Effect of some plant extracts on the population of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, the causal organism of lentil wilt (original) (raw)
Plant Protection Science
This study evaluated the antifungal activity of essential oils (EOs) against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris Padwick (FOC) and their effects in inducing systemic resistance in chickpeas. The EOs chemical composition was analysed by GC-MS. Carvacrol, geraniol and 1,8-cineole were the major constituents in thyme, lemongrass and laurel EOs. The latter showed effective antifungal activity against FOC. In vivo tests revealed that thyme and lemongrass EOs were also very effective in reducing the severity in chickpeas and reached an inhibition rate of 99.3 and 88.9%, respectively. Chickpea resistance is mostly attributed to phenolic compounds accumulation. The highest content of polyphenols was obtained with thyme (22.7 to 57.5 mg/g). The studied EOs could be used as promising antifungal agents in preventing the occurrence of Fusarium wilt in chickpeas.
Journal of AgriSearch, 2021
In Vitro and In Vivo studies on the efficacy of fungicides and biopesticides. Among the fungicides, in Carbedazim to the most effective as they have inhibited the mycelia growth completely of the test fungus, and Benomyl, Topsin - M, Ridomil,Vitavax were found the next best in inhibiting the mycelial growth of the pathogen up to 92.11% to 83.46% respectively. Sadabahar was least effective plant extracts which causes 42 mm of radial growth and inhibited the growth of the only 19.23%. In Vivo condition the maximum seed germination (95.50% and 95.33%), minimum wilt incidence (5.16% and 3.65%) and highest grain yield (10.50 q/ha and 10.35 q/ha) was found seed treatment with Carbendazim (0.2%). Among the test plant extracts Tulsi was lested effective, which show the minimum seed germination (80.00% and 77.50%), maximum wilt incidence (15.70% and 14.10%), and lowest grain yield (3.92 q/ha and 4.17 q/ha).
International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 2018
The aim of this study is to investigate preliminary antifungal activity of three essential oils by disc diffusion method, the essential oils of three plants used in traditional Sudanese medicine namely Mentha spicata (Lamiaceae), Cymbopogon schoenanthus L. (Poaceae), and Citrus reticulata (Rutaceae), was evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of selected phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (causing wilt in chick pea) and the standard fungi Aspergillus niger was used for comparison. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistilation using Clevenger apparatus. The experiment was carried out using disc diffusion method in different concentrations of essential oil on PDA culture at 25°C. The result showed essential oil of studied plants in all concentrations had completely inhibited growth for tested fungi.
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2017
The antifungal activity of twelve botanicals including commercial formulations of neem and garlic at 1, 2, 5 and 10% concentrations was tested against Fusarium oxysporum (i.e., Isolate Fo8) under in vitro conditions. The botanicals revealed marked reduction in mycelial growth and sporulation of the F. oxysporum isolate. Growth inhibition of F. oxysporum increased linearly with an increase in concentration of the botanicals. Among the botanicals, neem oil formulation (Nemazal) and garlic oil exhibited significant effect on the test fungus. The neem oil (Nemazal) and garlic oil at 10 per cent concentration completely inhibited the mycelial growth that was followed by mustard oil (69.26%), Datura (46.67%), Withania somnifera (34.44%), whereas, the effectiveness of rest of the leaf extracts viz., Chrysanthemum (30.37%), Duranta erecta (28.15%), Bougainvillea (26.30%), Clerodendron enerme (24.44%), Parthenium (20.37%), Cannabis sativa (18.52%) and Eucalyptus (16.30%) thereby indicating l...
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering, 2016
The antifungal effects of four essential oils viz., clove (Syzygium aromaticum), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), mint (Mentha × piperita) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) were evaluated against wilt causing fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici 1322. The inhibitory effect of oils showed dose-dependent activity on the tested fungus. Most active being the clove oil, exhibiting complete inhibition of mycelial growth and spore germination at 125 ppm with IC50 value of 18.2 and 0.3 ppm, respectively. Essential oils of lemongrass, mint and eucalyptus were inhibitory at relatively higher concentrations. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of clove oil was 31.25 ppm by broth microdilution method. Thirty one different compounds of clove oil, constituting approximately ≥99% of the oil, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis. The major components were eugenol (75.41%), E-caryophyllene (15.11%), α-humulene (3.78%) and caryophyllene oxide (1.13%). E...
Antifungal efficacy of plant essential oils against stored grain fungi of Fusarium spp
Journal of food science and technology, 2016
The control potential of seven plant essential oils was evaluated against Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg and Fusarium verticillioides Sheldon. The fungicidal activity was assessed through microtiter plate assay to determine the minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentration of essential oils. The essential oil of Mentha arvensis was adjudged as best for inhibiting the fungal growth, while oil of Thymus vulgaris and Anethum graveolens showed high efficacy in terms of fungicidal activity. The oil of M. arvensis and T. vulgaris also showed good inhibition activity in agar disc diffusion assay. M. arvensis essential oil was analysed for its composition using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealing menthol (63.18 %), menthone (15.08 %), isomenthyl acetate (5.50 %) and limonene (4.31 %) as major components. Significant activity of M. arvensis essential oil against F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides isolates obtained, pave the way for its use as antifungal control...
Antifungal Activity of Four Plant Essential Oils against Phytopathogenic Fungi Fusarium Oxysporum
—Fusarium oxysporum is an omnipresent fungus that includes both pathogenic and non-pathogenic members. The pathogenic strains are best known for causing fusarium wilt diseases of many economically important crops. Synthetic fungicides are the only method to control Fusarium wilts. However, owing to their adverse effects on humans and the environment they are being replaced with natural alternatives. The search of alternative fungicides has been focused on the use of natural compounds obtained from plant sources. These are less toxic and environmental friendly. In the present study the inhibitory effect of four essential oils (mentha, eucalyptus, orange and lemon grass) was investigated against F. oxysporum. Fungal growth inhibition bioassay was conducted to test the efficacy of essential oil (EO). Growth inhibition studies showed that all the essential oils were inhibited the fungus except orange oil which was not effective as compared to others. Lemongrass oil followed by mentha and eucalyptus oil were most potent. Lemon grass oil completely inhibited the growth of fungus in all the concentrations tested.
Infection, disease and managementof Fusarium wilt of lentil (Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. Lentis)
2020
Lentil crop suffers from a number of diseases. Among fungal diseases, wilt of lentil soil borne and endemic in nature causes heavy losses if susceptible varieties with infected seeds without proper treatment is grown year after year. The leaf extract of Aadirachhta indica and Lantana camara are found effective in inhibiting the growth of the pathogen and spore formation in vitro. The fungicides evaluated in vitro against the pathogen Bavistin and Vitavax completely inhibited the growth of the pathogen. Among the bio-agents Trichoderma viride was most effective in reducing the pathogen growth.The leaf extract of Aadirachhta indica and Lantana camara are found effective in inhibiting the growth of the pathogen and spore formation in vitro. Out of six fungicides evaluated in vitro against the pathogen Bavistin and Vitavax completely inhibited the growth of the pathogen. Among the bio-agents Trichoderma viride was most effective in reducing the pathogen growth.
Evaluation of chemicals for the management of lentil wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis
2018
The present investigation is on the evaluation of chemicals to see their effect on the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis, causing wilt disease of lentil crop. Fungal pathogen was evaluated in the laboratory by employing the Poisson Food Technology along with seed treatment to the lentil seeds was given for evaluation of the chemicals against the pathogen under in vivo conditions. Percent inhibition in the radial growth of mycelia of pathogen in the petri dish was used for evaluating the potential of chemicals in laboratory to manage pathogen growth and reduction in the disease incidence was recorded to see the effect of chemicals under field conditions. The eight chemicals namely Azoxystrobin, Propiconazole, Provax, Captaf, Carbendazim, Thiram, Raxil and Vitavax Power, were used against the pathogen. Among all the chemicals evaluated, Raxil was found most effective giving 100 percent mycelium inhibition in laboratory at 500ppm followed by 88.75 percent, Captaf (75%), Vitavax power (71%), Azoxystrobin (69.5%), Carbendazim (56.66%), Thiram (53.75%), Provax (37.5%) and control where no inhibiton of mycelium was observed. The seed treatment with the chemicals showed minimum disease incidence in case of Raxil treatment i.e.0.97 percent in the year 2016 and 0.87 percent in the year 2017, and the maximum disease incidence was recorded in case of seed control (9.23%). The present study concluded that there are several new chemicals those have the potential to manage the disease even in a lower concentrations.
Bioefficacy of plant extracts against Fusarium species causing wilt in pulses
IOSR Journal of Engineering, 2012
In vitro efficacy of different plant extracts viz. Bitter guard, Turmeric, Garlic and Black pepper has been tested to control both fusarial species viz. fusarium udum (causing wilt in pigeonpea) and fusarium oxysporum f.sp.ciceri (causing wilt in chickpea). Both pathogenic fungi have been isolated from infected plant parts and identified on the basis of their morphological and cultural characteristics. Different concentration i.e. 5%, 10% and 15% of plant extracts are taken in the swot. All the plant extracts showed considerable diminution in the growth of pathogens. Growth of fusarium udum has been reduced by 15% concentration of turmeric (89.2%) followed by garlic (88.26%) and black pepper (82.22%). In case of fusarium oxysporum f.sp.ciceri, 15% concentration of garlic, turmeric and black pepper reduced the growth upto 94.63%, 87.96% and 77.74% (at p< 0.01) respectively. From the above observations it can be postulated that growth of both the pathogens has been significantly reduced (at p<0.01) by garlic and turmeric extracts followed by extract of black pepper. The bitter guard extract is found least effective against both the pathogens at all concentrations. In addition to this 10% concentration of garlic and turmeric is also found effective against both the pathogens.