Effect of temperature and some media and biotic factors on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis, and its mode of seed transmission (original) (raw)
Legume Research- An International Journal, Volume 47 Issue 3: 455-462 (March), 2024
Background: Lentil is a vital nutritional source of protein in several parts of the world including India. The crop is susceptible to wilt which is a devastating soil-borne disease induced by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis. Insight of the potential threat Fusarium wilt can pose to lentils, a present study done on pathogenicity, host range and influence of temperature, humidity and pH levels on the growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis. Methods: Ten isolates FOL-01 to FOL-10 of F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis (Fol) were isolated from wilted lentil plants that collected from different major lentil growing parts of Rajasthan. During 2017-18 a pathogenicity test was tested in pot house condition by seed and soil inoculation techniques for all isolates and epidomological factors evaluated in vitro conditions. Result: Results indicated that the Fol isolates represent a single race but differ in their aggressiveness on the susceptible cultivar L9-12. Pathogenicity test revealed clearly that Fol was associated with wilt symptoms and were pathogenic to lentil plants. A maximum percent disease incidence of 70.00 was showed by isolate FOL-02 in soil inoculation technique. In the morphological and cultural characterization, all the ten isolates showed various character in conidial frequency, colony color and growth pattern. Twenty plant species were tested to know the host range of Fol, out of these lentil, chickpea and pea show positive reaction with the pathogen. The influence of temperature, relative humidity and pH on the growth and sporulation of Fol was studied under in vitro conditions. Maximum mycelial growth and sporulation of the Fol were observed at 30C, 6.0 pH and 60% relative humidity.
In arrange to verify the pathogenic character of isolated fungus F. oxysporum the (f.sp Cepa) the pathogenicity test was conductod on commonly growing onion varioty Hazari by root and shoot infestation method. In general these methods of inoculation showed substantial impact on disease development and plant growth. Onion germinalion was significanty reduced in pots either inoculated by shoot or root infestation method as compared to the un-inoculated plants (control). However, root infestation method caused maximum reduction in plant germmation (60%) followod by shoot infestation method (39% as comparod to control). Similar trend were also observd in plant mortality, where highest plant mortality were recorded in root infestation method as compared to control (28%). Significant differences were also observed between plant growth in inoculated and un-inoculated plants. The plant growth parameters were also significantly varied with method of inoculation. Minimum root length were recorded in shoot infestation method (5.34 cm) as compared to control (10.74 cm).Similarly minimum root weight were recordod in root infestation method (1776 mg) followed by shoot infestation method (1296 mg) as compared to control (0,22 mg). Reisolation of the inoculated fungus was confirmed as of pathogenic nature F. oxysporum was re-isolated significantly in higher frequency in root infestation method (84.78%) as compared to shoot infestation method also showed some infection of F. oxysporum (10%). It could be either due to the soil-bome nature of the F oxysporum or as a result of secondary infection from inoculated plants. During the studies regarding the management it was found that the disease can be managed significantly through certain management strategies like by the use of Trichoderma verdii.
Journal of Phytopathology, 1986
The effect of different temperatures on mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. narcissi in liquid and on solid medium was compared. Differences between optimum and maximum temperatures using these substrates were considerable and, could lead to different interpretations of the parasitic growth of the pathogen in vascular tissues, for example, in liquid culture Fusarium grew at 45°C whereas it did not on solid media. Initially F. oxysporum f. sp. narcissi may, be encouraged to grow faster in warm air drying systems than those using lower temperatures. The rates of diffusion between 17°C and 35°C are not markedly different. The speed with which moisture is removed from the internal tissues of the remaining roots is governed more by air flow over the bulbs than by temperature.
Physiological studies of fungicide resistant and sensitive Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Spinaciae
2012
In vitro studies were conducted on the effect of temperature, pH and light levels on mycelial growth and spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae Sensitivity of 12 isolates were tested against Benomyl (50%WP) by food poisoning technique. Some of these isolates were resistant (NMU Fo 1) to fungicide whereas others were sensitive (Fo1). Radial growth and spore germination of fungicide resistant and sensitive isolates were checked by using Czapek Dox Agar (CZA) medium. The results revealed that radial growth and spore germination was maximum temp at 25 oC, followed by 15 oC. Maximum radial growth & spore germination was found at 6.5, followed by 7.5 pH. Continuous light and white light were found ideal for maximum radial growth and spore germination of F. oxysporum. It was seen that the radial growth, spore germination of resistant isolate was higher than that of the sensitive one.
Inoculation Techniques of Fusarium Oxysporum on Onion
The onion crop reported to be suffered from several fungal diseases in nurseries, field or in storage. Among these, basal rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum is a wide spread disease observed in nurseries as well as in field, which causes losses at all the stages of crop growth right from germination to till harvest and also in storage. Information on inoculation technique of Fusarium oxysporum on onion is not available; therefore the present study was carried out. Different inoculation techniques viz., seed, soil and seedling inoculation were used to produce basal rot of onion caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Studies revealed that maximum per cent disease incidence was observed in seedlings inoculation techniques (72.0% and 68.0% disease incidnece respectively, in seedling inoculated by dipping them in culture and seedling transplanted in inoculated soil) followed by soil inoculation technique (66.1%) and seed inoculation technique (56.7%).
The Influence of Several Abiotic Factors on Fusarium SPP . Biology
2016
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), one of the most widely grown winter cereal crop in Romania, is grown on approximately 2 million ha. Fusarium species affect yield and grain quality because of mycotoxins production. Fusarium spp. is one the most frequently pathogenic species of wheat and understanding its biology provides information regarding the optimal timing to implement specific control measures in order to stop the infection process of the disease. The occurrence and development of toxigenic fungi affects stored products causing quality depreciation, products aggregation and also toxins and allergens production. Micromycetes development on stored cereal seeds is favoured by temperature, light and atmospheric moisture present in storage units, and their fluctuations in time. The aim of our research was to determine the influence of some biological parameters (temperature, pH, light and culture media) on the vegetative fungal growth and development, under controlled conditions. The ...
Researches Concerning the Biological Parameters of Fungus Fusarium Graminearum (SCHW)
Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 2013
The fungus Fusarium graminearum is one micromycetes than can produce significant crop losses, and wheat,specially. Fungus attack contributes to impairment of quality indictors of wheat seed and is present in micoflora responsible for the appearance of black-point attack at seeds of wheat.Understanding the biology of pathogens gives us the information regarding the right moment to apply control measures in order to discontinue the infection development. Our studies have been oriented toward defining the biological development parameters of fungal growth, under controlled conditions. Research has been performed in the laboratory of Mycology from Research - Development Institute for Plant Protection Bucharest and Phytopathology laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest. The biological material used was the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum, isolated from the seeds of variety Capo wheat, came from&q...
Influence of climatic factors on Fusarium species pathogenic to cereals
Epidemiology of Mycotoxin Producing Fungi, 2003
Fusarium head blight of small-grain cereals, ear rot of maize, seedling blight and foot rot of cereals are important diseases throughout the world. Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. poae, F. avenaceum and Microdochium nivale (formerly known as F. nivale) predominantly cause Fusarium diseases of small-grain cereals. Maize is predominantly attacked by F. graminearum, F. moniliforme, F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans. These species differ in their climatic distribution and in the optimum climatic conditions required for their persistence. This review deals with the influence of climate on the production and dispersal of inocula, growth, competition, mycotoxin production and pathogenicity. Most species produce inocula, grow best, and are most pathogenic to cereal heads at warm temperatures and under humid conditions. However, the optimal conditions for F. moniliforme and F. proliferatum maize ear rot tend to be hot and dry and M. nivale head blight, seedling blight and foot rot of small-grain cereals tend to occur under cooler conditions. Seedling blight and foot rot caused by other species are favoured by warm dry weather. Between them, these fungi produce four important classes of mycotoxins: trichothecenes, zearalenone, fumonisins and moniliformin. Conditions favourable for in vitro growth are also generally the most favourable for mycotoxin production on cereal grains. These fungi rarely exist in isolation, but occur as a complex with each other and with other Fusaria and other fungal genera. Climatic conditions will influence competition between, and the predominance of, different fungi within this complex.