Under-nutrition and associated factors among children on ART in Southern Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study (original) (raw)
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Research Square (Research Square), 2021
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2019
Background: Undernutrition results from insufficient food intake and repeated infectious diseases. Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection and malnutrition often coexist, which increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. Despite this fact, HIV-positive children are often overlooked, and their nutritional status has not been well studied in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of undernutrition and its associated factors among pediatric age children attending Antiretroviral Therapy in selected public hospitals of Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2018. Three hundred seventy six HIV-positive children aged 2-15 years were selected through simple random sampling technique. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect the data through an interview method in a local language. Nutritional status was assessed using WHO growth standard values, using the WHO Anthro for childre...
Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics
Background: Over half of the children living with HIV/AIDS suffer from severe acute malnutrition especially in countries having food insecurity like Ethiopia. However, determinants of severe acute malnutrition among HIV-positive children receiving care and treatment in antiretroviral therapy clinics in Ethiopia are not abundantly investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the determinants of severe acute malnutrition among HIV-positive children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in public health institutions of the North Wollo Zone, Northeastern Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional-based unmatched case-control study was conducted on 204 under-fifteen, HIV-positive children (68 cases and 136 controls). The data were collected by reviewing medical records and by interviewing attendants. Binary and multiple logistic regressions were employed, and odds ratio with 95%CI was used to interpret results. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as a significant difference between cases and controls for the exposure variable of interest. Results: A total of 204 under-fifteen, HIV-positive children were included in this study. Of them, 49.5% were males. About 79.4% of those children had acquired HIV infection through vertical transmission. Poor adherence to ART Adj-OR: 5.72 (1.08-30.27), duration on ART Adj-OR: 5.54 (1.44-21.24), severe immunodeficiency Adj-OR: 6.41 (1.09-37.86), advanced WHO clinical stage Adj-OR: 3.58 (1.03-12.43), oropharyngeal disease Adj-OR: 4.72 (1.13-19.73) and chronic diarrhea Adj-OR: 3.98 (1.05-15.04) were identified to be determinants of SAM in those children. Conclusion: Determinant factors for SAM among HIV-positive children were chronic diarrhea, severe immunodeficiency, duration and adherence to ART, oropharyngeal disease and advanced WHO clinical stage. Therefore, it is better if interventions are developed and implemented to address these identified factors.
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.10\_Issue.5\_May2020/IJHSR\_Abstract.010.html, 2020
Undernutrition and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection are closely interlinked worldwide public health problems. The problems are worsening one another subjecting individuals to low quality of life. Studies from different parts of the world reported differing magnitude of low anthropometric status of HIV infected children and identified study setting specific determinants. Evidences are also limited especially in case of children above five years. Thus, this study aimed to assess nutritional status and associated factors among HIV positive 6 months to fourteen years children. Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted on 455 HIV infected children aged 6months to 14 years. Weight and height/length measurements were taken. Background, dietary and clinical data were collected from caretakers and child's medical record. Z-scores of nutritional status indicators were generated using WHO-Anthro and Anthro plus software. Logistic regression analyses was used to identify factors associated with nutritional status of HIV infected children.
BMC Pediatrics
Background Malnutrition associated with HIV infection is a complex condition, with HIV-positive children having a higher mortality rate than HIV-negative children, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in children. Data from a variety of situations are needed to counter this, but the evidence is limited, especially for the nutritional status of HIV-infected children. Therefore, this study aims to assess the magnitude of underweight and factors associated with it in children receiving antiretroviral therapy. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-positive children in South Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and anthropometry measurement. Data were coded and entered into Epi-Data Version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS Version 25. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with nutritional status and variables with p-val...
BMC Research Notes
Objective: The main aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of malnutrition and associated factors among HIV infected children in Amhara Regional State, and Northwest Ethiopia. This study is a result of single observation. Results: A total of 372 study participant were interviewed, of which 60.2%, 95% CI (55.90-65.60) were malnourished. Children who had good individual dietary diversity were 53% times less likely malnourished as compared to children who had fair/poor dietary diversity (AOR = 0.474, 95% CI (0.26, 0.86)). Sex of child, Age of the child, undiversified diet, comorbidity disease, oral ulcer, diarrhea and history of hospital admission were found statically significant associated with malnutrition. Magnitudes of malnutrition among HIV infected children were very high. The early detection and control progression of HIV, closely follow up to intervene this situation is highly recommended.
International Journal of Pediatrics
Malnutrition and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome have complex and multidirectional relationships. Ethiopia is one of the countries hardest hit by the HIV epidemic as well as malnutrition. This study was aimed at assessing the effects of undernutrition on the survival status of HIV-positive children who received HIV/AIDS care in Northwest Ethiopia. Materials and Methods. A facility-based retrospective follow-up was conducted from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2020. The data was entered into EpiData version 4.2.0. Then, the entered data was exported to STATA 14 software for further analysis, and the Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to estimate survival time after the initiation of ART. The Bivariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of mortality associated with undernutrition. Results. The mean (±SD) age of participant children was found 118.4 (±38.24) months. The overall mortality rate in this study...
HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care, 2021
Background: More than a quarter of people living with human immune virus had increased burden of malnutrition leading to poor disease progression and survival. However, evidence on predictors for episodes of malnutrition is limited despite its importance for targeted interventions. This paper assessed the episodes of undernutrition and its predictors among HIV-positive adults on treatment in southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study using secondary data was conducted among 519 randomly selected records of adult clients on antiretroviral treatment. Malnutrition was assessed using the records of weight and height at different points of follow-up (0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of ART follow-up). Analysis of variance, covariance, and spaghetti plot were done to compare the mean change in body mass index. To assess predictors of malnutrition episodes, a linear mixed model was used with parameter estimate with 95% confidence interval and P-values were estimated via maximum likelihood method. Akaike's information criteria was used for model fitness. Results: A total of 480 records were reviewed with a mean age of 36 years (±9 years). A total of 354 (73.8%) and 34.6% of clients got dietary counseling and support, respectively. Statistically significant improvement in mean BMI after initiating treatment (P-value=0.0001) was observed. Being male (β=−0.72; P=0.044), having problems of eating difficulty (β=−1.61; P=0.0001), anemia (β=−1.51; P=0.003), shorter follow-up intervals (β=0.04; P=0.129), not getting nutritional counseling (β=0.63; P=0.32), and diarrheal disease (β=−0.04; P=0.129) were predictors of undernutrition. Conclusion: Improvement in nutritional status after initiation of ART was seen. The presence of eating disorder, anemia, not getting nutritional counseling, and the short followup interval predict undernutrition.
2021
Background: Almost 1.9 billion adults worldwide are overweight or obese, while 462 million are underweight. These are primarily found in countries with low and middle-incomes, like Ethiopia. Under nutrition is the frequent health problem among peoples living with HIV/AIDS, however no large-scale research, including a number of health facilities has been conducted in Ethiopia. So this study aimed to assess the nutritional status and under nutrition related factors among HIV/AIDS patients attending ART follow-up in public hospitals of Bench Sheko zones, south west, Ethiopia.Methods: In November/2020, a cross-sectional facility study design was carried out in all public hospitals in the Bench Sheko zone. To pick the study participants, a systematic sampling technique was used. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews and entered into Epi-data 3.1, then exported to SPSS version 24 for statistical analysis. In order to identify the candidate and independent determinants of under-n...
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.8\_Issue.11\_Nov2018/IJHSR\_Abstract.033.html, 2018
Background: Approximately 70 percent of children live in Africa where food insecurity and undernutrition are endemic. Even though underlying undernutrition makes difficulty to combat HIV/AIDS, the factors of this underlying problem is not still well known. Objective: To assess Magnitude of stunting, thinness and associated factors among pediatric age group (<15 years) HIV positive children who are on chronic HIV care and support follows up at AHMC, Adama, Ethiopia 2017. Method and Materials: Institution based cross sectional study design was employed using quantitative methods on 412 children (< 15 years) in Adama Hospital Medical College who are on chronic Anti Retroviral Therapy care and support. WHO Anthros plus 2010 software was used to analyze the anthropometric indices. Bivariate and multivariable Logistic regression with the 95% confidence interval was computed and interpreted. P-value <0.05 was declared as statistically significant. Result: A total of 412 children included in the study. Stunting among children on chronic HIV care and support is low (13.4%) but thinness is very high (21.8%). On Multivariable logistic regression and BMI for age analysis, variables like Male Sex (AOR, 1.99; 95% CI: 1.19, 3.32) and Problem of eating (AOR, 2.2; 95% CI: 1.19, 4.11),Age greater than 10 years (AOR, 0.24; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.73) and Monthly income of care giver (AOR, 0.40; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.79) shows significant association with thinness and Parental status (AOR, 0.26; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.80), Presence of opportunistic infection (AOR, 4.495% CI: 1.97, 9.89) and dietary pattern (AOR, 5.40; 95% CI: 1.20, 24.22) were significantly associated with stunting. Conclusion and Recommendation: Stunting among children on chronic HIV care and support is low (13.4%) but thinness is very high (21.8%). Factors like Sex, Age, Monthly income of care givers and eating problem were significantly associated with thinning and Parental status, presence of opportunistic infection and dietary pattern were significantly associated with stunting. Health care givers and program managers should work prevention of opportunistic diseases and dietary pattern counseling especially for male children at adolescent age children should work on income generation of care givers.