Public-Private Partnerships in Urban Solid Waste Management: Assessing the „Enabling‟ and „Constraining Factors‟ in Developing Countries (original) (raw)
Related papers
Public-private partnerships in urban solid waste management: A review
International Journal for Advance Research and Development, 2018
This paper is on Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) in Solid waste management. After the bubonic plague in 1994, India tried to improve on its Solid Waste Management. The magnitude of funds required for in this area cannot be financed by the public sector alone. The private sector, therefore, has to play a major role in this sector. This paper followed the following trajectory in the understanding PPP in Solid Waste Management. First, it gives an overview of SWM in India, Second it talks about how the concept changed over time. Third, it gives the rationale for PPP in SWM. Fourth, it also issues and the different kinds of projects under SWM. Finally, it discusses the key considerations and conclusion.
THE ROLE OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MSASANI WARD, DAR ES SALAAM
THE ROLE OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MSASANI WARD, DAR ES SALAAM, 2021
The traditional way of procuring public infrastructure and services through fiscal budgets is increasingly becoming unviable particularly in developing economies in view of the endemic budget deficits. Macroeconomic instability and growing investment requirements have shown that public financing is limited, volatile and often inefficient (Chege, 2001). This has necessitated the consideration of public private partnerships (PPP) which studies suggest constitute a viable option and may even dominate infrastructure and service delivery in developing countries in the years to come (Rwelamila, 2004). However, the performance of PPP in developing countries especially Sub-Saharan Africa does not seem to reflect this optimism especially in the context of local governments. Public private partnerships (PPPs) refer to arrangements for the procurement of goods and services utilizing franchising and similar arrangement with the private sector; the private sector is contracted to provide public goods and services on behalf of government (Regan, 2005). In essence the private entity becomes the long-term provider of services while government becomes the purchaser of the services (Grout, 2003; Ahadzi, 2004).
Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to use relevant models and theories to conceptualize the prospects and challenges associated with private sector involvement in the provision of sanitation and environmental services in urban settlements of developing African economies. Design/methodology/approach: The study adopts the public choice theory and principal-agent model in its conceptualization and analysis. Retrospective literature analysis within the qualitative research approach has been employed for the study. It draws extensively on existing classical theoretical and current empirical literature on privatisation of urban sanitation services. Findings: The study observes that privatization is a necessary tool for enhancing quality and responsive sanitation service delivery but there must be some mechanisms to prevent any latent challenges. The study also observes that the same problems associated with the public sector could transcend into the private sector if key measures are not taken into consideration. Practical implications: The process of privatizing or contracting out must ensure competition, enough communication to all stakeholders as well as involving expertise in the bidding process. The process also requires strict monitoring and supervision; these call for an appropriate legal framework to regulate privatization. The paper reminds urban administrators to be circumspect in the privatization process. Social implications: If the process of privatisation is carried out effectively, urban sanitation services will be provided effectively and efficiently which will reduce the 21st Century perennial outbreak of environment related illness such as cholera in African communities. Originality/value: The paper adapts the public choice and principal-agent model to assess privatisation processes in developing African countries. This study will be of importance to urban administrators, public officials and policy makers in general. Keywords: Africa, private sector, urban sanitation, environmental services, privatization
Public-Private Partnership Approach to Governance of Solid Waste Management Program of Batangas City
— This research intended to determine the performance of the PPP Approach to governance in the Solid Waste Management Program of Batangas City. It utilized descriptive research design involving 393 urban and rural households. The tasks of solid waste collection and disposal were given to a private contractor based on a mutually agreed Terms of Reference. The PPP approach was found efficient in terms of cost efficiency, quick response time, manpower, and minimization of backlogs and effective in four dimensions – promptness, sustainability, equity and progressiveness, and ineffective on adequacy. Rural residents viewed the PPP approach as ineffective in terms of said dimensions. There is significant difference between the perception of urban and rural residents on the effectiveness of the PPP approach. The results of this study would seem to suggest that in developing countries, like the Philippines, it might be necessary to tap the private sector to partner with local government units, so that the management of solid wastes could be done in a more efficient and a more effective way.
This study was conducted in Dodoma municipality at very populated ward of Majengo in Dodoma region. The objective of this study was to assess the contribution of public-private partnership (PPP) towards sustainable Municipal solid wastes management (MSWM). The aim of this study was therefore to find out if, how and why the involvement of the private sector has led to better municipal solid waste management in Dodoma municipal especially at Majengo ward. The study used purposive sampling method and data collection tool was key informant interview, direct observation and questionnaire where by data from 18 respondents were gathered. 16 experts on municipal solid wastes management were interviewed face to face and 2 questionnaires were sent to some officials. The study reveals that that the government capability in monitoring the solid wastes is not good enough. For the overall data obtained from response of solid wastes expertise from private and public sectors. 61% of them blamed government to be incapable in monitoring activities while 39% showed that government is capable in monitoring and management of the solid wastes activities in the locality. That shows that capability of government in monitoring solid wastes activities is very low. Public private partnership was recommended as the best alternative way for sustainable solid wastes management for 100% of all respondents. Opportunity of PPP is doubtable, for Well invested private sectors and government authorities perceives as an opportunity while the community based organizations (CBO’S) perceive as a problem to them because CBO’S work under unfavorable conditions.
Partnerships for solid waste management in developing countries: linking theories to realities
Habitat International, 2004
Both public and private sectors are active in management of solid waste in developing countries. There is an emerging trend in encouraging the private sector to enter into solid waste management (SWM) operations, and attempts are being made to formally link the public and private sector operators. Such linkages may improve the efficiency of the entire sector and create new opportunities for employment. However, any change in the present order may inevitably affect the lives of millions of most vulnerable and marginalised population in the cities of the developing counties-both as users and providers of the service. It is worth revisiting the fundamentals of partnerships from the perspective of relevant theories. Two pertinent sociological theories, functionalism and general systems, view institutions as composed of interdependent parts that must adapt to survive in a changing world. The economic theory of property rights assigns rights of ownership as the reason for the private sector to excel. Economists also argue that hybrid organisations composed of both public and private sector hold a great deal of promise. These hybrid sector organisations provide a means to combine the efficiency and expertise of the business world with public interest, accountability and broader planning of government. These new organisations are important as alternatives, not replacing the existing order, but balancing the roles played by the public and private sector agencies. The competition theory of management science may be adapted to the concept of complementation in place of the traditional view of competition. This theory explores the values of cooperation among organisations to best exploit the comparative advantage of each. In the light of above theories, this paper analyses the possibilities for public/private partnership using the example of SWM as a sub-sector. The paper discusses necessary conditions for harnessing optimal benefits from this arrangement. Poorly designed attempts for partnership may actually worsen the situation by opening new avenues of inefficiency and corruption. Other caveats and barriers for integration are also presented.
2004
Public-private partnerships are increasingly being promoted in Tanzania and the central argument of this paper is that institutional framework of a given local authority determines the nature and character of the formation and operational performance of such partnerships. The paper focuses on the public-private partnerships established in the area of solid waste management in the City of Dar-es-Salaam, and more specifically on the incentives, constraints and transaction costs that affect garbage collection and disposal in the City. The paper concludes that there has been noticeable, albeit constrained, improvement in garbage collection and disposal in Dar-es-Salaam. The public-private partnerships would, however, benefit from improvements in by-laws, contractual arrangements, enforcement of by-laws and higher public awareness.
Public-Private Partnerships for Solid Waste Management Services
Environmental Management, 2002
The increasing cost of municipal solid waste (MSW) management has led local governments in numerous countries to examine if this service is best provided by the public sector or can better be provided by the private sector. Publicprivate partnerships have emerged as a promising alternative to improve MSW management performance with privately owned enterprises often outperforming publicly owned ones. In Lebanon, several municipalities are transforming waste management services from a public service publicly provided into a public service privately contracted. In this context, a regulated private market for MSW management services is essential. The present study examines a recent experience of the private sector participation in MSW management in the Greater Beirut Area. The results of a field survey concerning public perception of solid waste management are presented. Analysis of alternatives for private sector involvement in waste management is considered and management approaches are outlined.
Solid Waste Management System: Public-Private Partnership, the Best System for Developing Countries
Solid waste management (SWM) is a major public health and environmental concern in urban areas of many developing countries. Nairobi's solid waste situation, which could be taken to generally represent the status which is largely characterized by low coverage of solid waste collection, pollution from uncontrolled dumping of waste, inefficient public services, unregulated and uncoordinated private sector and lack of key solid waste management infrastructure. This paper recapitulates on the public-private partnership as the best system for developing countries; challenges, approaches, practices or systems of SWM, and outcomes or advantages to the approach; the literature review focuses on surveying information pertaining to existing waste management methodologies, policies, and research relevant to the SWM. Information was sourced from peer-reviewed academic literature, grey literature, publicly available waste management plans, and through consultation with waste management professionals. Literature pertaining to SWM and municipal solid waste minimization, auditing and management were searched for through online journal databases, particularly Web of Science, and Science Direct. Legislation pertaining to waste management was also researched using the different databases. Additional information was obtained from grey literature and textbooks pertaining to waste management topics. After conducting preliminary research, prevalent references of select sources were identified and scanned for additional relevant articles. Research was also expanded to include literature pertaining to recycling, composting, education, and case studies; the manuscript summarizes with future recommendationsin terms collaborations of public/ private patternships, sensitization of people, privatization is important in improving processes and modernizing urban waste management, contract private sector, integrated waste management should be encouraged, provisional government leaders need to alter their mind set, prepare a strategic, integrated SWM plan for the cities, enact strong and adequate legislation at city and national level, evaluate the real impacts of waste management systems, utilizing locally based solutions for SWM service delivery and design, location, management of the waste collection centersand recycling and compositing activities should be encouraged.
Environmental Research and Technology, 2019
In Tanzania only 40% of solid wastes in urbanized areas are collected and transported to the dumping sites. The remaining 60% are illegally disposed along road sides, sewage canals and reserved open spaces that contribute to floods and breeding of rodent vectors that eventually spread diseases such as intestinal schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminths. Public Private Partnership (PPP) has been adopted to address Solid Waste Management (SWM) in various countries and yielded robust results. However the PPP model has not been effective for Tanzania since its initiation in 1995. Therefore this paper examined factors influencing performance of PPPs in SWM at Kinondoni municipality. A cross sectional survey was employed to collect data that was analyzed using descriptive and multiple regression model. Findings showed that poor monitoring and evaluation practices influenced poor performance of PPP in SWM. Moreover, low capacity of the contracted companies, limited accessibility of residential areas and weak enforcement of laws and regulations governing solid waste management had negative influence at 0.05 significant levels. The study recommends the system should establish regular plan in combination with imprompt monitoring to eliminate the effect of possible falsified compliance. Furthermore, the municipal council has to improve town settlements to access the households easily for SWM. Lastly research on end use products of the waste should look at the technical, economic viability of the waste markets for the products processed from the waste for mitigating public health risks associated with SWM.