Exploitation of some plant extracts for ecofriendly management of Net Blotch of Barley (original) (raw)
2015
The extract of a medicinal plant Daphne gnidium , was tested for its in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity against Pyrenophora teres Drechs. f. teres the fungi causing Net blotch of barley .The extract obtained by plant decoction is tested in vitro on the growth diameter of five Moroccan isolates of Pyrenophora teres Drechs. f. teres. Twelve concentrations were tested: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 55 and 60 g /L . The concentration of 40g/L of D.gnidium extract induced complete inhibition of 4 pathogen isolates in vitro conditions . The isolates inhibited by the medicinal plant extract and transferred in PDA media only have not revived. Therefore the effect of D.gnidium on Pyrenophora teres f. Sp. Teres is fungicidal. The most active concentration of the extract in vitro studies was tested, afterwards, in vivo against Net blotch on barley leaves . Incidence of Net blotch was decreased to a rate of 0 on the scale of Tekauz , while control barley plants showed a rate up to...
Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, 2016
A laboratory experiment was conducted to study the efficacy of some botanicals against seed-borne fungi isolated from barley. Alternaria alternata was the most frequently isolated fungi followed by Rhizopus spp., and Mucor spp., determined by plating the seeds on both standard blotter and agar plate method. Leaf extracts of five plants viz., Eucalyptus globulus, Calotropis procera, Melia azedarach, Datura stramonium and Acalypha indica @ 5%, 10% and 20% concentration were evaluated against A. alternata. The results revealed that all the plant extracts significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of A. alternata. Effect of these five plant extracts varied with the concentrations. Leaf extract of E. globulus at 20% concentration caused highest inhibition of mycelial growth of A. alternata (52.6%) followed by C. procera (50.88%), M. azedarach (48.21%) and D. stramonium (47.42%), whereas the lowest inhibition (37.52) of mycelial growth was recorded at 5% leaf extract concentration in case of A. indica as compared to control. However, seed treatment at 20% concentration of all the tested plant extracts was also found to be effective in eliminating majority of fungi and reducing the relative frequency of seed-borne fungi occurring on the seeds and also results in percent germination increase in both standard blotter and agar plate method over control.
Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology
Barley ranks fourth among the cereals in both yield and hectare coverage at global level next to wheat, rice and maize. Net blotch is one of the most important barley diseases which reduce both quality and quantity of barley grain. Currently, the disease can be controlled using different approaches. The aim of this work is to test the effectiveness of different fungicides. Progress 250 EC, Rexdou, Tilt 250 EC, Skyway Xpro EC 275 and Zantara EC 216 against net blotch of barley disease compared to unsprayed control. The experiment was conducted in west Showa Zone at the site which is well known as net blotch disease hot spot. The experiment was conducted on plots of 25 m 2 . The results showed that, significant (P<0.05) difference among treatments. Skyway Xpro EC 275 fungicide reduced the incidence, severity, grain yield loss, by 79.78, 88.98 and 49.97%, over fungicide unsprayed treatments, respectively. Zantara EC 216 was second most effective fungicide to reduced disease incidence, severity, grain yield loss, and dry biomass loss by 57.33, 75.58, 36.21, and 38.11%, respectively. However, there was no significant difference among Progress 250 EC, Rex dou and Tilt250 EC fungicides. The Effectiveness of Skyway Xpro EC 275 and Zantara EC 216 for the control of barley net blotch disease revealed 18.88 q/ha and 10.73 q/ha, respectively, compared to fungicide unsprayed treatment. The grain yield and dry biomass obtained from plots treated by the fungicides were higher compare to fungicide unsprayed plot. It is evident that, the newly introduced fungicides (Skyway XproEC 275 and Zantara EC216) control the net blotch disease of barley effectively compared to the previously used fungicides under Ethiopian condition. Therefore, those fungicides recommended for barley net blotch disease management practices as foliar application.
Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture, 2021
Net blotch disease caused by Pyrenophora teres is one of the most damaging fungal diseases of barley crop. This study screened comparatively the effectiveness of eleven fungicide products applied to malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L. conv. distichum Alef.) cultivar ‘Daciana’ in conditions from Transylvania. After fungicide treatment, the net blotch disease index decreased an average of 70.37-78.04% relative to untreated control. Fungicide application ensured an average of 28.66% grain yield increase, 7.51% thousand grains weight increase and 4.36% grain starch content increase relative to untreated control. Top performance was obtained by using products that contained demethylation inhibitors targeting sterol biosynthesis in combination with other active substances with a different mode of action particularly targeting mitochondrial respiration. It is a difficult task to achieve top performance on all dimensions: strict disease suppression, high quantity and quality grain yields. Pr...
Control of spot blotch in barley plants with fungicide and Bauhinia variegata Linn. leaf extract
Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 2014
In barley plants (BRS-195), the disease detected as spot blotch is caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, and is the most deleterious disease for the producers and the beer industry. For fungicides mediated control of this disease can cause risks to environment and human health. To eliminate these drawbacks, one of the methods considered is the use natural products. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the use of extract of leaves from Bauhinia variegata Link. and Opera ® fungicide (active ingredient: pyraclostrobin) for controlling Bipolaris sorokiniana in barley plants. In Brazil there are two species of Bauhinia are seen, namely Bauhinia forficata and B. variegate. Extracts from B. variegata didn't show fungitoxic action but B. forficata the action exist. The barley plant showed protection of 92 to 100% in local and systemic action. The chemical TLC assays showed the presence of phenols (rutin, coumaric acid, kaempferol) that can be related to a signal for activation of the defense responses against pathogen or mechanism of salicylic acid. Treatment with fungicide Opera ® gave another mechanism and have only 60% of protection.
Efficacies of Fungicides in Controlling Spot Blotch of Barley
Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 1978
Efficacies of 12 fungicides in inhibiting growth of Bipolaris sorokiniana on potato dextrose agar and development of spot blotch symptoms in barley leaf segments inoculated with B. sorokiniana were examined. Efficacies in growth inhibition were high (EC95, 2–40 ppm) for RH-2161, fentin hydroxide, thiram, and carbathiin; intermediate (EC95, 250–500 ppm) for triadimefon, anilazine, captafol, and dodine; and low (EC95, [Formula: see text]) for captan, chlorothalonil, mancozeb, and metiram. In symptom inhibition assays, RH-2161 was extremely effective (EC95, 70 ppm), and anilazine, chlorothalonil, fentin hydroxide, mancozeb, triadimefon, and captafol were highly effective (EC95, 150–300 ppm). Efficacies of foliar applications of six fungicides in controlling spot blotch and promoting yield of barley in the field were also examined. Triadimefon, RH-2161, and fentin hydroxide were applied at 0.25 kg a.i./ha and chlorothalonil, anilazine, and mancozeb at 2 kg a.i. ha−1 at barley growth sta...
EFFICACY OF EXTRACTS OF SOME PLANTS IN AVOIDING FUNGAL DISEASES OF STORED CEREALS
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015
Objective: Plant metabolites and plant-based pesticides appear to be one of the better alternatives to synthetic pesticides. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the antifungal properties of the aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic and chloroform extracts of the leaves and stems of five wild plants (Astrachantha echinus; Seriphidium herba-album; Peganum harmala; Diplotaxis acris and Tamarix aphylla) collected from Tabuk deserts of KSA, against seed-borne mycoflora isolated from stored corn, wheat and barley grains. Methods: In vitro antifungal activities of the 5 extracts were tested using the poisoned food technique. Separation of the different fractions from selected extracts was carried out using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to characterize the separated fractions and estimate the in vivo reduction in mycotoxins levels due to plants extracts. Results: Most of these extracts significantly suppressed radial growth of the tested fungi in vitro with varying levels and/or caused their complete inhibition (100%, P ≤ 0.01). Results of separation of selected extracts using TLC, and then their characterization by HPLC analysis revealed that these promising extracts were rich in p-Coumaric acid, Catechin, Caffeic acid, Cinnamic acid, Ferulic acid, Vanillic acid and Gallic acid in concentrations ranging from 97.0 µg/ml (Vanillic acid) to 471.1 μg/ml (Gallic acid). In addition, methanolic, ethanolic extracts of Astrachantha echinus and Seriphidium herba-album plants showed potent in vivo antimycotoxigenic activity (P ≤ 0.01) against toxigenic isolates of Apergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides in comparison with the synthetic fungicide. Conclusion: These novel methanolic, ethanolic extracts of Astrachantha echinus and Seriphidium herba-album plants could be commercially used as worldwide biodegradable and ecofriendly phytofungicides to prevent fungal biodeterioration of cereals; prevent mycotoxins production and/or decreasing them to an acceptable level; displace the use of synthetic fungicides and high cost refrigeration of cereals during storage.
Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 2019
Barley plants (cv. Giza 2000) are infected by Drechslera teres which causes net blotch disease symptoms and yield losses. Plants were treated with commercial molecular products such as Trichoderma asperilium (T34), eugenol compared to non-traditional compounds (potassium silicate, nano-selenium) and fungicides (Maven, Montoro, and Decent) which selected from 12 treatments according to their important effects on infected barley plants. Bio-arc, Tilt, Rush up, Curve, and Amisto treatments were left out because of their lower efficiency of some treatments and similarity of the active ingredients of some other of them.Disease severity (%) was significantlty decreased as a result of the selected treatments, except eugenol which showed less reduction than the control. Disease symptoms were suppressed and electrolyte leakage % was reduced significantly due to all treatments than the control treatment. As a consequence of treatments, endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxi...
Evaluation of fungicides in control of spot-type net blotch on barley
Crop Protection, 2002
Ten fungicides (pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole, flutriafol, epoxiconazole, propiconazole, triadimefon, azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, difenoconazole and a mixture of propiconazole with iprodione) were evaluated as single applications for control of spot-type net blotch of barley caused by Drechslera teres f. maculata at three locations during 1999 and 2000. Under moderate disease severity, yield losses ranged from 17-19 per cent depending on location and under high disease severity, yield losses reached 32 per cent. Pyraclostrobin, propiconazole and a mixture of propiconazole with iprodione were the most effective in controlling disease, improving yield and grain quality. These fungicides show most promise as commercial treatments when yield and quality are taken into account. Azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, difenoconazole and epoxiconazole also provided disease control.
Field efficacy of different fungicide mixtures in control of net blotch on barley
Pesticidi i fitomedicina, 2016
Seven fungicide mixtures (epoxiconazol + metconazole, boscalid + epoxiconazole, pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole, prothioconazole + tebuconazole, picoxistrobin + cyproconazole, azoxystrobin + cyproconazole and spiroxamine + tebuconazole + triadimenol) were evaluated for control of net blotch of barley caused by Drechslera teres, as well as yield losses, over the 2010 and 2011 growing seasons. Two applications of the fungicide combination pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole at the rate of 1.0 l ha-1 were the most effective treatment in controlling the disease and improving yield in both experimental years. Treatments with the fungicide mixtures epoxiconazol + metconazole and spiroxamine + tebuconazole + triadimenol showed the least effectiveness in disease control, as well as yield increase.