Analysis of the Effective Factors on the Electro Remediation of Polluted Soils , an Action Towards Green Technology and Sustainable Environmental Improvement (original) (raw)
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A review on techniques to enhance electrochemical remediation of contaminated soils
Electrochemical remediation is a promising remediation technology for soils contaminated with inorganic, organic, and mixed contaminants. A direct-current electric field is imposed on the contaminated soil to extract the contaminants by the combined mechanisms of electroosmosis, electromigration, and/or electrophoresis. The technology is particularly effective in fine-grained soils of low hydraulic conductivity and large specific surface area. However, the effectiveness of the technology may be diminished by sorption of contaminants on soil particle surfaces and various effects induced by the hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions generated at the electrodes. Various enhancement techniques have been developed to tackle these diminishing effects. A comprehensive review of these techniques is given in this paper with a view to providing useful information to researchers and practitioners in this field.
Electrochemical remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils
Remediation Journal, 1998
was, until recently, a research geo-environmental engineer at the US. A m y Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station in Vicksburg, Mississippi. He received a as. in Civil Engineering and an M.S. in Civil {Geotechnical) Engineering from Louisiana State University. R. Mark Bricka is a research environmental engineer for the U S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES). He currently works in the Environmental Engineering Division in the area of Soils Remediation and Hazardous Waste Treatment and beads the research and technological development for heavy metal soil clean-up. Mark received a B.S. in chemical engineering from the University of Alabama in 1382 and, while working full-time at WES, completed an M.S. degree in chemical engineering at Mississippi State University in 1988. He attended Purdue University in 1990, studying in the environmental engineering department and completed a Ph.D. in the area of Environmental Engineering in absentia while working at WE. Over the years, many soils have been contaminated with toxic heavy metals as a result of a variety of industrial and milita y activities. Electrokinetic soil treatment is an emerging technology that couldprove to be ve y effective in the remediation of these sites. "Real-world" heavy metal contaminated (PbfII), Cd(I0, and Cr(III)) soils from three milita y sites with vu y i n g soil properties were subjected to electrokinetic treatment i n the laboratoiy. Metal extractants (chelating agents and acids) were studied and found to be eflective in enhancing the electrokinetic process. Results indicated that heavy metal removal efficiencies varied in the threesoils tested. In one case, removal efficiencies of 9Opercent and Gopercent were obtained f o r Cd and Cr, respectively, for the nitric acid amended experiments. For another case, over Gopercent of the total Pb in thesystem was deposited near the cathode for the non-amended and the citric-acid amended tests. Conversely, in the third case, the electrokinetic soil-washing treatment process failed to producesignvicant removal of any metal contaminant. 7he discrepancies that exist between the metal removal results o f the threesoils were attributed to the dzfferent physiochemical characteristics of each soil. 0 1998 John Wiley G Sons, Inc. remediation alternatives so that future generations can reap the
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Subsurface contamination has become a widespread and pervasive global problem. Heavy metals and organic compounds often coexist, and such mixed contaminant distribution within the subsurface is highly dependent on particle and macro-scale heterogeneities. Vast amounts of resources have been invested to develop efficient remediation technologies, yet few have been successful. In-situ remediation is often preferred due to lower site disturbance, safety, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness. However, the effectiveness of in-situ technologies depends largely on contaminant chemistry and subsurface heterogeneities (including particle-scale heterogeneities, e.g. fine-grained soils, soils with reactive minerals and/or organic matter, and macro-scale heterogeneities, e.g. irregular soil layers and/or lenses). Under complex site and contaminant conditions, electrokinetic remediation has great potential. This paper presents the status of this technology based on numerous laboratory investigations and limited field demonstrations, the challenges in applying this technology at actual field sites and opportunities for electrokinetics as an efficient and economical remedy for complex contaminated sites.
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