Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence: Ethics for Smart Cities (original) (raw)
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AI ETHICS IN POLICY AND ACTION: city governance of algorithmic decision systems
2021
As digitalisation advances, cities are increasingly embracing the use of algorithmic tools to improve efficiency when allocating resources, face structural challenges such as climate change and deliver better and faster services to citizens. Some of these benefits are already being felt. The city of Fuengirola in Spain uses artificial intelligence (AI) to improve public health by monitoring the capacity of its beaches, allowing local authorities to prevent overcrowding. The cities of New Jersey (USA) and Stara Gora (Bulgaria), meanwhile, are testing smart traffic light systems to prevent congestion, improve road safety and reduce pollution.
Artificial Intelligence, Ethics of
Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, 2022
This is a short encyclopedia entry on the ethics of artificial intelligence, written for the Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, and published here: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6730-0\_1093-1
A Suggestion on the Ethics in Artificial Intelligence
Hanyang Law Review, 2020
A Suggestion on the Ethics in Artificial Intelligence Yong Eui Kim Now and in the future, AI is inevitable and necessary for our lives in almost every respect. There are many aspects and consequences our use of AI and the AI itself (as an independent actor in the future) generate, some of which are good, valuable as intended and desired by us human beings, but some of which are bad, harmful, or dangerous whether it is intended or not. Ever since AI was started to be used, there has been a variety of discussions on the ethics which may work as guidelines for the regulation of its development and use. Some of the ethics have not yet become enforceable norm and some others exist already as a part of regulation enforceable under the power of governments. The designers or developers of such ethics are diverse from an individual to international organizations. Almost all of the AI Ethics are not sufficiently satisfying the requirements, needs, and hopes of the society members not only local level, but, national or international level. They lack something in ensuring to make all the stake-holders’ participation in developing the ethics and to achieve such key objectives as the accountability, explainability, traceability, no-bias, and privacy protection in the development, use, and improvement of AI. Based upon the review and analysis of the currently available AI Ethics, this article tries to find and suggest a method to design, develop, and improve continuously the AI Ethics through the National AI Ethics Platform where all the relevant stake-holders participate and exchange ideas and opinions together with the AI itself as a device to help, with its great capacity to deal with big data, all the processing and operation of the ethics through simulations utilizing all the input data provided by the participants and the situations surrounding the participants not in a static mode but a dynamic continuing mode.
Artificial Intelligence and the City: Urbanistic Perspectives on AI
Cugurullo, F., Caprotti, F., Cook, M., Karvonen, A., McGuirk, P., & Marvin, S. (Eds.). (2023). Artificial Intelligence and the City: Urbanistic Perspectives on AI. Routledge, 2023
This book explores in theory and practice how artificial intelligence (AI) intersects with and alters the city. Drawing upon a range of urban disciplines and case studies, the chapters reveal the multitude of repercussions that AI is having on urban society, urban infrastructure, urban governance, urban planning and urban sustainability. Contributors also examine how the city, far from being a passive recipient of new technologies, is influencing and reframing AI through subtle processes of co-constitution. The book advances three main contributions and arguments: First, it provides empirical evidence of the emergence of a post-smart trajectory for cities in which new material and decision-making capabilities are being assembled through multiple AIs. Second, it stresses the importance of understanding the mutually constitutive relations between the new experiences enabled by AI technology and the urban context. Third, it engages with the concepts required to clarify the opaque relations that exist between AI and the city, as well as how to make sense of these relations from a theoretical perspective. Artificial Intelligence and the City offers a state-of-the-art analysis and review of AI urbanism, from its roots to its global emergence. It cuts across several disciplines and will be a useful resource for undergraduates and postgraduates in the fields of urban studies, urban planning, geography, architecture, urban design, science and technology studies, sociology and politics.
IJERT-Ethics in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2020
https://www.ijert.org/ethics-in-artificial-intelligence-and-machine-learning https://www.ijert.org/research/ethics-in-artificial-intelligence-and-machine-learning-IJERTCONV8IS05055.pdf Artificial Intelligence (AI), a field of computer science enabling computers to be better than humans at traditionally human tasks, is a developing field and hence it is of utmost importance to establish a guideline for ethical practices going forward. It can be used ethically to maximize quality of life in every aspect such as health-care, transport and city planning. However, unethically, it can be used to gather data and spy on individuals violating their personal space, as an enabler of an Orwellian state and as a means of war. Action needs to be taken now to ensure AI is used ethically. We describe some ethical and unethical uses cases and propose some laws and regulations to ensure ethical use of AI in the future.
Yigitcanlar, T., & Cugurullo, F. (2020). The sustainability of artificial intelligence: An urbanistic viewpoint from the lens of smart and sustainable cities. Sustainability, 12(20), 8548., 2020
The popularity and application of artificial intelligence (AI) are increasing rapidly all around the world - where, in simple terms, AI is a technology which mimics the behaviors commonly associated with human intelligence. Today, various AI applications are being used in areas ranging from marketing to banking and finance, from agriculture to healthcare and security, from space exploration to robotics and transport, and from chatbots to artificial creativity and manufacturing. More recently, AI applications have also started to become an integral part of many urban services. Urban artificial intelligences manage the transport systems of cities, run restaurants and shops where every day urbanity is expressed, repair urban infrastructure, and govern multiple urban domains such as traffic, air quality monitoring, garbage collection, and energy. In the age of uncertainty and complexity that is upon us, the increasing adoption of AI is expected to continue, and so its impact on the sustainability of our cities. This viewpoint explores and questions the sustainability of AI from the lens of smart and sustainable cities, and generates insights into emerging urban artificial intelligences and the potential symbiosis between AI and a smart and sustainable urbanism. In terms of methodology, this viewpoint deploys a thorough review of the current status of AI and smart and sustainable cities literature, research, developments, trends, and applications. In so doing, it contributes to existing academic debates in the fields of smart and sustainable cities and AI. In addition, by shedding light on the uptake of AI in cities, the viewpoint seeks to help urban policymakers, planners, and citizens make informed decisions about a sustainable adoption of AI.
The idea for this handbook arose in late 2017, with the working title Handbook of Ethics of AI in Context. By the time solicitations went out to potential contributors in the summer of 2018, its title had been streamlined to Handbook of Ethics of AI. Its essentially contextual approach, however, remained unchanged: it is a broadly conceived and framed interdisciplinary and international collection, designed to capture and shape much-needed reflection on normative frameworks for the production, application, and use of artificial intelligence in diverse spheres of individual, commercial, social, and public life.
The urban ethics of an AI-powered planetary urbanization
2020
By 2100, the world may be entirely urbanized with every person living in cities. This imminent reality of planetary urbanization is likely to entail drastic environmental, economic, and social changes, all of which in turn are likely to impact the nature of human relations and their interactions in cities. Urban ethics is, therefore, concerned with the question of what ought to be the proper relations between people flourishing in the city? This question is presently compounded by the rise of the ‘smarter smart cities’, where urban technologies are enabled by artificial intelligence (AI) that can sense, track, learn, predict, and attempt to control human behaviors. The rapid confluence of these three developments, namely, planetary urbanization, urban ethics, and the AI-powered smart city, reveals an under-explored scenario pregnant with new social promises yet laced with many moral hazards. In this article, the following scenario, which is bounded by the following three vectors, wi...
Viewpoint: A Critical View on Smart Cities and AI
AI developments on smart cities, if not critical, risk making a flawed urban model more efficient. Instead, we suggest that AI should challenge the mainstream techno-optimistic approach to solving urban problems by dialoguing with other academic fields, questioning the dominant urban paradigm, and creating transformative solutions. We claim that doing differently, rather than doing better, may be smarter for cities and the common good.