between 18 to 25 years of Jhalawar district Rajasthan State.Mean and SD of cephalic index was 74.07±2.316. The head shape of 60% of individuals was dolichocephalic, 39% mesocephalic, 1% brachycephalic. Native individuals showed typical dolichocephalic. In comparing to other studies in world, we can conclude that the role of racial/ethnic factor in cephalic diameters.
Anthropometric study of facial index of medical students
Journal of Kathmandu Medical College
Background: The human facial contour has always been an interesting subject for anatomists, anthropologists, plastic surgeons and artists. The purpose of study was to create and evaluate data on face anthropometry. Objectives: To determine total facial index in medical students and to compare these with the data from other population for use in forensic, archaeological studies, anatomy and plastic surgery. Methods: This is a descriptive study. A total of one hundred and forty medical students, presently studying at Kathmandu Medical College, aged between eighteen and twenty four years were selected as the subjects for the present study. Among the one hundred and forty students, forty four were female and ninety six were male. Two measurements: morphological facial length and bizygomatic breadth were taken by using spreading calibre. Results: The mean morphological facial length was 110.7mm with a standard deviation of 5.98mm in males and 102.1mm in females. Bizygomatic breadth was 130.8 mm in males & 123.5mm in females. The facial index (mean) was 86.09 in males and 84.84 in females. The dominant type of face shape in males was mesoproscopic (48.66%) followed by euriprosopic (23%), leptoprosopic (13.33%), hypereuriprosopic (13%) & hyperleptoprosopic (2%). In females the dominant type of face was also mesoprosopic (37%) followed by hypereuriprosopic (22%), euriprosopic (20.33%), leptoprosopic (19%) and hyperleptoprosopic (1.66%). Conclusion: The dominant phenotype in the studied population was mesoprosopic. The data obtained may be useful in anthropological research, forensic, genetic research, as well as in medical clinical practice.
Singapore Medical Journal, 2013
professor of anatomy, developed the cephalic index (CI) as a method of describing head shape in 1842. The CI, which is derived by dividing maximum head breadth (eu-eu) by maximum head length (g-op) and multiplying the result by 100, gives the ratio of head breadth to head length. It is widely used not only to categorise human populations, but also to describe an individual's appearance and estimate the age of fetuses for legal and obstetrical purposes. (2) CI is also used in the investigation of normal brain development in children.
Evaluation of Face Shape in Turkish Individuals
International Journal of Morphology, 2016
The aim of this study was to determine the types of face shape in the Turkish population. Knowledge on face shape is important in anthropology and for planning medical procedures such as in aesthetic, maxillofacial and orthodontic surgery. The study group consisted of 1003 healthy subjects (470 male, 533 female) aged 18-68 years. Mean height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were 1.74 m, 78.65 Kg, 25.80±3.50 kg/m 2 and 1.62 m, 60.55 kg, 22.87±3.49 kg/m 2 in males and females, respectively. Face length (FL; the distance from nasion to gnathion) and face width (FW; bizygomatic breadth) were measured, from which a Prosopic Index (PI) was determined using the following formula: (PI= FL/FW x 100). The types of face shape were classified according to Banister's classification Type I (hypereuryprosopic), Type II (euryprosopic), Type III (mesoprosopic), Type IV (leptoprosopic), Type V (hyperleptoprosopic) in both males and females.
Effect of craniofacial measures on the cephalic index of Japanese adult female students
Anthropological Science, 2010
This study was designed to identify possible craniofacial measurements that have an influence on the cephalic index (CI) of Japanese adult females. The total sample used in the current study consisted of 832 healthy Japanese adults. The subjects were all of Japanese birth and ancestry. The age range of the subjects was between 18-25 years. Eight craniofacial measurements were taken: head length, head breadth, head height, head circumference, minimum frontal breadth, bizygomatic breadth, bigonial breadth, and morphological face height. In addition, stature and body weight were also measured. All measurements were taken by one observer from 1998 to 2001. The CI was calculated from head length and head breadth. Using multiple regression analysis, a variance inflation factor (VIF) demonstrated that there was no evidence of a multicollinearity problem among the variables when CI was considered as a response variable. The coefficients of the regression line demonstrated that there was a significant positive relationship between the CI and minimum frontal breadth (P < 0.01), bizygomatic breadth (P < 0.01) and head height (P < 0.05), while a negative relationship was found between the CI and morphological facial height (P < 0.05) and head circumference (P < 0.01). Moreover, the coefficient and odds ratio of the logistic regression showed that minimum frontal breadth (P < 0.05), bizygomatic breadth (P < 0.01), and head height (P < 0.05) were more likely in the roundheaded group, while morphological facial height (P < 0.05), head circumference (P < 0.01), and stature (P < 0.05) were less likely in the round-headed group. Stepwise regression analysis showed that with respect to the CI, the best predictor variables were bizygomatic breadth, head circumference, minimum frontal breadth, morphological facial height, head height, and stature. These results suggest that most of the craniofacial variables measured appear to influence the CI of Japanese adult female students.
2016
SUMMARY: Cephalic and facial indices are used to estimate the racial and sex differences. This study was carried out to establish standards for craniofacial variables and distribution of cephalic and facial indices in Kosovo- Albanian population. The study population consisted of 204 dental students (101 males and 103 females, aged 18 to 30). Four basic craniofacial variables (head length, head breadth, morphological face height and face breadth) were measured to obtained cephalic and facial indices. All measured craniofacial variables are considerably higher in males than in females (p<0.0001). In the Kosovo – Albanian population brachycephalic type of head (44.61 %) and hyperleptoprosopic type of face (63.34%) prevail. KEY WORDS: Cephalic index; Facial index; Brachycephalic; Hyperleptoprosopic; Kosovo-Albanian Population.
GMJ Medicine, 2018
Background: Facial anthropometry is useful in individual identification and reconstructive surgery. In the present study, we aimed to determine the facial characteristic of the Iranian population through anthropometric study. Materials and Methods: In a cross sectional study, 200 (100 male and 100 female) volunteer medical students (aged 20-25 years) of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected. The facial variables including Total Facial Height (TFH), Upper Facial Height (UFH) and Facial Width (FW) were measured and accordingly the Total Facial Index (TFI) and Upper Facial Index (UFI) were calculated. The data were analyzed using Statistical Software (SPSS). Results: The mean age of subjects was 22.97±1.12. the mean TFH, UFH, FW, TFI and UFI was 11.155 cm, 7.05 cm, 11.68 cm, 95.75, and 60.55, respectively. The most common types of face were hyperleptoprosopic (54%) and hyperleptene (54%) based on TFI and UFI, respectively. There were significant differences in the facial characteristic including TFH (P<0.0001), UFH (P<0.0001), FW (P=0.02), TFI (P<0.0001), and UFI (P<0.0001) of males and female subjects. Conclusion: According to the results, the most frequent face type was hyperleptoprosopic based on TFI and hyperleptene based on UFI in Iranian population, which showed the differences in the various populations. Additionally, the values of facial characteristics were higher in males than females. So, sexual dimorphism was recorded according to the facial measurements of Iranian population which can be considered in the reconstructive surgeries.
Variations in the Facial Dimensions and Face Types Among the Students of A Medical College
Journal of Nepal Medical Association
Introduction: Facial dimensions and the face types are the most variable factors in human community. These dimensions have practical implications for the anthropologist, forensic experts, anatomists and surgeons. The present study is aimed to determine the facial dimensions and face types among the medical and nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among medical and nursing students of Devdaha Medical College and Devdaha College of Science and Technology from January 2017 to February 2018. There were 155 students of which 72 were males and 83 females. Facial height and width were measured and facial index was calculated. The collected data was entered and analyzed in SPSS 21 and differences in measurements among males and females were calculated. Results: The mean facial height among the total population was 10.83 ± 0.74 cm and facial width was 12.39 ± 0.67 cm with the mean facial index of 87.44 ± 4.82. The most prevalent was the mesoprosopic face (n= 59, 38.06%...