Childhood accidents: epidemiology, trends, and prevention (original) (raw)
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Road traffic accidents in children: the 'what', 'how' and 'why
Singapore medical journal, 2018
Road traffic accidents (RTAs) in Singapore involving children were evaluated, with particular focus on the epidemiology, surrounding circumstances and outcomes of these accidents. Key factors associated with worse prognosis were identified. We proposed some measures that may be implemented to reduce the frequency and severity of such accidents. This was a retrospective study of RTAs involving children aged 0-16 years who presented to the Children's Emergency at KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, from January 2011 to June 2014. Data was obtained from the National Trauma Registry and analysed in tiers based on the Injury Severity Score (ISS). A total of 1,243 accidents were reviewed. RTA victims included motor vehicle passengers (60.4%), pedestrians (28.5%), cyclists (9.9%) and motorcycle pillion riders (1.2%). The disposition of emergency department (ED) patients was consistent with RTA severity. For serious RTAs, pedestrians accounted for 63.6% and 57.7% of T...
Epidemiological study on trauma caused by traffic accidents in children under 8 years
Trauma Monthly, 2015
Background: Trauma is the most common cause of death in children. Road traffic injuries account for a significant percentage of trauma cases in children and it is a cause of disability. Objective: An epidemiological study of factors associated with trauma caused by traffic accidents in children under 8 years of age who were hospitalized in Rasht Poursina Hospital was sought. Materials and Methods: In a descriptive study, the medical records of 170 children under 8 years of age affected by traffic accidents that were admitted to Rasht Poursina Hospital were reviewed. Information on age, gender, time of accident, location of accident, type of road, the injured situation, the vehicle carrying the injured child, the use of safety equipment, site of injury, and the clinical outcomes were collected from a checklist and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 170 children affected by traffic accidents and the demographic factors were 57.1% male and 42.9% female with a mean age 4.8 ± 5. Most crashes occurred out of town (38.2%), on a main street (54.7%), and in the evening (52.7%). Most were pedestrians (47.6%) and passengers (33.5%). A total of 26.9% of children were in the back seat. Of passengers, 17.8%, 8.9%, and 2.2% used a seatbelt, a crash helmet, and a child seat, respectively; and 71.1% did not use any safety devices. A total of 41.4% of patients were transported by EMS. In terms of anatomical location, head and neck (58.8%), and lower extremities (48.2%) were the most common sites of injury, respectively. With regard to the fact that the trauma mortality rate was 3%, in most cases (53.3%), accident victims were discharged from the hospital with complete recovery. Conclusion: The results showed that pedestrians were the most vulnerable group and most children had injuries of the head and neck that can leave them with permanent complications. Therefore, focusing on road safety for this particular population group seems necessary.
Epidemiological profile of child victims of everyday life injuries versus road traffic accident
E3S Web of Conferences, 2021
Unintentional injuries (UI) correspond to “unplanned” events; they include everyday life injuries (EDL), road traffic accident (RTA) and work accidents. In our pediatric context, the latter are excluded. Aim: Draw up an epidemiological profile of UI in children hospitalized for at least 24 hours and make a comparison between EDL and RTA. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted during four years, about children hospitalized for UI, in the pediatric surgical emergency department (PSE) of the children's hospital of Rabat, Morocco. Sociodemographic and medical data were analyzed by statistical software (JAMOVI). Results: 545 files were retained. EDL represented 81.9 % with a male predominance (70.4%). The median age was 8 years [4; 12] with predominance of school children (63.5%). Infants predominated in EDL (15.1%). Spring has a predominance in RTA (33%), while there is a reversal of the trend for the other seasons (p<0.05). As regards the accident, the majority ...
Interventions to reduce accidents in childhood: a systematic review
Jornal de Pediatria, 2018
Objective: To review the literature on interventions planned to prevent the incidence of injuries in childhood. Source of data: The PubMed, Web of Science, and Bireme databases were searched by two independent reviewers, employing the single terms accidents, accident, injuries, injury, clinical trial, intervention, educational intervention, and multiple interventions, and their combinations, present in the article title or abstract, with no limits except period of publication (2006-2016) and studies in human subjects. Synthesis of data: Initially, 11,097 titles were located. Fifteen articles were selected for the review. Eleven were randomized trials (four carried out at the children's households, five in pediatric healthcare services, and two at schools), and four were non-randomized trials carried out at the children's households. Four of the randomized trials were analyzed by intentionto-treat and a protective effect of the intervention was observed: decrease in the number of risk factors, decrease in the number of medical consultations due to injuries, decrease in the prevalence of risk behaviors, and increase of the parents' knowledge regarding injury prevention in childhood. Conclusion: Traumatic injuries in childhood are amenable to primary prevention through strategies that consider the child's age and level of development, as well as structural aspects of the environment.
MAIN CAUSES OF UNINTENTIONAL ACCIDENTS IN PEDIATRICS AND PREVENTION - LITERATURE REVIEW (Atena Editora), 2023
Introduction: Unintentional injuries can occur in the domestic, urban, leisure or rural environment. Objective: To review the main causes of unintentional accidents in children and their prevention. Result: Paying attention to parents regarding the safety of children in different environments must be part of the consultation routine in Basic Health Units, as it represents an important problem and is associated with preventable infant mortality. Conclusion: In the first year of life, falls, suffocation, burns and foreign body aspiration are important causes of unintentional accidents. At the age of 2 to 5 years, falls are followed by suffocation, burns and drowning and, over 5 years, followed by being run over, burns and intoxication. Prevention takes place through different measures, specific to each case. In the context of adolescents, raise awareness about the dangers of alcohol use, domestic accidents, installation of bars on windows, nets on balconies, gates on stairs, bilateral handrails on stairs, positioning of pot handles facing the inside of the stove. As for parks, they depend on measures such as parental supervision, regulation of equipment and establishment of maximum height. In the rural environment, it is important that, in addition to supervision, physical measures are implemented, such as fencing wells; keep the child away from livestock; do not leave it near tractors or allow them to travel as passengers.
What do We Need to Know to Prevent Unintentional Injuries do Children
2018
Unintentional injuries represent a major global public health problem that affects all age groups. Especially during childhood, high rates of morbidity, mortality, and permanent disability bring problems for the whole society. Knowledge of all the elements involved in the occurrence of an injury is essential for taking preventive measures. The purpose of this article is to present some characteristics of the injuries, the child victim of this event, and preventive measures that can be adopted, to keep the whole community alert to minimize this great health problem.
Preventing Unintentional Injuries in School-Aged Children: A Systematic Review
Pediatrics
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Unintentional injuries constitute the leading causes of death and long-term disabilities among children aged 5 to 15 years. We aimed to systematically review published literature on interventions designed to prevent unintentional injuries among school-aged children. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and PsycINFO and screened the reference lists of included studies and relevant reviews. We included randomized controlled trials, controlled before-and-after studies, and interrupted time series studies. The focus of included studies was on primary prevention measures. Two reviewers collected data on type of study design, setting, population, intervention, types of injuries, outcomes assessed, and statistical results. RESULTS Of 30 179 identified studies, 117 were included in this review. Most of these studies were conducted in high-income countries and addressed traffic-related injuries. Evidenc...