Population migration in Alabama, 1960-1975 : trends and implications (original) (raw)
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Consequences of migration into Arkansas for population change
A 1975 survey carried out to determine Arkansans' knowledge about and attitudes toward management of lind resources (a random sample of 'approximately 100'respondents was surveyed in each of 16 carefully selected counties) provided residential histories and. answers to varied attitudinal questions which were later used to highlight the consequences of migration into Arkansas.-Arkansas natives were noted, and, new Migrantsand-returnees were identified. and categorized by.year.of migration., Respondents were compared with respeCt to socioeconomic and comtunity involvement characteristics, origins and,reasons'for moving to Arkansas, and attitudes toward. community and landruse issues. These comparipons. were made within the state as a whole', and w4thin4each.of three destination.ireas in Arkansas. Taking all miggant categdries together, iigrants had more education and'higher incomes than-Arkansas natives, and they were more likely to be-white. Generally,, however, Migrants' were more similar to the native population than different., .with larger differences. tending to be based on time of arrival in Arkansas. The observed pattern of migration, while perhaps not'actually reinforcing the characteristics'Of the receiving arda, at least minimized the change these patterns might bring abaft. (BRR)
Migration in the 1930s: Beyond the Dust Bowl
Social Science History, 2016
This paper analyzes in detail the role of environmental and economic shocks in the migration of the 1930s. The 1940 US Census of Population asked every inhabitant where they lived five years earlier, a unique source for understanding migration flows and networks. Earlier research documented migrant origins and destinations, but we will show how short-term and annual weather conditions at sending locations in the 1930s explain those flows, and how they operated through agricultural success. Beyond demographic data, we use data about temperature and precipitation, plus data about agricultural production from the agricultural census. The widely known migration literature for the 1930s describes an era of relatively low migration, with much of the migration that did occur radiating outward from the Dust Bowl region and the cotton South. Our work about the complete United States will provide a fuller examination of migration in this socially and economically important era.
Reverse Migration and Nonmetropolitan Employment in Four Great Plains States, 1970-1980
2003
During the rural renaissance of the 1970s, the United States experienced a reverse migration pattern in which the flow of migration was predominantly urban to rural, unlike the traditional rural to urban flows. This migration phenomenon was equally experienced in the North Central Region, which includes the Great Plains states of North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas. This study investigated the impact of the reverse migration phenom enon on employment in eight industry categories in three categories of counties in North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas. Find ings show that net migration had differential impacts on employment by industry category and by county category. While the services industry category was most affected by net migration, no significant relationship was found between net migration and employment in the agriculture industry, the mainstay of the economy of these states.
“Call to Home?” Race, Region, and Migration to the U.S. South, 1970-20001
Sociological Forum, 2012
This research examines recent migration patterns of native-born blacks and whites to the U.S. South. Our primary research questions concern race and regional migration dynamics, and whether new insights into such can be gleaned by comparing migrants to the South with persons moving within the non-South. Using samples of 1970-2000 census data, we focus on race differences in the tendency to choose the South as a migration destination, and whether whites and blacks differ in key selection mechanisms shaping movement to different regional destinations. We observe increasing rates of black (compared to white) migration to the South. Additionally, patterns of selectivity within this growing African-American migration stream are especially dramatic when southern migrants are compared to persons moving within the non-South. Our analyses also show that black migrants are targeting particular parts of the South (e.g., states where blacks are a larger share of the population), suggesting that future research should disaggregate the ''Census South'' region to provide a more comprehensive picture of contemporary interregional migration in the United States.
Push and Pull in Migration from Southern Farms
Review of Regional Studies, 1972
There is a general consensus among regional economists that the transfer of labor between the farm and non-farm sectors of the South have been a major source of the region’s growth in per capita income and it’s ability to catch up with with rest of the nation. However, it is important to recognize that behidn the talk of convergence rests a sesnse of complacency ocncerning the natural workings of the American economy. Before to much credit is taken, a welfare analysis of the South’s transformation is appropriate The question in this paper is whether the human costs of industrialization were unnecessarily high.
Race and Primary, Return, and Onward Interstate Migration
The Professional Geographer, 1997
primary, return, and onward interstate migration patterns for blacks and whites. The classiªcation of these three types of migration is based on the state of birth and state of residence at the start and end of the census interval. Major migration streams, migration rates, and net migration are evaluated for each migrant type and compared for blacks and whites. Overall, the migration patterns of blacks resemble those of whites, with an attraction to the South and the Southwest and movement out of the Northeast and the Midwest. Some differences were observed, however, between the two races. Return migration rates were somewhat higher for black migrants as compared with whites, and onward migration rates were lower. Black primary out-migrants represented a larger proportion of the total ºows from the southern states as compared with white out-migrant ºows, and they represented a larger share of the out-migrants from the rust belt states. The major migration streams also had different regional and national patterns by race and migrant type.
We examine evidence on trends in interstate migration over the past 150 years, using data from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series of the U.S. Census (IPUMS). Two measures of migration are calculated. The first considers an individual to have moved if she is residing in a state different from her state of birth. The second considers a family to have moved if it is residing in a state different from the state of birth of one of its young children. The latter measure allows us estimate the timing of moves more accurately. Our results suggest that overall migration propensities have followed a U-shaped trend since 1850, falling until around 1900 and then rising until around 1970. We examine variation in the propensity to make an interstate move by age, sex, race, nativity, region of origin, family structure, and education. Counterfactuals based on probit estimates of the propensity to migrate suggest that the rise in migration of families since 1900 is largely attributable to increased educational attainment. The decline of interstate migration in the late nineteenth century remains to be explained.
Population change in Louisiana, 1970-1975
1977
recent changes in the total population of the state. Section two deals with differences between various residence categories (primarily persons living in metropolitan areas versus persons living in nonmetropolitan areas) and their rates of change. The analysis of residence differentials is of particular interest in view of recent findings relative to a reversal in migration patterns at the national level. The final section examines variations in the rates of population change among the 64 parishes of Louisiana. SOURCES OF DATA The principal sources of data for this study were the publications of the Federal-State Cooperative Program, administered by the U. S. Bureau of the Census as part of the bureau's Current Population Reports. These publications include, for every year since 1970, estimates of the number of inhabitants, births, deaths, and net migration in each state and county of the United States. The estimates were derived from a wide assortment of data found in vital statistics, school enrollments, and Social Security, Medicare, and income tax records. The specific report used most extensively in this study was No. 75-18 of Series P-26, released in March of 1976 and entitled "Estimates of the