Essential Oil Composition of Five Sideritis Species Endemic to Turkey (original) (raw)
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Composition of essential oils from two endemicSideritis species of Turkey
Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 1999
The genus Sideritis is represented in Turkey by 46 species and altogether 53 taxa of these being endemic in Turkey (74%) [1-31. Sideritis species are widely used as herbal tea in Turkey. They are known by different local names and traditionally used in various regions of Turkey. Infusions of Sideritis species are used as stomachics, antispasmodics, carminatives, and taken for cough [4-9]. The aqueous extracts of five Sideritis species of Turkey have been found to have antidepressant and antistress activities in mice [10]. The essential oll ofS. congesta exhi~ted no siL, nificant analgesic action [11]. Here, we report on the essential oil compositions ofSideritis brevidens P.Is Davis and S. rubriflom Hub.-Mor., which are endemic species of Turkey. S. brevidens is locally known as "Adacayi" and "Ozel Cay," while S. rubriflora Hub.-Mor. is locally known as "Dag cayi" in Icel. Both Sideritis spesies are used as herbal tea in the areas where they grow. In the present work, the essential oils these Sideritis species were investigated for the first time. Essential oils were obtained from dried aerial parts by water distillation. Rasults of GC/MS analyses of the essential oils are given in Tables 1 and 2. In the oil of S. brevidens and S. rubriflom 75 and 98 compounds were characterized representing 91 and 87% of the oils with I~-pinene (14 and 13%) and epicubebol (13 and 8%) as major constimennts, respectively. Essential oils of Turkish Sideritis species are classified into six groups, namely, "monoterpene hydrocarbon-rich," "oxygenated monoterpene-rich," "sesquiterpene hydrocarbon-rich," "oxygenated sesquiterpene-rich", "ditererne-rich," and "others." Of the Sideritis species existing in Turkey, 57% belong to the "monoterpene hydrocarbon-rich" group. S. brevidens and S. rubriflora were also included in this group. EXPERIMENTAL
Composition of the essential oils of two Sideritis species from Turkey and antimicrobial activity
Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2008
The genus Sideritis (Lamiaceae) is represented in Turkey by 46 species and altogether 55 taxa, 42 taxa being endemic [1-3]. Some species of Sideritis are used as medicinal and aromatic plants. S. perfoliata L. is known as "adacayi, dagcayi, and Kandil cayi" in different regions of Turkey and are widely used as diuretic and in the treatment of coughs and gastrointestinal disorders [4]. S. trojana Bornm. is an endemic species for Turkey and is known as "kazdagi cayi" [4, 5]. The essential oil compositions of some Sideritis species have been subjected to previous studies. Previous phytochemical investigations of S. perfolita and S. trojana have revealed the presence of diterpenes [6, 7], fatty acids [8], and essential oils [9, 10]. The composition of the essential oil of S. perfoliata was investigated and limonene was identified as the major constituent [9]. In our previous work, 8α-13-hydroxy-14-en-epilabdane (26-29%), limonene (19-24%), viridiflorol (14%), sabinene (11%), and β-caryophyllene (10%) were reported as the main constituents in the oil of S. perfoliata [10]. The essential oil composition of S. trojana has also been investigated. β-Pinene (12-17%) and α-pinene (8-14%) were identified as the major components [10]. In another work, the fatty acid composition was investigated in seed oils of S. perfoliata. Linoleic, oleic, 6-octadecynoic, palmitic, and linolenic acids were identified as the main fatty acid components of the seed oil [8]. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the antimicrobial activity of S. perfoliata and S. trojana essential oils. In this present work, the hydrodistilled essential oils from aerial parts of Sideritis perfoliata and S. trojana were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The compounds characterized are given in Table 1 with their relative percentage amounts. In the oil of S. perfoliata (0.36%), 60 compounds were identified, representing 98.6% of the oil, with monoterpene hydrocarbons (76.2%) dominating, together with oxygenated monoterpenes (1.3%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (6.2%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (1.9%), diterpenes (12.8%), and other compounds (0.2%). The main constituents were found to be limonene (37.7%) and sabinene (18.8%). S. trojana oil (0.04%) was rich in β-pinene (18.4%) and α-pinene (13.2%). Sixty-two compounds were characterized, representing 87.9% of the oil. The monoterpene hydrocarbon (46.7%) content of this oil was rather low compared to S. perfoliata. The antibacterial and anticandidal activities of the oils are presented in Table 2. The results of the antimicrobial assays indicated that E. coli, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), E. aerogenes, B. cereus, and C. albicans were inhibited by the oil of Sideritis trojana moderately with MIC values of 125 to 250 µg/mL, which were lower than that of the standard antimicrobial agent. The oil showed strong inhibitory effect against S. epidermidis with a MIC value of 62.5 µg/mL. S. perfoliata oil, on the other hand, was less active (125 to 500 µg/mL) against the test microorganisms except for C. albicans. The occurrence of a higher content of oxygenated derivatives of mono and sesquiterpenes (20%) in the oil of S. trojana may be responsible for the better antimicrobial activity. Plant Material and Isolation of the Essential Oils. Dried aerial parts of the plant materials were hydrodistilled for 3 h using a Clevenger apparatus to obtain essential oils in dry weight yield.
The essential oil of a new Sideritis species: Sideritis ozturkii Aytac and Aksoy
Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2001
Water-distilled essential oils from flowering spikes of Sideritis ozturkii (Lamiaceae), a new species, were analyzed by GC/MS. The main components were found to be α-pinene (31.1%, 16.0%, and 6.2%), and βpinene (20.2%, 14.2%, and 7.3%) in three samples collected from the same locality at different times.
ABSTRACT Sideritis, known as mountain tea is a genus of flowering plants well known for their use as herbal medicine, commonly as a tisane. The essential oil of Sideritis samples was analyzed from population of Gramozi, Dhëmbel and Nëmërçka mountains. The Sideritis herbs were sampling in June, 2013 in different stations of mountains of South of Albania. The air dried plant samples were subjected to European Pharmacopoeia apparatus (Clevenger type) for 6 hours to obtain Sideritis oil in 1 ml Toluene. The chemical composition of the essential oils was analyzed using GC/FID technique. The oil of each Sideritis sample was injected in a Varian 450 GC. VF-1ms capillary column (30m x 0.33mm x 0.25 um) were used for separation of compounds. Alfa-Pinene (27.3 - 32.6 %), beta-Pinene (38.9 – 45.3 %), beta-Phellandrene (2.3 - 4.5%), alfa-Copaene (1.7 – 3.4 %) and Bicyclogermacene (1 – 1.6 %) have been identified as the main components of the essential oils of Sideritis samples from South of Alb...
Essential Oil Composition of Sideritis pusilla (Lange) Pau ssp
Journal of Essential Oil Research, 2004
The quantitative composition of the essential oils from several subspecies, varieties and populations of Sideritis pusilla (Lange) Pau (Lamiaceae), analyzed by GC and GC/MS, is reported. Monoterpene hydrocarbons, alcohols, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes were the main constituents in all samples. Among these, α-pinene (7.1-25.4%), sabinene (5.9-20.4%), fenchone (0.9-19.3%), limonene (1.2-7.4%) and 1,8-cineole (1.8-15.6%) were the major compounds. The results confirm that there are differences between varieties and subspecies, while cluster analysis revealed that the oil composition potentially has chemotaxonomical significance for this taxon.