New cosmology model shows relativity in universal time and distant observations in Euclidean geometry (original) (raw)
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The Dynamic Universe – Space as a Spherically Closed Energy System
The Dynamic Universe model comprises a holistic view and detailed study of space as a spherically closed 3-dimensional energy system in a 4-dimensional universe. It is based on zero-energy balance of motion and gravitation of space as a 3D surface of a 4-sphere -contracting and expanding in the direction of the 4-radius. Such a dynamic solution shows the rest energy of mass in space as the energy of motion mass possesses due to the expansion. DU shows relativity as a consequence of the conservation of total energy and the zero-energy balance in interactions in space, and allows the derivation of physical and cosmological predictions in relatively simple mathematics -with no need to rely on kinematically derived coordinate transformations. The postulates DU employs do not include the principle of relativity, the equivalence principle, or assumptions about the constancy of the velocity of light. Yet, for local phenomena, including near space, DU predictions are essentially the same as the corresponding predictions given by the special and general theories of relativity. Cosmology predictions in DU fit with observations without the need to free parameters like mass density and dark energy used in Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmology. The Dynamic Universe model offers plausible basis for philosophical considerations and leads to an intelligible picture of physical reality from quantum phenomena to the cosmological structure and development of space. The universe in this model presents itself as an intricately ordered whole where local structures and expressions of energy and matter are inseparably connected to the rest of space.
A Theory of Space, Time and Matter
International Journal of Modern Physics A, 1996
We unify the gravitational field with its source by considering a new type of 5D manifold in which space and time are augmented by an extra dimension which induces 4D matter. The classical tests of relativity are satisfied, and for solitons we obtain new effects which can be tested astrophysically. The canonical cosmological models are in agreement with observations, and we gain new insight into the nature of the big bang. Our inference is that the world may be pure geometry in 5D.
The General Theory of Relativity, a New Iteration
2018
A general theory of relativity is formulated without Einstein's equation. Einstein's tensor ties the space metric to the stress-energy tensor of a gravitational field. A homogeneous isotropic field metric is under consideration. In particular, the metric for a homogeneous isotropic universe possesses the anticipated density of our own universe. The speed of time progression at a distance from the observer slows according to an acceleration law asymptotically equal to Hubble's Law. A continuous field is homogeneous within the limits of small domains. This makes it possible to write a metric for a general continuous field and the single parameter given by the wave equation. The Schwarzschild problem has a continuous solution for r > 0. This solution approaches the Schwarzschild solution beyond the Schwarzschild radius and a second solution is obtained from the Schwarzschild problem-a stationary, expulsive, self-consistent field.
Journal of Advances in Physics, 2020
This paper represents the latest revision of a portion of the research work, still in progress, carried out by the author during the last four years. The overall aim of the study fundamentally consists in showing how, while postulating the absoluteness of time, the validity of the relativistic equations may be formally preserved. Starting from the writing of the first Friedmann-Lemaître Equation (and therefore from General Relativity), a Simple-Harmonically Oscillating Universe (flat, upper-bounded, conventionally singular at = 0) is obtained. Subsequently, the existence of a further spatial dimension is postulated. The Universe is identified with a 4-Ball involved in an (apparent) cyclic evolution and the concept of (material) point is replaced by the one of (material) segment. This scenario, combined with the absoluteness of time, allows an alternative derivation of the equations that characterize Special Relativity (including Lorentz Transformations), although with a different connotation. Amongst the significant consequences that arise from our approach, the possibility of (apparently) moving faster than light stands out.
A New Theory for the Spacetime
2021
In this paper, we investigate the ontological hypothesis, which implies that the spacetime is not the ultimate structure in our universe, and its existence emerges from a deeper physical entity. By using a very simple approach based on a classical problem, regarding the propagation of electromagnetic waves in empty vacuum. We were able to deduce that this deeper entity is just an omnipresent multi-rest states physical structure; aether. After that, we try to see how this ether fits in the universe that we exist in. The outcome is that its existence causes the emergence of some basic phenomena that our universe is built on. At the microscopic scale it turned out to be a source of the essential quantum phenomenon, which is currently known as the waveparticle duality. On the other hand, at the macroscopic scale it causes the emergence of spacetime curvature, around huge, massive objects like Earth. Finally, we consider a simple experiment that enables us to detect this ether, which is based on the concept of the conservation of linear momentum in nature, and the ontology of the inertial mass for the elementary particles.
The Fundamental Nature of Relativity
PIRT 2008 Conference Proceedings, 2014
While the confirmed existence of Dark Matter (DM) and Dark Energy (DE) forms a serious and indeed revolutionary problem for physics, they are actually easy to explain if the reality of a fourth macroscopically extended spatial dimension is assumed. The four dimensionality of space is best portrayed in the case of galactic formation in the early universe, where the DM halo that surrounds spiral galaxies can be modeled. DM is nothing more than spatial curvature in the higher fourth dimension that is not associated with local matter (matter inside the spiral galaxy itself), but is instead the result of an interaction between local matter and the overall curvature of the universe. This model yields a definition of DE that also depends on curvature in the fourth dimension in that it predicts the increasing expansion rate of the universe. The model is strictly geometrical and it does not readily reduce to a simple algebraic formula. Yet the geometry does lead to testable predictions rendering the model falsifiable and a classical algebraic formula that adequately describes the gravitational source of the DM in the geometry of the fourth dimension does emerge upon further consideration of how galaxies evolve by the accretion of material bodies gravitating toward the central core. This formula can also be quantized and relativized and thus leads to a complete unification of physics that once again establish the fundamental nature of relativity. Keywords: galactic rotation problem, halo, Dark Matter, CDM, HDM, Dark Energy, General Relativity, Kaluza, Klein, five-dimensional, fourth dimension, space-time, Einstein, positive curvature, extrinsic curvature
International Journal of Modern Physics D, 2009
We present here the transformations required to recast the Robertson-Walker metric and Friedmann-Robertson-Walker equations in terms of observer-dependent coordinates for several commonly assumed cosmologies. The overriding motivation is the derivation of explicit expressions for the radius R h of our cosmic horizon in terms of measurable quantities for each of the cases we consider. We show that the cosmological time dt diverges for any finite interval ds associated with a process at R → R h , which therefore represents a physical limit to our observations. This is a key component required for a complete interpretation of the data, particularly as they pertain to the nature of dark energy. With these results, we affirm the conclusion drawn in our earlier work that the identification of dark energy as a cosmological constant does not appear to be consistent with the data.
The basic characteristics of space-time as a requisite dualistic condition of creation has been explicated. It is emphasized that space and time represent a set of conjugate phenomena that are symbiotic in nature in a sense that one cannot exist without the other. Furthermore, it is elucidated that in reality space represents congealed time that otherwise progresses in free flow. Moreover, space and time may be considered as being the inverse of one another in the sense that the propensity of congealed time (space) diminishes the free-flowing nature of time. It is further proposed that consistent with the measure of space at a given point in the Cosmos, time should be quantified in terms of a vectorial, and not a mere scalar quantity, as is erroneously and commonly perceived. In fact, both the measures of space and time at any point within the Cosmos represent free vectors, which are mutually orthogonal to one another at the given point in the Cosmos. Furthermore, as time defines the very essence of spinning about the SOURCE, the vector of time is rotational in nature. In fact, space-time may be depicted as a curvilinear (spherical) layer with its surface being reminiscent of its space aspect and its curvature epitomizing its time feature. It is, thus, clear and reaffirms the fact that at any point within the Cosmos, the free vector of space (position vector), being tangent to the surface, is perpendicular to the vector of time that is directed along the radius of the said spheroidal surface. Furthermore, it is clarified that similar to the vector of position, time is directional in nature that may be either positive or negative. It can proceed along the radius of the spherical space-time layer either towards or away from the SOURCE.
From the Oscillating Universe to Relativistic Energy: A Review
2017
We hypothesize a closed Universe belonging to the oscillatory class. More precisely, we postulate a Universe that evolves following a simple harmonic motion whose pulsation is equal to the ratio between the speed of light and the mean radius of curvature. The existence of at least a further spatial dimension is contemplated. Although the space we are allowed to perceive is curved, since it is identifiable with a hypersphere whose radius depends on our state of motion, the Universe in its entirety , herein assimilated to a four-dimensional ball, is to be considered as being flat. All the points are replaced by straight line segments: In other terms, what we perceive as being a point is actually a straight line segment crossing the center of the above mentioned four-dimensional ball. In the light of these hypotheses, we can easily obtain the identity that represents the so called relativistic energy. In this paper we discuss, more thoroughly than elsewhere, the deduction of the so called mass-energy equivalence. Moreover, by carrying out a simple comparison with the way in which we perceive a bi-dimensional surface, the noteworthy concept of dimensional thickness is introduced.