Diversity, density and management of trees in different agro-forestry practices of Yem Special District, Southern Ethiopia (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Research in Agriculture, Biology & Environment (IJAGRI), 2023
This study was conducted to investigate the farmers' tree growing practices and diversity of tree species in the home garden, farmlands, and nearby forest areas of Abaychomen District, Eastern Wollega, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Data were collected from sampled Households (HHs) using purposive random sampling methods for the socioeconomic survey and a systematic sampling technique for vegetation assessment. For the interview, 152 HHs were selected from the two Peasant Associations of Gutene and Dinoberema. Focus group discussions and site observations were used. The result showed 51 tree species in Dinoberema and 41 in Gutene were identified and recorded. The Shannon diversity index is high in the natural forest of both sites and low in the crop fields of Gutene and home garden area of Denoberema. Simpson diversity index exhibited a similar trend as the Shannon diversity index in both sites. Croton macrostachyus and Podocarpus falcatus are the 1 st and the 2 nd most important tree species in both sites. Higher Sorensen coefficient similarity observed between crop field and home gardens. The result also revealed, HHs within the rich wealth class have a large area of home garden related to medium and poor. According to respondents viewed, (80 % observed labour availability) in Gutene and (60% observed land availability) in Dinoberema were opportunities to grow trees. However, shortage of cash and land were the main constraints for tree growing practices. Therefore, this study is important for effective tree biodiversity. Hence, identifying and documenting the tree species diversity and practices of local peoples on tree management are necessary to build the gaps in knowledge.
International Journal of Biodiversity, 2015
The major impact of humans on forest ecosystems including loss of forest area, habitat fragmentation, and soil degradation leads to losses of biodiversity. These problems can be addressed by integration of agriculture with forests and maintaining the existing forests. This study was initiated to assess woody species diversity of traditional agroforestry practices. Three study sites (Burkitu, Chire, and Erba) were selected based on the presence of agroforestry practice. Forty-eight (48) sample quadrants having an area of 20 m × 20 m, 16 sample quadrants in each study site, were systematically laid using four transect lines at different distance. The diversity of woody species was analyzed by using different diversity indices. A total of 55 woody species belonging to 31 families were identified and documented. There were significantly different (< 0.05) among the study Kebeles (peasant associations). Mangifera indica, Entada abyssinica, and Croton macrostachyus were found to have the highest Important Value Index. The results confirmed that traditional agroforestry plays a major role in the conservation of native woody species. However, threats to woody species were observed. Therefore, there is a need to undertake conservation practices before the loss of species.
Agroforestry Systems, 2018
Trees are important components of agricultural landscapes in different parts of Ethiopia, and information on their type, diversity and distribution in sub-humid agroecologies is essential for designing interventions. A study was conducted to evaluate tree diversity and their spatial patterns in agricultural landscapes under different land use categories in four selected sub-humid sites in Western Oromia, Ethiopia. Tree inventory was conducted on 100 homesteads (19 ha), 18 crop lands (35 ha) and 11 grazing lands (5.5 ha) belonging to 100 randomly selected households. A total of 82 tree species were identified: 67 in the homesteads, 52 in the crop lands and 29 in the grazing lands. The density of trees varied from 68 trees per ha in crop lands to 801 trees per ha in homesteads. Diversity indices revealed that homestead was the most diverse with Shannon index of 2.42, and Simpson index of 0.84. The density of trees among the tree communities in the four sites varied from 133 in Bako Tibe to 476 in Jima Arjo, but not any one of the sites had more diverse tree community as revealed by the Rènyi diversity profiles analysis. The three dominant tree species in the agricultural landscapes were Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Vernonia amygdalina and Cordia africana. Pearson correlation analysis showed that high tree species density, richness and diversity had high association with homesteads than with crop lands and grazing lands. It also revealed significant positive correlations between land size and evenness, and latitude and evenness whereas there were significant negative correlations between family size and Shannon diversity index, and land size and tree density. The majority (81.6%) of the trees were established through plantation and only 18.4% were regenerated naturally. The proportion of planted trees varied from 68% in Gobu Seyo to 94.1% in Guto Gida. The study showed that agricultural landscapes harbour high diversity of tree species with a spatial pattern, and increasing the tree cover with focus in the crop lands is essential for improved resilience of the agricultural systems and for circa-situm conservation of biodiversity.
Natural Resources, 2016
Sustainable farming practice that utilizes and conserves biodiversity, reducing negative impacts of agriculture on biodiversity and provides wood and energy to local community is a good solution to reduce deforestation and forest degradation. This study was carried out in Dallo Mena district of Bale zone to identify woody species diversity in homegarden agroforestry practices, shade grown coffee agroforestry practices and adjacent natural forest, and to show how land use and management practice determine the plant species diversity. The study site was selected based on spatial analogue approach. In each land use, a plots of 10 m × 10 m size was drown by using systematic sampling method following the transect line. A total of 36 sample plots were sampled along the transect line laid down inside each land uses. In each plot, woody species were counted and the diameter and height of trees and shrubs were measured. Based on this inventory a total of 39 woody plant species which are about 23, 10, 15 woody plant species were recorded from natural forest, shade grown coffee agroforestry and homegarden agroforestry practices respectively. These species were classified belonging to 24 families. The Shannon Wiener diversity index used to estimate species diversity ranged from 0.14 to 2.54 with a mean of 1.47. Also 21% woody species similarities were observed between those three land uses. The result shows that both agroforestry practices (shade grown coffee and home garden agroforestry practices) and adjacent natural forests are conserving several woody species diversity in its system.
American Journal of Environmental Protection, 2021
As part of agriculture, agroforestry has great contribution as in-situ conservation for global biodiversity, because it contains different components. Besides, it improves the livelihoods of smallholder farmers by providing various products and services. However, there are limited scientific evidence and studies so far available on the roles of agroforestry to biodiversity conservation. Objective of the current study was to assess contribution of agroforestry on woody species diversity, conservation to sustain rural livelihoods at Ginir district, Southeast Ethiopia. Totally, six villages were selected based on their respective distance from the accessible roads and their agroforestry potential. A total of 70 sample HHs were randomly selected from the farmers full practiced agroforestry categories based on proportions of their representation. For the inventory of woody species, the lengths of farm boundary plantations were divided into 10 m sections. One section was selected for every 50 m of boundary length. A quadrant size of 10 m × 5 m and 50 m × 50 m were used for homegarden and parklands were conducted by taken one quadrant sample for each agroforestry practice from a house head farm. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analyzed. Measurement of diversity needed to quantify and characterize agroforestry practices according to the degree of diversity and to examined the relationship of different agroforestry practices and woody species diversity at the village level and Kebeles. The result showed that 67 woody species belonging to 36 families and 58 genera were identified. Miomosoidceae was the most dominant family with 10 (15%) species, followed by Myrtaceae family with 6 (9%) species, Anacardiaceae and Rutaceae family accounted for 8 (12%). In terms of species diversity, home gardens (2.47) were more diversified than parklands (2.33) and boundary plantation (1.98) in the overall study sites. Finally, it is concluded that Agroforestry were used to maintaining or as an option for maintaining native woody species to improve the rural community livelihoods of the rural farmers.
Assessment of Usage Diversity of Agroforestry Tree Species in Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Journal of Mountain Research
Diversification of products and services from agroforestry trees of Ethiopia becomeimportant for sustainable farming systems. This study was conducted with the aim to investigate usagediversity of tree species. At farm level different tree species were counted, listedand recoded. The DBH of all trees and shrubs ≥5cm was measured. The average basal area per farm was 11 m2 (12 m2 per ha), with a range between 0.74 –59 m2 per farm (2.3–35.8 m2 per ha).Sixteen different usage typeswere identified, of which fuel wood holds the largest percent followed by both pole and medicinal use.Different 65 species of trees were recordedin terms of the mean important Value Index (IVI), of which Eucalyptus species ranked first (57), followed by Cordiaafricana (50.4), Croton macrostachyus (33),Erythrinaabyssinica (31.4), and Cupressuslusitanica (19). The IVI of these five species accounted for more than 30% of the total IVI. Usage diversity is well recognized in the study area but further studies of tr...
Review on Woody Species and Socio-Economic Roles of Traditional Agroforestry Practices in Ethiopia
Journal of Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and Applications, 2017
The indigenous knowledge of deliberate maintenance of diverse plant species on farmers' managed landscape characterizes different forms of traditional agroforestry systems in Ethiopia. Nonetheless, very little of this knowledge has been recorded in the country. These review woody plants maintained in different forms of traditional agroforestry practices with respect to conservation and rehabilitation of biodiversity and their biophysical and socioeconomic roles and benefits to household. In Ethiopia, countries are located in different agro-ecological zones (lowland (1540-1680 masl), transitional zone (1680-1800 masl), mid-altitude (2100-2300 masl) and highland (2740-2800 masl). Relatively, more species richness and low evenness was observed in the mid-altitude. Farmers deliberately retained tree/shrub species on their farms for multiple uses and to optimize production of crop and livestock and ultimately for their socioeconomic and livelihood development. Diversity and significance of woody species uses are variable from one agroecology to another. Generally, the traditional agroforestry practices are rich in indigenous tree/shrub species.
Agroforestry Systems, 2013
Diversity of trees and shrubs in agricultural systems contributes to provision of wood and non-wood products, and protects the environment, thereby, enhancing socioeconomic and ecological sustainability of the systems. This study characterizes the diversity, density and composition of trees in the agroforestry homegardens of Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia, and analyses physical and socioeconomic factors influencing diversity and composition of trees in the systems. A total of 144 homegardens were surveyed from 12 sites. In total, 120 species of trees and shrubs were recorded of which, 74.2 % were native to the area. The mean number of tree species per farm was 21. Density of trees varied between sites with mean values ranging from 86 to 1,082, and the overall average was 475 trees ha -1 . Four different crop-based enset (Enset ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman)-coffee homegarden types were recognized and they differed not only in the composition of major crops but also in the diversity, density and composition of trees. The composition, diversity and density of trees is influenced by physical and socioeconomic factors. The major physical factors were geographical distance between sites and differences in altitude of farms. The most important socioeconomic factors were farm size and access to roads. Tree species richness and density increased with farm size. Increased road access facilitated marketing opportunities to agricultural products including trees, and lead to a decline in the basic components of the system, enset, coffee and trees. In the road-access sites, the native trees have also been largely replaced with fast growing exotic species, mainly eucalypts. The decrease in diversity of trees and perennial components of the system, and its gradual replacement with new cash and annual food crops could jeopardize the integrity and complexity of the system, which has been responsible for its sustenance.
International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 2018
Back ground of the study: Population growth and its demands are increasingly threatening the sustainable management and use of natural resources, including natural forests in the tropics. Consequently, in many parts of the tropics, a great proportion of natural forests and the associated biodiversity have either been modified into more open and species-poor secondary forests or converted to other land uses. As in many countries in the tropics forest destruction, land degradation and loss of biodiversity are major environmental problems in Ethiopia (Motuma, 2006). In the world there are so many types of agro forestry practices. The main agro forestry practices include improved fallows, growing annual agricultural crops during the establishment of a forestry plantation, home gardens, alley cropping, farm woodlots, orchards or tree gardens, plantation/crop combinations, shelterbelts, windbreaks, conservation hedges, fodder banks, live fences, trees on pasture and apiculture with trees (Nair, 1993; Sinclair, 1999). In Ethiopia there are also several types of traditional agro forestry practices in different part of our country. Coffee shade based, parkland agro forestry , home gardens, hedgerow intercropping, woodlots, farm boundary practices, trees on grazing lands, enclosures and natural regeneration of species in woodlands and
International Journal of Forestry Research
The study was conducted in Shashemene district, Ethiopia. Management-related data were collected using informal and formal surveys. Woody species diversity and related parameters were collected from 60 households. Woody species with ≥5 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) were measured and recorded and below 5 cm were counted and recorded in 10 m ∗ 10 m and 1 m ∗ 1 m plot, respectively. A total of 36 woody species were recorded, of which 58% were indigenous to the area. The overall mean number of woody species per plot was 3.13. Four woody species, namely, Cordia africana, Croton macrostachyus, Persea americana, and Catha edulis, showed highest importance value index. Farmers’ preference ranks for selected woody species were recorded in order of Cordia africana, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Croton macrostachyus, and Cupressus lusitanica, respectively. The similarity in woody species composition between the study villages ranged from 0.46 to 0.60. To sustain the management of woody specie...