Female Foeticide and Laws in India (original) (raw)
Related papers
Female Feticide: A Social Evil in India (Challenges before Us)
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2014
In a modern time, Female feticide-the selective abortion of female fetuses, females not only face discrimination in this culture, they are even denied the right to be born female feticide determined by many factors, but mostly by the vision of having to pay a dowry to the upcoming bridegroom of a daughter. While birth of the baby boy offer refuge of their families in old time and can execute the rites for the souls of late parents and ancestors, daughters are treated as a social and economic encumber. In India feticide is a moderately new practice, rising concurrently with the advent of technological advancements in prenatal sex determination on a large scale in the 1990s. Detection technologies have been distorted, allowing the selective abortions of female offspring to proliferate. Legally, however, female feticide is a penal offence although female infanticide has long been committed in India, According to the Census 2001 report the declining sex ratio which has been dropped to alarming levels, female feticide become common in the middle and higher socioeconomic households, especially in north zone because of the low status of women such as dowry, looking up for son, as concern with family name are the main evil practice performing sex selection abortions in India. There is an urge to reinforce the law to stop these kinds of illegal practices, it impact overall societies especially on women. The paper will discuss the socio-legal challenges female feticide presents, as well as the consequence of having too few women in Indian society.
This paper attempts to discuss the basal factors that impel people to choose to practice female foeticide in India. Son preference and the cost of providing dowries are very important in this regard, but not the only reasons. Apart from their economic, social, and religious value to the parents, sons also play a signal role in defending the family against violence. However, the degree of son preference shows strong positive correlation with level of daughter aversion in large parts of the country. Hence, in order to locate the basal reasons of female foeticide, it is necessary to understand the dynamics of both son preference and daughter aversion.
FEMALE FOETICIDE AND THE ISSUES IN INDIA: AN EXAMPLE OF GENDER DISCRIMINATION
International instruments on human rights guarantees the rights over body. To know and take decisions on matters concerning one's body is a human right. However, in India a pregnant woman does not enjoy the right to know the sex of the foetus. Prior to its birth, neither the mother nor anyone else can be disclosed the sex of the foetus. In foreign countries like United States of America, on the other hand, the sex of the foetus is disclosed to the expecting parents so that they can decide a name, buy cloths and other necessary items, decorate the baby's room. Then why is it so in India? Why not Indians enjoy the right to know the sex of the foetus? Why is the mother compelled to carry the foetus for nine months without knowing if it is a boy or a girl? All these questions ends with just one answer 'sex selective abortions or female foeticides'. This paper is a humble attempt to look into the concept of female foeticide and its related aspects.
"ANALYSING THE LEGISLATIONS PERTAINING TO THE FEMALE FOETICIDE IN INDIA"
A woman is a lovely combination of strength, intellect, emotional balanceand beauty of mind and heart. But from ages, she has been ill-treated. India is mainly a patriarchal society due to which the women havealways given a low position, remains under the control of herfather, husband or son. Due to this patriarchal structure, India's socio-cultural environment always favored the birth of males over females. The preference for a son continues to be a prevalent norm in traditional Indiansociety. This is evidentfrom the declining sex ratio which has dropped to alarming levels, especially in the northern states accordingto recent census reports and looking up to the sonas a breadwinner has made the evil practice of female foeticide to become common in the middle and higher socioeconomic households. Despite the existence of several acts,female foeticide is one of the most heinous crimes present in India; Perhaps the worst scenario is that the people who commit this crime belong to the educated classes. This paper attempts to discuss the crime of female foeticide in India and its magnitude,various abortion laws, penal provisions, the objective behind their enactment, amendmentsand the reasons for failure in their implementation. 1 There is anurgent need to strengthen the prevailing laws as well as to enact new laws in combating the crime of female foeticide.
Changing strategies of female foeticide in India: a never ending story
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health
Historically, in the absence of genetic testing, infanticide was the only inhuman option for discarding the female child. This heinous practice continues today in the southern parts of India where families cannot afford an illegal ultrasound test. People in Punjab, Haryana and other Western states can afford illegal test to determine the sex of the baby and discard it' (From the Tribune, Chandigarh 2003/09/1).
Female Feticide, its Social Issues and Legal Implications
The long standing tradition of son preference over the girl in Indian society has given birth to many social problems and females feticide is one among all. The girl children become targets of attack even before they are born. This is evident from the declining sex ratio, especially in the northern states, according to census 2011 report. Sons are preferred over daughter for various social, economic and religious reasons such as family linkage, type of insurance for the future, prestige and power, financial support, salvation, dowry, low status of women, gender discrimination, family name as traditional causes and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Technology which is considered as bales of advancement in science and technology. In our society we all talk about equality in all walk of life, then, Why male are given the right to take birth and not women? It is well known fact that the latest advances in modern medical sciences – the tests like Amniocentesis and Ultra-sonography, which were originally designed for detection of congenital abnormalities of the fetus, are being misused for knowing the sex of the fetus with the intention of aborting it if it happens to be that of a female. Women are also facing various social problems like prostitution, trafficking, early marriage, dowry, illiteracy, and malnutrition and gender discrimination. There is a need to strength the ethical code of conduct and above all imbibe values among new generation. The aim of this article is not only to give stress over women's issues, but to highlight the problem of sex selection and its legal implication
Crises in Female Existence Female Foeticide and Infanticide in India.pdf
In the era of science and technology people are being remedied from rarest of rare diseases by medical science, however, this boon of medical science is being misused in carrying out abortion knowing the female sex by ultra-sonography, amniotesis and other techniques. Consequently, the cases of female foeticide and infanticide are increasing fast in the several part of India. Moreover, if the baby girl takes birth, she is deprived of love and affection of the parents as she is abandoned to die on canals, coverts and footpath. This has been the reason that sex ratio is 1000:914 among 0-6 year old boys and girls which is declining day by day. The paper implies that female foeticide and infanticide are the insidious problem in Indian society which violate right to birth and protection of life of foetus and infant. The paper also examines the last three census of child sex ratio (0-6 years) which is decreasing on an alarming rate. Finally, the paper examines the status of remedial process and legal provisions to control female foeticide and infanticide.
Female Foeticide and Gender Inequality in India: Issue of Attention
International Journal of Innovative Science and Modern Engineering, 2020
In spite of a high rate of growth and ample government initiatives to maintain equality in case of gender , the gap between genders still exist in India. In India, based on their sex, gender variation is usually prescribed as the injustice or discrimination against women. Gender inequality limits women's participation in various fields and it also hampers the life of the future generation also. Women are confronted with many hurdles in everywhere. Female foeticide is one of the worst types of discrimination against females where a female is refused her most essential and fundamental right, i.e. the right to live life. In India, female foeticide means outside of valid law, the abortion of a female foetus. In India, the recurrence of female foeticide is expanding day by day. In present day, it seems that the sex determination test leading to the practice of female foeticide overlooked and uncomplicated than before. Since ancient days, killing of female foetus is an extraordinary feature under the rule of patriarchy in Indian society. According to census report, the child sex ratio has decreased from 945 girls (0-6 years) per 1000 boys (0-6 years) in 1991 it is 927 girls per 1000 boys in 2001 to 919 girls per 1000 boys in 2011. The picture of female foeticide in NorthEast India is quite good as compared to the other states of India. As per the census 2011, Arunachal Pradesh has the highest child ratio among the Indian states i.e. 972 while Haryana has the lowest child sex ratio i.e. 834 per thousand males. According to decennial Indian census, the sex ratio in the 0 to 6 age group in India has risen from 102.4 males per 100 females in 1961, to 104.2 in 1980, to 107.5 in 2001, to 108.9 in 2011. On this background, here, an attempt has been made to examine the issue of female foeticide as an indicator of gender inequality in India. This paper is mostly descriptive in nature entirely based on secondary data.