… Paleolithic human skeleton from the Abrigo do Lagar Velho (Portugal) and modern … (original) (raw)
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Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences, 1999
The discovery of an early Upper Paleolithic human burial at the Abrigo do Lagar Velho, Portugal, has provided evidence of early modern humans from southern Iberia. The remains, the largely complete skeleton of a Ϸ4year-old child buried with pierced shell and red ochre, is dated to ca. 24,500 years B.P. The cranium, mandible, dentition, and postcrania present a mosaic of European early modern human and Neandertal features. The temporal bone has an intermediate-sized juxtamastoid eminence. The mandibular mentum osseum and the dental size and proportions, supported by mandibular ramal features, radial tuberosity orientation, and diaphyseal curvature, as well as the pubic proportions align the skeleton with early modern humans. Body proportions, ref lected in femorotibial lengths and diaphyseal robusticity plus tibial condylar displacement, as well as mandibular symphyseal retreat and thoracohumeral muscle insertions, align the skeleton with the Neandertals. This morphological mosaic indicates admixture between regional Neandertals and early modern humans dispersing into southern Iberia. It establishes the complexities of the Late Pleistocene emergence of modern humans and refutes strict replacement models of modern human origins.
2017
The discovery of an early Upper Paleolithic human burial at the Abrigo do Lagar Velho, Portugal, has provided evidence of early modern humans from southern Iberia. The remains, the largely complete skeleton of a '4year-old child buried with pierced shell and red ochre, is dated to ca. 24,500 years B.P. The cranium, mandible, dentition, and postcrania present a mosaic of European early modern human and Neandertal features. The temporal bone has an intermediate-sized juxtamastoid eminence. The mandibular mentum osseum and the dental size and proportions, supported by mandibular ramal features, radial tuberosity orientation, and diaphyseal curvature, as well as the pubic proportions align the skeleton with early modern humans. Body proportions, ref lected in femorotibial lengths and diaphyseal robusticity plus tibial condylar displacement, as well as mandibular symphyseal retreat and thoracohumeral muscle insertions, align the skeleton with the Neandertals. This morphological mosai...
Middle Paleolithic Human Remains from the Gruta da Oliveira (Torres Novas), Portugal
Additional Middle Paleolithic human remains from layers 17, 18, and 22 of the Gruta da Oliveira, Portugal consist of a proximal manual phalanx 2 (Oliveira 5), a partial postcanine tooth (Oliveira 6), a humeral diaphysis (Oliveira 7), a distal mandibular molar (Oliveira 8), and a mandibular premolar (P 3 ) (Oliveira 9). Oliveira 5, 6, and 8 are unremarkable for Late Pleistocene humans. The Oliveira 7 right humerus is moderately robust or the individual had the stocky body proportions of other European (including Iberian) Neandertals. The Oliveira 9 P 3 has a large and symmetrical crown and lacks a distal accessory ridge and accessory lingual cusps, overlapping both Neandertal and recent human ranges of variation. It contrasts with at least recent human P 3 s in having relatively thin enamel. These join the Oliveira 1 to 4 remains in further documenting early MIS 3 Neandertal morphology in western Iberia. Am J Phys Anthropol 000:000-000, 2012.
The Neolithic-Early Bronze Age mortuary rockshelter of Bolores, Torres Vedras, Portugal (2010)
The Late Neolithic-Early Bronze Age mortuary rockshelter of Bolores (Torres Vedras, Lisbon) is a collective burial located in the archaeologically rich landscape of the Portuguese Estremadura. Excavations were conducted in 2007 and 2008 as part of the Sizandro-Alcabrichel Research Project (SARP), a collaboration between the German Archaeological Institute-Madrid and The University of Iowa which seeks to investigate the dynamics of social evolution and paleoecology of human populations between the Neolithic and Bronze Age in the Sizandro and Alcabrichel River valleys. To generate a high-resolution history of Bolores and document the variability of human biographies throughout the site’s use, we applied interdisciplinary methods, including GIS, AMS dating of multiple individuals, micromorphology, bioarchaeology, bone refitting, biodistance studies, and stable isotope analyses. Four AMS dates bracket activity at the site between 2800 and 1800 cal B.C., which is coeval with the settlement of Zambujal, located 2km to the SE, and other burials in caves, rockshelters, and tholoi in the region. Bolores is somewhat unusual for this time period and region because it housed a relatively high percentage of subadults (over 50%) and associated artifacts are rare. This report contextualizes Bolores within the variability of Late Neolithic-Early Bronze Age burial practices in the Portuguese Estremadura.
The Neolithic-Early Bronze Age Mortuary Rockshelter of Bolores, Torres Vedras, Portugal
Journal of Field …, 2010
The Late Neolithic-Early Bronze Age mortuary rockshelter of Bolores (Torres Vedras, Lisbon) is a collective burial located in the archaeologically rich landscape of the Portuguese Estremadura. Excavations were conducted in 2007 and 2008 as part of the Sizandro-Alcabrichel Research Project (SARP), a collaboration between the German Archaeological Institute-Madrid and The University of Iowa which seeks to investigate the dynamics of social evolution and paleoecology of human populations between the Neolithic and Bronze Age in the Sizandro and Alcabrichel River valleys. To generate a high-resolution history of Bolores and document the variability of human biographies throughout the site's use, we applied interdisciplinary methods, including GIS, AMS dating of multiple individuals, micromorphology, bioarchaeology, bone refitting, biodistance studies, and stable isotope analyses. Four AMS dates bracket activity at the site between 2800 and 1800 cal B.C., which is coeval with the settlement of Zambujal, located 2km to the SE, and other burials in caves, rockshelters, and tholoi in the region. Bolores is somewhat unusual for this time period and region because it housed a relatively high percentage of subadults (over 50%) and associated artifacts are rare. This report contextualizes Bolores within the variability of Late Neolithic-Early Bronze Age burial practices in the Portuguese Estremadura.
New Perspectives on the Peopling of the Americas, 2018
The Serra da Capivara region in northeastern Brazil contains several archaeological sites that have yielded human skeletal remains. Compared to other regions of Brazil, these sites have produced a smaller number of human skeletons (i.e., 3 to 4 individuals). However, the human fossil record of the region, especially that which is not associated with pottery, remains as yet inadequately investigated. Here we present a comprehensive review of previously-collected, non-pottery-associated human skeletal remains from Serra da Capivara. Additionally, we report on newly recovered human skeletons from recent excavations at the Pedrinho and of Toca da Barra da Janela do Antonião sites in the region. Current dates for these skeletal remains derive from associated materials, as efforts to obtain direct radiocarbon dates on the bones have proved unsuccessful due to the lack of bone collagen. The current understanding that the region was occupied for several thousands of years makes it difficult to define valid operational taxonomic units. While attempts for the extraction of ancient DNA remain thus far unproductive, future efforts should focus more on improving the estimates of antiquity for the skeletons. Resumen La región de la Serra da Capivara en el noreste de Brasil contiene varios sitios arqueológicos en donde se han hallado restos óseos humanos. En comparación con otras regiones de Brasil, estos sitios han producido un menor número de esqueletos humanos (i.e. de 3 a 4 individuos). Sin embargo, el registro fósil huma-no de la región, especialmente aquel que no está asociado con cerámica, sigue inadecuadamente investigado. Aquí se presenta una revisión exhaustiva de los restos óseos humanos previamente colectados y no asociados con cerámica de la Serra de Capivara. Del mismo modo, reportamos nuevos restos humanos recu-perados durante excavaciones recientes en Pedrinho y Toca da Barra da Janela do Antonião, localizados en la misma región. Las dataciones actuales para estos restos óseos derivan de materiales asociados, ya que los intentos para obtener fechados radiocarbónicos de los huesos no han sido exitosos debido a la falta de