On-farm Evaluation of Enset ( Ensete ventricosum ) Leaf Supplementation on Does ’ Milk Yield and Composition and Growth Rates of their Kids (original) (raw)
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On-farm study was conducted to evaluate the effects of enset (Ensete ventricousm) leaf supplementation on doe's milk yield and composition and growth rates of their kids. Forty-eight pregnant does were randomly divided into four feeding groups of twelve animals per treatment in a completely randomized design. Each treatment was further divided into three replications of four animals per replications. The treatments were: grazing only (T1), 74 g + grazing (T2), 148 g + grazing (T3) and 220 g + grazing (T4) on dry matter (DM) basis of enset leaf supplementation. Kids were allowed to suckle their dams during daytime up to 90 days and milk was measured every morning after overnight separation of kids and dams. Increasing the levels of enset leaf increased (p<0.05) enset leaf DM intake. The crude protein intake at a higher level (T4) was higher (p<0.05) than that of T3 and T2. Milk yield was higher (p<0.05) in the supplemented does than non-supplemented ones. The average milk yield (liter/day) was observed to be 0.37, 0.59, 0.50, and 0.45 for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Growth rates of kids from the supplemented does were higher (p<0.05) than the non-supplemented ones. The average daily gain (g) was 79.3, 90.4, 99.1 and 94.6 for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The highest (p<0.05) fat content was observed for T2 and the lowest for the control (T1) goats. Protein content of milk increased (P<0.05) with increasing levels of supplementation. Supplementary, feeding improved milk yield as well as protein and fat contents thereby enhancing the growth performance of the kids. It can, therefore, be inferred that supplementation of does with enset leaves can assist in overall improvement in family income and also nutrition of the small holder farmers in general in addition to improving the growth performance of kids.
The influence of supplementary feeding using multipurpose leguminous leaves on the reproductive performance, milk production and kid growth in 24 West African dwarf goats (WADG) was carried out at Dschang University Animal Farm between June 2001 and July 2003. In addition to grazing on natural pasture, the group receiving feed supplement was given a mixture comprising the leaves of Calliandra calothyrsus and Leucaena leucocephala. Results indicate that during the dry and rainy seasons, the leaves had a higher content of protein compared to the grasses while the grasses were richer in cellulose. As a result of supplementary feeding, there was a marked reduction in abortion incidences. The average birth weight of the kids in the supplemented group (1.35 ± 0.08 kg) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in the control group (1.12 ± 0.10 kg) during the dry season whereas the difference was not significant during the rainy season. At weaning age, the average kid weight in the supplemented group was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that in the control group during both the dry (5.95 ± 0.45 kg versus 3.56 ± 0.45 kg) and rainy (6.22 ± 0.33 kg versus 4.64 ± 0.19 kg) seasons. Kids from the goats receiving supplements gained 67.1% more weight during the dry season whereas only 34.1% more weight was gained during the rainy season in comparison to the control group. Average weekly milk production in the goats receiving supplements was almost double that produced by the control group in dry season (361 ± 11 g versus 183 ± 43 g) and about 32% more milk was produced during the rainy season. There was a positive correlation between weight gain and milk production which was highest in the group receiving supplements during the dry season (r 2 = 0.96). This study has revealed that the reproductive performance, milk production and kid growth will be greatly improved in the WADG when the feed from natural pasture is supplemented with the leaves of C. calothyrsus and L. leucocephala.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dried Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) and cassava (Manihot esculenta) leaves on feed intake, milk production, and milk composition of Holstein Friesian x Ankole crossbred cows. Three cows in early lactation, with initial milk production of 4 ± 1.20 kg/day and 359 ± 24 kg average live body weight, were randomly assigned to the experimental diet in a 3x3 Latin square design. Three 15-day experimental periods were adopted (1 to 10-day: diet adaptation and 11 to 15-day: data collection). Cows were fed on a freshly chopped Guatemala grass diet supplemented with 1.25 kg DM of brewers’ spent grain (control). The experimental diets were similar to the control diet differing in the presence of dried Leucaena or cassava leaves, both at the inclusion rate of 20% of the basal diet intake. Total dry matter intake, nutrient intake, milk production, and milk composition showed significant variation among treatments. Cows supplemented with...
Yield and mineral content of ten enset (Ensete ventricosum) varieties
A study was conducted to evaluate the macro and trace mineral contents of ten enset varieties collected from Sidama zone of southern Ethiopia. Samples of leaf lamina, leaf midrib, pseudostem and corm were taken from ten enset varieties at the age of 5 to 6 years during the main rainy season. The dry weight of each variety and fraction were also determined. Mineral contents in fractions of different enset varieties were analysed and compared with nutrient requirements of ruminants. The contribution of different enset fractions to the total dry weight was variable (P<0.05), the highest being from pseudostem and the lowest from leaf lamina. There were varietal differences (P<0.05) in macro and trace mineral content in different fractions except phosphorus (P) content of leaf lamina. Most enset fractions were rich sources of major minerals such as P, potassium (K), calcium (Ca) (except corm) and magnesium (Mg). Sodium (Na) content was very low. Most fractions were rich in iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), but deficient in copper (Cu), except leaf lamina. Zinc (Zn) content was high in corm, but low in other fractions. This account of the macro and trace mineral content of different enset varieties and fractions could help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate mineral deficiencies.
Livestock Science, 2008
A study which included growth and digestibility experiments was conducted to evaluate the feeding value of a) enset pseudostem, b) enset corm or c) enset mixture (containing equal amounts of pseudostem, corm and enset leaf on a DM basis) as a supplement to a basal diet of wheat straw fed ad libitum and restricted amounts of Desmodium intortum (Desmodium) hay to sheep. During the 71-day growth experiment, 18 one-year-old male sheep of indigenous breed with mean body weight (BW) of 20.2 (±0.43) kg were randomly assigned to the three treatments. In the digestibility experiment, three male sheep with mean BW of 19.5 (±1.06) kg were assigned to each treatment. Sheep supplemented with enset mixture consumed more (P b 0.001) wheat straw DM (335 g/day) than those supplemented with pseudostem (295 g/day). No differences were found in total dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) intake between diets supplemented with pseudostem, corm and enset mixture. Total nitrogen (N) intake (g/day) was higher (P = 0.0073) in sheep fed the diet with enset mixture (12.2) followed by corm (11.3) and pseudostem (10.7). The apparent digestibility of DM was higher (P b 0.001) in pseudostem (0.53) followed by corm (0.46) and enset mixture (0.41) supplemented sheep. Organic matter, neutral detergent fiber and N digestibility were similar among treatments. The amount of N lost in urine and faeces and the N-retention was similar among treatments. There were no differences in gain/day in sheep fed diets with pseudostem (29.3 g), corm (27.0 g) and enset mixture (36.5 g). It is concluded that supplementation of a wheat straw/Desmodium diet with enset fractions could be used equally at least to maintain body weight during the dry season.
Proceedings of 26th Annual Conference of ASAN-NIAS, Uyo, Nigeria, 2021
The study investigated the effects of fortified ensiled cassava root-leaf blends on the milk composition of lactating sows. Ensiled Cassava Root-Leaf Blends (ECRLB) fortified with Allzyme ® SSF, amino acids (lysine and methionine) and a combination of Allzyme ® and amino acids were used as a total replacement for maize in the diets of lactating sows. Cassava roots and leaves were mixed at 70:30, ensiled and then fortified as follows; ECRLB1 (ECRLB without supplement), ECRLB2 (ECRLB +amino acids), ECRLB3 (ECRLB + Allzyme), ECRLB 4 (ECRLB + amino acids + Allzyme). These four were used as a replacement for maize at 30% in the sow's diet, while a Maize Based Diet (MBD) served as the control to have a total of five experimental diets. Twenty lactating sows (Large White x Landrace) were randomly allocated to the 5 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with four sows per treatment, each sow being a replicate. Data were collected on the milk composition of the sows at the 4 th week of lactation. Improved milk composition (protein, casein, lactose, fat and ash) were recorded for sows fed fortified ECRLB (2, 3 and 4). It was concluded that fortified ensiled cassava root-leaf blends be used to replace maize effectively at 30% in the diets of lactating sows for improved milk composition.
2018
The study was conducted in four districts of Gurage zone, southern Ethiopia to assess smallholder dairy cattle production systems and identify major constraints in enset based mixed system of production. Households of 360 were selected and individually interviewed with personal observation and focus group discussion. The overall average family size of 7.71±0.18 persons, herd size of 4.87±0.12 heads of cattle and land holding of 1.75±0.05 hectare per household were the results of the study. Around (88.05%) of the farmers in the study areas were keeping cattle primarily for the production of milk and manure while(11.95%) held cattle primarily for milk production and traction. About (83.6%) of the households utilized natural mating, (15.3%) both AI and bull mating and (1.1%) used AI for cattle breeding. Farmers of (82.78%) were relied on river as source of water for their cattle. Extensive-dairying is dominating system where farmers feed their cattle with DM of enset leaf and leaf midr...
2016
The study was conducted to determine the effect replacing dried stinging nettle leaf meal (SNLM) for concentrate mix on milk yield and composition of lactating does and growth performance of their kids. A control and three dietary treatments using a concentrate mixture (maize, linseed cake and wheat bran) and SNLM, in the ratio of 1:0 (control), 2:1(SN33), 1:2(SN66) and 0:1(SN100) were fed to local Arsi-Bale does. Animals were managed semi-intensively and were allowed to graze on natural pasture for 6h/day; water was provided twice a day and mineral lick ad libitum. The control group received 300g of concentrate mixture /day/doe. In SN33, SN66 and SN100, 100g, 200g and 300g (whole) of the concentrate supplement was replaced by SNLM respectively. Daily milk yield (MY), milk fat, protein, TS, SNF and growth rate of kids’ were measured every two weeks during 91days of experiment. Compared to control, MY increased (P < 0.05) by 33% at SN66 (1.08kg). However, MY dropped by 30% when co...