Data systematization in the neo-eneolithic of southeastern anD central europe (original) (raw)
Related papers
Problems of the far North-East of Europe Eneolithic chronology
Ural’skij istoriceski vestnik, 2018
The article studies the current state of the problem of archaeological sites chronology on the basis of summing up and systematization of the available data on the Eneolithic sites of the Far North-East of Europe (the basins of the rivers Pechora, Mezen, and Vychegda) as part of the planned review of the sources. This is a step towards the creation of an adequate cultural processes model in the Eneolithic of this territory. It was established that geo-morphologically the archaeological contexts of the region referred to the upper levels of the sand eolian deposits, which limited the researchers options in the choice of methodology for the determination of the age of the studied sites, first of all, this involved the principle of similar phenomena and attributes synchronization, as well as the sporadic radiocarbon charcoal dating. Only in one case we were able to realize the opportunity to build a relative chronology for the multi-culture sites. We also noted the instability of the comparativetypological methodology outcomes, this could probably be explained by its incorrect application to the incompatible in terms of the source-study materials without taking into account the regional specifics of such sources formation. Based on the study of the radiocarbon dating results for the complexes of the Chuzhjyaelskaya and the Choinovtinskaya cultures as well as the respective sampling context, we have identified 9 dates out of 19 determinations, which could have been valid for the Eneolithic, and identified the reliable data. It was established that the period of the second half of the 4th — the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC, i. e. the period of the existence of the comb stamp geometrism historical and cultural community, was pretty well covered by the independently obtained dates. The age of the Choinovtinskaya or the Garinskaya culture complexes of the 3rd millennium BC was not so well substantiated. We believe that the problems with the independent dating of the region's contexts were to a great extent caused by the deformations and the bioturbation of the culture bearing sediments, as well as the incorrect documentation of the samples. The authors plan to continue the study of the problem on the basis of a search for and comparison of the compatible contexts, as well as the expansion of the range of independent dating techniques.
Modern concepts of Neolithic cultures in northeastern Europe
Samara Journal of Science, 2019
The authors summarize and systematize data on Neolithic cultures in northeastern Europe. It is a modern territory of the Komi Republic, the northern part of the Perm Territory, the Vologda and Arkhangelsk Regions, and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Based on the critical analysis of evidences, their analysis and interpretation, the authors present their views on the features of the formation, development and fate of the Neolithic cultures of the region. It has been established that the studied region contains northern and northeastern provinces of the famous cultures of the early and middle Neolithic of Eastern Europe: Verkhnevolzhskaya, Kamskaya, Lyalovskaya and Kargopolskaya. In addition, fragments of some cultures were identified. Their initial areas of formation are not yet reliably determined. They are represented by early Neolithic sites such as Dutovo 1, Chernoborskaya III, Enty IА and Chyornaya Vadya. Some types of pottery without a specific context document the presence of pop...
This study consists of two parts, summarizing the authors’ findings from the past decade of research on the well-known and partially published complex of the Chungul Kurgan. The present article lays out the phases of the ritual of the burial of the Polovtsian leader as reconstructed by the authors on the basis of the detailed documentation made at the time of the excavation in 1981. Six phases of the burial process can be identified from archaeological evidence. These are as follows. (1) The digging of a ditch that encircles the sacred space for the burial around the perimeter of the previous Bronze Age kurgan. (2) The raising of earthen ramparts in a circle within this ditch, with a bowl-like contour sloping gently toward the center. As soon as the construction of the ramparts was completed, phase (3), the digging of the burial pit began in the center of this enclosed space. This pit, containing the wooden coffin of the deceased as well as supplies of meat and drink, was oriented east-west and closed with a wooden cover. Around the perimeter of the pit, five sacrificial horses were laid out and subsequently sealed within a layer of clay. (4) The erection of a small ritual platform over the level of the horse burials. (5) The erection of a larger ritual platform within the ramparts, which also entailed the construction of a paved floor and an apse with white limestone brought from afar. Probable remains of sacrifices, including a horse skull, the skeleton of a large dog, and a human skeleton, are associated with this phase. (6) The filling and sealing of the kurgan into its final, truncated-cone shape. The second part of the article, which will appear in the next issue, will treat individual imported artifacts and the nature of their reuse in the context of the burial.
The Neolithic cultures in the North-Eastern Europe and modern concepts
Evolution of Neolithic cultures of Eastern Europe, 2019
Сборник содержит материалы международной конференции, приуроченной к 120-летию М.Е. Фосс, 110-летию Н.Н. Гуриной и 80-летию А.Т. Синюка. Представленные работы затрагивают вопросы изучения позднекаменного века и эпохи раннего металла. Анализируются критерии выделения археологических культур неолита, сходства и различия волго-окской, верхневолжской, дубово-отарской, среднедонской, средневолжской и других культур. Рассматриваются возможности определения культурных областей, горизонтов и типов. Выделяются принципы обоснования перехода от неолита к бронзовому веку на территории лесной и лесостепной зон Восточной Европы. Определяется роль керамики в реконструкции культурных процессов в неолите-энеолите. Издание предназначено для археологов и представителей смежных дисциплин.
Записки Института истории материальной культуры РАН, 2019
This paper discusses the role the borders and different research traditions have had in the formation of archaeological views and narratives. It focuses on the Neolithic Stone Age (ca. 5500– 1800 calBC) of Finland and the Karelian Republic (Russia), and uses four case studies to discuss different aspects of Neolithic development, as well as how restrictions and stimuli coming from outside (and inside) the archaeological community affect the image created of prehistory, especially of the contacts and interaction between different regions. The case studies include the following topics: the appearance of pottery (Sperrings 1 and Säräisniemi 1 Wares, the late 6th and early 5th millennia calBC), Typical Comb Ware (the early 4th millennium calBC), the asbestos- and organic-tempered wares (the mid-4th millennium calBC) and Corded Ware (the 3rd millennium calBC) (Fig. 1). As a conclusion, North-Eastern Europe can be presented as an example of how artificial divisions can appear into prehistory due to modern factors affecting the research. The petrified and stereotyped images of the neighboring areas do not t the currently existing archaeological materials (Fig.2; 3) — inter-regional comparisons show variable interaction between the areas, which needs to be studied on case-by-case-basis. В статье рассматривается роль государственных границ и различий научных традиций в формировании археологических концепций и представлений о прошлом, в частности, при изучении неолита (5500–1800 гг. до н. э.) на территории Финляндии и российской Республики Карелия. На примере четырех конкретных исследований различных аспектов развития неолитических культур, а именно: появление керамики типов Сперрингс 1 и Сяряйсниеми 1 (конец VI — начало V тыс. до н. э.), распространение типичной гребенчато- ямочной керамики (начало IV тыс. до н. э.), культуры с асбестовой и пористой керамикой (середина IV тыс. до н. э.) и культуры шнуровой керамики (III тыс. до н. э.) (рис. 1) показано, как ограничения и стимулы, происходящие как извне, так и изнутри археологического сообщества, влияют на создаваемую картину доистории, особенно в отношении контактов и взаимодействий между разными территориями. В результате удалось прийти к заключению, что Северо-Восточная Европа представляет пример того, как влияние на науку современных факторов может привести к возникновению искусственных разграничений в реконструируемом прошлом. Устоявшиеся и полные стереотипов представления о сопредельных территориях не соответствуют имеющимся археологическим материалам (рис. 2; 3). Межрегиональные сопоставления показывают множество видов взаимодействия между разными территориями, которые нуждаются в изучении на основании исследования конкретных материалов.
Worldview Foundations of Paleoastronomy of European Neolithic and Bronze Age Culture
Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Actual problems of Ukrainian society development
In the article the considered problem of world view principles of culture of the European neolith and bronze age. Described and analyses material artefacts that touch paleoastronomy, id est constrained to those or by another character with astronomic supervisions, or somehow represented the objects of supervision and aim, what it was done for. The analysis of all artefacts specifies on that the basic object of supervision was a Sun and special points him annual motion: vernal and autumn equinox, winter and summer solstice. Taking into account the features of climate in Europe, namely large seasonal vibrations, large difference of winter from a summer and impossibility during a winter to engage in growing of plants, and all of it is related to position of a Sun on sky, in the article a hypothesis is pulled out that the world view of representatives of this culture, that functioned within the framework of religion, carried cosmocentric character there was a Sun in the center of that, ...