Applications of Specific NDT Methods for Pipeline Inspection and Testing (original) (raw)

NDT-In Service Inspection; Training and certification aspects

2018

A wide range of engineering plant is subject to periodic in-service inspection in order to ensure continuous, safe and cost-effective operation by using fracture mechanics and risk-based assessments. Non-destructive testing (NDT) is an integral part of this critical assessment process and as a result, the demand for reliable in-service NDT inspections in terms of detectability and sizing accuracy is continuously increasing. The most conventional degradation mechanisms such as corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, thermal or fatigue cracking differ significantly from manufacturing flaws; their detection, quantification and accurate sizing by NDT methods require different techniques, equipment and sensitivity settings. ISO 9712 specifies in-service inspection as one of the certification sectors; however, effectiveness of the NDT inspectors on utilising the required techniques and detecting the service-induced flaws is often debatable. In this work, the cause for this ineffectiveness i...

Recent Trends in Industrial and Other Engineering Applications of Non Destructive Testing: A Review

PROD: Simulation (Topic), 2013

The field of NDT is a very broad, interdisciplinary field that plays a critical role in inspecting that structural component and systems perform their function in a reliable fashion. Certain standards has been also implemented to assure the reliability of the NDT tests and prevent certain errors due to either the fault in the equipment used, the miss application of the methods or the skill and the knowledge of the inspectors. Successful NDT tests allow locating and characterizing material conditions and flaws that might otherwise cause planes to crash, reactors to fail, trains to derail, pipelines to burst, and variety of less visible, but equally troubling events. However, these techniques generally require considerable operator skill and interpreting test results accurately may be difficult because the results can be subjective. This paper presents the reviews of different works in the area of NDT and tries to find out latest developments and trends available in industries and oth...

Inspection Replacement in Heavy Construction: New Regulations and Old NDT Methods

2006

Over the last decades a large number of new NDT techniques have emerged. They have again and again proven to be very cost effective, more reliable in detection probability and reproducibility and a big improvement on the side of total efficiency of the construction process. Still their acceptance in the market has so far been reluctantly. The reluctance is best represented by the fact that the majority of construction projects, where replacement was successfully executed, is still or again being done with radiography. This despite the inherent difficulties of radiation and a photographic process. This article explores three cases of replacing radiography with ultrasonic inspection. The examples are the construction of pipelines, heavy pressure vessels and LNG storage tanks. For each case, the regulatory background, drivers for technology change, technical challenges in the implementation and benefits and concerns in retrospect will be addressed. Also the reasons for the reluctant ma...

Analysis on error distribution of In-Line inspection in oil and gas pipelines (Atena Editora)

Analysis on error distribution of In-Line inspection in oil and gas pipelines (Atena Editora), 2023

Las inspecciones en línea no destructivas se vuelven cada vez más comunes para la evaluación de la integridad de la tubería y el procedimiento de adecuación al propósito. Una práctica estándar incluye una validación de los datos de inspección comparándolos con datos de pruebas no destructivas directas en sitios seleccionados después de la excavación. La comparación generalmente se basa en el tipo y tamaño del defecto y las fallas. Una vez que se validan los datos, se pueden usar para evaluar la integridad de la tubería directamente mediante algún modelo determinista. Algunos modelos probabilísticos pueden predecir mejor el crecimiento del defecto y, por lo tanto, el futuro de la integridad de la tubería con mayor precisión. Generalmente, este tipo de modelos depende de la distribución del error de medición de la inspección en línea, por lo que este trabajo se centra en el análisis de las distribuciones de error a través de 6 conjuntos de datos de inspección en línea y datos de medición de campo no destructivos directos.Para este análisis se empleó la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov y se verificaron las distribuciones Normal, Lognormal, Gamma y Exponencial para obtener la mejor distribución. El objetivo final del análisis es ofrecer evidencia para desarrollar un modelo probabilístico para la predicción de la velocidad de corrosión.

Study of Defect Characteristics Essential for NDT Testing

2000

SKI Project Number 98267 This report concerns a study which has been conducted for the Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate (SKI). The conclusions and viewpoints presented in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily coincide with those of the SKI. This paper presents results from a literature review of defect characteristics essential for non-destructive testing (NDT). Most of the major NDT methods are included in the study- ultrasonic testing (UT), radiography (RT) and eddy current testing (ET). The study was performed by means of searching in scientific databases, technical journals, conference proceedings etc. Mainly, the following databases were used: CHANS