Formulation and Evaluation of Controlled Release Herbal Mosquito Repellent Gel Containing Encapsulated Essential Oils Obtained from Natural Sources Indigenous to Northeast India (original) (raw)

Development of Herbal Mosquito-Repellent Formulations and Their Comparative Evaluation

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research

Objective: The present research work aimed to develop herbal mosquito repellents as gels, incense sticks, and liquids for plug-in devices and also to assess their performance characteristics. Methods: Herbal materials possessing mosquito-repellent activity were selected from the literature review based on percentage repellency and protection period. In this study, lavender, rosemary, lemongrass, and cedarwood oils were selected as actives. Span 20 and tween 80 were used to emulsify the volatile materials and then incorporated into Carbopol 934 base to form F1 and F2 gels which were evaluated for homogeneity, pH, spread ability, viscosity, and extrudability. Incense sticks were developed using charcoal and jigat as base materials. The prepared incense sticks F3 and F4 were evaluated for burning time, ash weight, and smoke. Solutions F5 and F6 were prepared using surfactants and cosolvents and were evaluated for phase separation. All formulations were screened for their mosquito repel...

Formulation of Cinnamon Bark Essential Oil Gel as Mosquito Repellent

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics

Objective: The purpose of this research is to prepare a cinnamon bark essential oil gel preparation, determines the physical characteristic and physical stability during storage, and examines the activity of mosquito repellent from the best gel preparation. Methods: The formulations of gel were made with variations in the concentration of Carbopol 940 (0.5%, 1.5%, and 2%) contain 1% of cinnamon bark essential oil. The gel evaluated physical characteristics and physical stability. The parameters of organoleptic, homogeneity, and pH are analyzed descriptive, while the viscosity, the spreadability, and the gel adhesion were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at the level of confidence of 95%. The best gel tested its effectiveness as compared to the negative control and product innovator (which used DEET as an active compound) as a positive control. The activity of repellent was determined by an Aedes aegypti mosquito for 6 h with 2 hands respondents. The effectiveness of repellent protection...

Formulation of Essential Oils as Mosquito Repellent

Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

Essential oil has complex chemical substances with a lot of benefit, one of them is as mosquitoe or insect repellent. This research aims to find out the best essential oil formula for mosquito repellent. Essential oils that used in this research are citronella, lemongrass, cajeput, and lavender oil. Essential oils are characterized by its color, density, refractive index, and solubility in alcohol. The essential oil colors met the SNI which was pale yellow to clear yellow, the density was 0.8125 - 0.9114 g/ml, the refractive index was 1.4568-1.4665 and soluble in alcohol. The essential oil mixture resulted in 7 series of formula, namely series A1-A5, B1-B5, C1-C5, D1-D5, E1-E5, F1-F5, and G1-G5. The organoleptic test performed on all formula showed that the preferred formula was the formula E3, G3, and F3. All preferred formula were carried out repellent tests against mosquitoes to determine the effectiveness of the oil mixture in Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) carrier. The result showed ...

FORMULATION OF CINNAMON BARK ESSENTIAL OIL GEL AS MOSQUITO REPELLENT Original Article

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 2022

Objective: The purpose of this research is to prepare a cinnamon bark essential oil gel preparation, determines the physical characteristic and physical stability during storage, and examines the activity of mosquito repellent from the best gel preparation. Methods: The formulations of gel were made with variations in the concentration of Carbopol 940 (0.5%, 1.5%, and 2%) contain 1% of cinnamon bark essential oil. The gel evaluated physical characteristics and physical stability. The parameters of organoleptic, homogeneity, and pH are analyzed descriptive, while the viscosity, the spreadability, and the gel adhesion were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at the level of confidence of 95%. The best gel tested its effectiveness as compared to the negative control and product innovator (which used DEET as an active compound) as a positive control. The activity of repellent was determined by an Aedes aegypti mosquito for 6 h with 2 hands respondents. The effectiveness of repellent protection is calculated by the percentage of protection power. Results: The studies showed that all the gel preparations qualified the organoleptic, homogeneity, and pH parameters. The viscosity, gel adhesion, and spreadability are also stable during storage. Conclusion: Based on the results, the best gel is the formula I which has mosquito repellent activity effective for 6 h like DEET.

Development and Evaluation of Low-Cost Herbal Based Mosquito Repellent Spray

Journal of Xidian University, 2023

Herb-based insect repellents protect people against harmful mosquitoes and infectious vectors. Both chemical and herbal mosquito repellents have evolved as a result of the rise in diseases that are spread by them. The majority of people use chemical insect repellent to avoid harmful mosquitoes. Herbal repellent, which is non-toxic and eco-friendly, developed since chemical-based repellents cause skin irritation, toxicity, and inflammatory. The goal of our research is to develop a mosquito repellent with an herbal base. This article focuses on the viability of traditional mosquito repellent and examines future perspectives. Using cinnamon, citronella, and camphor extract as a solvent, a biodegradable and biocompatible herbal insect repellent is been prepared. SEM, FTIR, UV spectrometry, pH, and stability tests were used to analyse the repellent's morphological structure, functional groups, crystalline structure, and spectrum studies. Thus, our study preliminarily concludes that cinnamon, citronella and camphor incorporated herbal repellent could be an ideal herbal repellent for mosquito. However, further research is needed to confirm the use of synthesized repellent for insect and mosquito.

Novel Formulation and Evaluation of Poly Herbal Mosquito Repellent

Aromatic plants produce chemicals that they use to resist phytophagous attacks Mosquito with various pathways, such as repellents, protective eating, metabolites and development Controllers etc. Now, present-day conditions result in the burgeoning need for natural mosquito repellents that would have cheap, reliable, non-toxic, environmentally safe, and biodegradable attributes. Driven by the global need to move forward, mosquito repellent candle and Mosquito repellent gel formulation based on carbopol 934 was prepared from the Origanum Majorana, Tanacetum Cinerarifolium, Juniperus Communis, Scented Geranium, Thuja Occidentalis L., Tecoma Stans (L.), Artenmisia Arborescent, And Calamintha Acinos and They are further tested for their size, pH, viscosity, spread ability, extrudability, swelling index and accelerated tests. The prepared candle was tested for flammability and was burnt Performance with respect to burning time and consequently its efficacy Spotting operation. Candle in fl...

Effect of microencapsulated plant extracts on mosquito repellency

Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 2017

Mosquitoes are the most important single group of insects in terms of public health importance. Mosqui-toes not only cause nuisance by their bites but also transmit deadly diseases. The activity of mosquitoes is affected by climate, light and temperature. In tropical areas like India, the population of mosquitoes is found huge day by day. Repeated use of synthetic insecticides for mosquito control has disrupted environment as well as human health. To overcome this problem, plant derived compounds may be the better alternate over synthetic insecticides. To enhance the health and hygiene qualities by means of use of medicinal plants through effective application technique on textiles, marigold (petals) and nirgundi (leaves) methanol extract was used as mosquito repellent finish on 100 % woven cotton. For applying mosquito repellent finish on fabric, complex coacervation technique of microencapsulation was used through pad-dry-cure method. Finished cotton samples were tested against An...

Development of Poly Herbal Mosquito Repellent

In order to obtain safe and effective herbal mosquito repellent formulations by combining selected plant materials, the present study was conducted to establish the mosquito repellent efficacy of some selected plant materials. Essential oils of Origanum majorana (Marua/Marwa), Tanacetum cinerarifolium (Pyrethrum), Juniperus communis (Aiteal), Scented geranium (Pelargonium), Thuja occidentalis L. (Arbor Vitae, White Cedor/Yellow Cedor), Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. Ex Kunth (Piliya/ Pila Kaner/ Yellow Bells, Artenmisia arborescent (Worm Wood/Mugworts, and Calamintha acinos (Thyme Basil) were Purchased from a reliable source. Essential oil containing ethanol solutions was prepared by 10 percent (V/V percent) of each essential oil plant and testing of mosquito repellent behavior was performed using arm-in-cage process. Volunteer's forearm, rubbed with 1ml of the test solution, was exposed to the cage where 25 blood-seeking mosquitoes were put and the amount of mosquitoes aligning or biting the arm in each minute was registered for five minutes each. Three replicates were performed for each essential oil that contained ethanol solutions. A 16 percent (V/V percent) mosquito repellent formulation after analyzing the mosquito repellent activity of individual essential oils. Outdoor and indoor field trials were performed around 5p.m. And 10:00p.m. After two days the mosquito repellent formulation is applied to the volunteer legs. This formulation demonstrated 100 percent repellence of mosquitoes in outdoor and indoor field studies that were performed for 5 hours each day for two days. The gel showed 97 percent mosquito repellence in outdoor and indoor field trials that were conducted for two days for six hours each day.

Development of mosquito repellant gel formulations from various natural volatile oils: comparative study with the marketed formulation odomosĀ®

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics

DEET based mosquito repellents were found to be comparatively harmful to the person suffering from urea cycle disorders such as ornithine transcarbamylase (OTD) deficiency and, are therefore, contraindicated in individuals. These situations lead to the budding necessity of natural mosquito repellents which will have inexpensive, effectual, non-toxic, environment-friendly, and biodegradable attributes. Inspired from the upcoming global need, a carbopol 940 based mosquito repellant gel formulation was prepared from the essential oils of Cymbopogon nardus, Murraya Koenigii, Cymbopogon citratus, Tridax procumbens, Eucalyptus globules, and Azadirachta indica, and further evaluating them for their appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, swelling index, and accelerated studies. The mosquito repellent potential was evaluated and simultaneously compared with the positive control (OdomosĀ®). In several developing nations, where the majority of the people do not have access to ...

Technical Approach to Prepare Mosquito Repellents Using Different Natural Plants Extracts

2018

Background: WHO has declared that the mosquito as 'public enemy number one'. The traditional Hindu system of medicine that is 'Ayurveda' stresses the use of plant-based medicines, treatments and preventions. Objectives: The present study is a based on some plant extracts, which can be used for preparation of mosquito repellents. There are many hazardous effects of synthetic repellents are seen on our health. This work is particularly focused to create such repellents which contain only natural substances and have no hazardous side effects on the human health. Methods: The leaf extracts of Neem (Azadirachta indica), Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), Rui (Calotropis gigantea), Durva grass (Cynodon dactylon), Ashoka (Saraca asoca) and additional to this Cow urine & cow dung, Neem oil, distilled water, wax and Whatmann filter paper-1 were used. By using these all, dhoop stick, extract cards etc. were prepared and their antimosquito activity and antibacterial activities are also studied. Results: The natural repellents prepared by using given methodology have satisfactory anti mosquito as well as antimicrobial potential. Conclusion: The study revealed that these mosquito repellents have no side effect on human health. Beside this, these repellents are very cheap and can be easily prepared by common man.