Primary liver-cell carcinoma in a young thoroughbred horse (original) (raw)
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Equine Primary Liver Tumors: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2010
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is an uncommon pediatric liver tumor in humans and horses. In humans, HB is most frequently diagnosed in fetuses, neonates, and young children, whereas hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) affects juvenile and adult humans. Hepatoblastoma in the horse is rare, with only 9 reported cases. Affected horses ranged in age from late-term aborted fetuses to 3 years. The current study describes 3 new cases of primary liver tumors in horses and reviews findings in relation to other reports on this condition. Tumors classified as HB were identified in a male Standardbred aborted fetus and in a 4-year-old Thoroughbred filly. Hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed in a 15-month-old Paint filly. In the Standardbred fetus, the tumor was only present in the liver. In the Thoroughbred and Paint fillies, primary tumors were in the right liver lobe and at the hilus, respectively, and there were metastases to other lobes (HB) and mesenteric lymph nodes (HCC). Tumors were sharply demarcated from adjacent tissue, nonencapsulated, compressive, and invasive. Consisting of cords and nests, or disorganized sheets of epithelial cells, tumors had variable stromal and vascular components. The fetal tumor contained areas of smaller, less differentiated cells with a pronounced mesenchymal component interpreted to be embryonal hepatic tissue. Diagnoses were based on tumor histomorphologic features, resemblance to hepatocyte developmental stages, age of the animal, and patterns of metastasis. Tumors classified as HB were a-fetoprotein immunoreactive. Primary hepatic tumors in the horse are diverse in morphology and include subtypes compatible with classification criteria applied to human tumors.
Disseminated Metastatic Intramedullary Melanoma in an Aged Grey Horse
Journal of Comparative Pathology, 2001
A 12-year-old grey Warmblood stallion presented with fever of unknown origin, and anaemia. Five days later it had developed ataxia and become recumbent, and was humanely killed. At necropsy, malignant melanomas were identified in the perineal subcutis, spleen, and thoracic vertebral canal (T10-11). Populations of malignant melanoma cells were scattered throughout medullary cavities of the axial and appendicular skeleton, and were identified grossly as irregular areas of black to grey discoloration. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of disseminated intramedullary melanoma in a domestic species. 2001 Harcourt Publishers Ltd the spleen. The horse developed neck pain, weak-Melanomas are common dermoepidermal and subness and ataxia, and became sternally recumbent cutaneous tumours of horses (Sundberg et al., 1977; over a 5-day period. The animal was humanely Scott, 1988). It has been estimated that apkilled and submitted to the Pathology Service at proximately 80% of aged grey horses develop cuthe Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for diagtaneous melanomas (McFadyean, 1933; Scott, nostic examination. 1988). Melanocytic tumours affecting internal sites At necropsy, several black masses (5×3×2 cm) are thought to be either metastases from cutaneous were noted within the dermis and subcutis of the masses (McFadyean, 1933), or ectopic melanocytic underside of the tail and perianal region. The left hyperplastic foci that undergo malignant transprescapular lymph node was black and larger than formation in situ (Wilcock, 1993). Only in rare cases expected. The spleen was markedly enlarged and do equine melanomas result in death or necessitate contained numerous white, fleshy, nodular masses, euthanasia (Kirker-Head et al., 1985). The current 1-3 cm in diameter, within the parenchyma. On report describes a case of malignant melanoma in gross sectioning of the vertebral column, a white an aged grey horse, with disseminated infleshy mass, 0•7 cm in diameter, was noted on the tramedullary metastasis. roof of the vertebral canal at the level of the junction A 12-year-old grey Warmblood stallion was adbetween the 10th and 11th thoracic vertebrae. mitted to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hos-The meninges of the underlying spinal cord were pital, University of Florida, with a one-month reddened. The marrow spaces of all vertebrae and history of fever of unknown origin. A complete appendicular bones contained large, irregularly blood count showed mild normochromic anaemia shaped areas of black to grey discoloration (Fig. 1). of 29•8% (laboratory reference range 32-47). A Tissue samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffered firm nodule, 2 cm in diameter, was palpated per formalin, processed by routine methods, and emrectum on the dorsal splenic margin. Transbedded in paraffin wax. Sections of bone marrow cutaneous abdominal ultrasound revealed multiwere decalcified in 5•9 M formic acid before processing. Sections (5 m) were cut and stained with focal, slightly indistinct hypoechoic areas within
Abdominal Spindle Cell Sarcoma of Probable Myofibroblastic Origin in a Horse
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 1999
An 18-year-old gelding Thoroughbred was referred to Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine for evaluation of anorexia, pyrexia, chronic weight loss, and a distended abdomen. Three years previously, this horse was diagnosed with acute septic hepatocholangitis based on physical, bacteriologic, biochemical, and histopathologic findings. Streptococcus viridans was isolated from the liver biopsy samples. Treatment included intravenous fluids, B vitamins, and antibiotics. The horse recovered and had normal blood chemistry and complete blood counts within 5 months of this episode. After recovery, the horse developed intermittent dermal photosensitization involving the lightly pigmented skin of the distal hind limbs. Current physical examination findings included mild depression, lethargy, patchy alopecia and scaling, abdominal distention, generalized muscle atrophy, and poor body condition. There were bilaterally symmetrical 10 ϫ 5 ϫ 1-cm raised swellings in the subcutaneous tissue of the prepuce. Serum biochemical analysis revealed hyperproteinemia (8.8 g/dl). The horse had a leukocytosis (20.1 ϫ 10 3 cells/l) characterized by mature neutrophilia (17.69 ϫ 10 3 cells/l). Results of serum electrophoresis were consistent with chronic inflammation. All other blood parameters were considered normal. Rectal palpation identified a large nodular mass in the caudal abdomen that was confirmed by transrectal and transabdominal ultrasound examination. No distinct organ involvement was identified, and the liver appeared normal. Abdominocentesis yielded a voluminous yellow/orange turbid fluid with an elevated protein level (4.7 g/dl) but a normal total nucleated cell count (300 cells/l). Neutrophils and small lymphocytes were identified on cytologic preparations. Ultrasound examination of the parapreputial swellings demonstrated subcutaneous multiloculated masses. Cytologic examination of fluid obtained by fine-needle aspiration from these masses revealed a monomorphic population of small lymphocytes and occasional erythrophagocytic macrophages. Because of the rapid and severe deterioration of the patient and a high suspicion of abdominal neoplasia, the horse was euthanized and a postmortem examination was performed. Necropsy examination revealed significant muscle atrophy and loss of body fat stores, with grossly observable prominent bony processes and ribs. The abdominal cavity contained approximately 250 ml of clear yellow fluid in as-From the Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology (Newman) and Large Animal Clinical Studies (Cheramie, Scarratt),
Case report: squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in a horse
PubMed, 2012
A 14-year-old Hanoverian gelding was evaluated after a 10-week history of occasional straining during urination and dark red urine production after exercise. Physical examination findings were within normal limits. After 2 weeks of clinical signs, ultrasonography had found no abnormalities in the kidneys or bladder. A freely voided urine sample revealed an elevated protein concentration (500 mg/dL; reference range: <100 mg/dL) and few red blood cells. Vitamin C supplementation was suggested to acidify the urine, as was provision of a salt block to encourage water intake.
Clinical aspects of lymphosarcoma in the horse: A clinical report of 16 cases
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2000
This paper describes the clinical and laboratory findings in 16 horses suffering from lymphosarcoma and the autopsy results in 13 of these cases which were examined at the Large Animal Medicine Clinic, State University of Utrecht, from 1969 to 1981. The cases were dassified into four groups, designated multicentric, alimentary, thymic and cutaneous forms, according to the situation of the tumours.
Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 2016
An 18-year-old gray mare (a crossbred Nigerian horse) was observed to have a proliferative tissue growth with multiple necrotic areas, which was suspected to be a genital squamous cell carcinoma. The mucous membrane of the eyes and gingiva of the mare were pale, and the animal was dull and insensitive, had an abnormal posture and gait, with conspicuous protruding proliferative tissue mass around the vagina and vulva. Blood samples for hematology analysis and serum biochemistry were collected from the jugular vein and determinations followed standard procedures. Hematological examination revealed that the mare had macrocytic anaemia, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis, higher than normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Serum biochemical assays showed that serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were slightly lower than normal. High serum alkaline phosphatase activity was recorded, with high serum total protein level that was mainly due to high serum globulin level. The mare also had a lower than normal total cholesterol. High serum creatinine level was observed. These hematological and serum biochemical findings are commonly associated with genital squamous cell carcinomas in animals and humans.
Advanced multicentric lymphoma in a Belgian Draft Horse mare
A 15-year old draft horse mare was presented to the University Clinic for evaluation of lethargy, anorexia, ptyalism, weight loss and ventral oedema. Clinical examination and rectal palpation revealed generalised lymphadenopathy and numerous firm subcutaneous and abdominal masses of various sizes. Transcutaneous ultrasonography revealed significant bilateral pleural fluid accumulation and a single hypoechoic structure in the abdomen lateral to the liver. Blood analysis showed several abnormalities including a marked leucocy-tosis with an increased number of segmented neutrophils, atypical lymphocytes and monocytosis, suggestive of leukaemic lymphoma. A significant hyperproteinaemia with a hypoalbuminemia and a monoclonal gammopathy was identified. At necropsy myriad masses presented through the whole body. Histology confirmed the suspicion of lymphoma, which was classified as a T-cell rich B-cell multicentric lym-phoma. This article describes the clinical and pathologic findings of this case of leukaemic lymphoma.
Clinical, laboratory, and histopathologic features of equine lymphoma
Veterinary pathology, 2006
Clinical, laboratory and tissue findings from 37 horses with lymphoma were investigated. Horses ranged in age from 0.3 to 20.5 years (median 5.0 years) and included 18 females and 19 males. Weight loss (n = 25) and ventral edema (n = 21) were the most common historical and physical abnormalities. The most common laboratory abnormalities were hyperfibrinogenemia (n = 26), hypoalbuminemia (n = 19), anemia (n = 19), leukemia (n = 14), hyperglobulinemia (n = 13), and thrombocytopenia (n = 13). Thirty-four tumors involved multiple lymphoid tissues and abdominal or thoracic organs, and 3 tumors were restricted to cutaneous and subcutaneous sites. Histopathologically, all tumors diffusely effaced normal lymph node architecture. Tumor cell morphology was heterogeneous in 17 tumors, and 8 tumors had marked histiocytic and multinucleated giant cell infiltrates. Extensive necrosis or focal fibrosis was present in 22 and 4 lymphomas, respectively. Staining of tumor sections with antibodies agai...