Burden on Family Caregivers Caring for Patients with Schizophrenia (original) (raw)
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Burden experienced by families of patients with schizophrenia and its related factors
2014
Aim: This study aimed to assess the burden experienced by the caregiver of patients with Schizophrenia, and evaluate its correlation with some demographic characteristics of patients, their caregivers, and the level of expressed emotion in the family. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 172 schizophrenic patients and their primary caregivers selected from the outpatient clinic of a mental hospital in Tehran, Iran using convenience sampling. Caregivers were evaluated with Zarit Burden Interview and Family Questionnaire to assess the burden experienced by the caregivers and the level of expressed emotion in the family, respectively. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman's tests. Results: The level of burden experienced by the majority of primary caregivers was moderate to severe. The scores obtained in the subscales of emotional over-involvement and critical comments were higher than the cutoff point in 51.7% and 64.5% of caregivers respectively. The results showed that the scores obtained in the two subscales of family questionnaire had a significant, direct correlation with the burden experienced by the caregivers. The level of burden experienced by the caregivers was significantly different between the subgroups of age and marital status of the caregivers, and gender, occupational status and marital status of the patients. Number of family members, home ownership status, time spent by the caregiver with the patient daily, level of family
An updated review on burden on caregivers of schizophrenia patients
Psicothema, 2014
Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental illness that has a significant impact not only in the patient but also in the entire family as well. Caregivers assume almost the totality of the patient care. This responsibility exposes caregivers to an intense burden with negative consequences for them and the rest of the family system. This is an updated review of existing literature about burden on families with schizophrenia patients. An electronic search of articles from MEDLINE, EMBASE, APA, EBSCO, and Cochrane databases was conducted for articles published between 2008 and 2013. A systematization of information and frequency analysis revealed the existence of eight factors related to burden that were present in almost all the reviewed literature: Programs of family treatment, Ethnic group, Expressed Emotion, Stress and Burden, Preoccupations of the caregiver, Kind of caregiver, Social networks, Social support, Finances and Coping Strategies. This study supports the statements of differ...
Burden experienced by caregivers of schizophrenia patients and its related factors
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran
Background: Deinstitutionalization of patients with schizophrenia shifted the primary locus of care from psychiatric hospitals to family and informal caregivers. Family members often play a vital role as caregivers in the lives of individuals with schizophrenia and other serious mental illnesses. This study aimed to assess the burden experienced by the caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and to evaluate its correlation with some demographic characteristics of patients, their caregivers, and the level of expressed emotion in the family. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 172 schizophrenic patients and their primary caregivers, selected from the outpatient department of a psychiatric hospital in Tehran, Iran, using convenience sampling. Caregivers were evaluated with Zarit Burden Interview and Family Questionnaire to assess the burden experienced by the caregivers and the level of expressed emotion in the family, respectively. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient and linear regression method. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (Version 21) and significance level was set at p< 0.05. Results: The level of burden experienced by most of primary caregivers was higher than moderate. The scores obtained in the subscales of emotional over involvement and critical comments were higher than the cutoff point in 51.7% and 64.5% of caregivers, respectively, and the scores had a significant direct correlation with the burden experienced by the caregivers. The findings of multiple linear regression showed that lower family income (β=-0.33, p< 0.001), higher duration of disorder (β= 0.19, p= 0.006), and younger age at onset of the disorder (β=-0.26, p= 0.001) were predictive of higher burden of disease on caregivers. Conclusion: Based on the results, some demographic factors of the primary caregivers, patients, and their family significantly affected the burden experienced by the primary caregivers. Most of the caregivers had high expressed emotions and a significant direct association existed between the expressed emotions and the burden experienced.
The Journal of Medical Research, 2018
Background: Schizophrenia a chronic, debilitating illness affecting entire family in addition to the sufferer. The family is a major source of support for the mentally ill in India where caregivers assume significant role. The pressure of care giving adds to significant stress in the care giver. Seeking out causes of care giver burden will help plan its alleviation. Methods: Eighty-four people with schizophrenia and their primary care givers were part of the study. Schizophrenia was diagnosed using DSM 5 criteria. Positive and negative symptoms were measured by the "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia" (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Scale was used to assess the severity and improvement rate, and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) assessed the clinical progress. Care givers were administered Zarit Care Giver Burden scale. Results: More caregiver burden was reported with male patients. Educational level of patients did not influence burden score. Severity of burden increased as the severity of illness increased and functioning level of patients declined. Improvement with treatment reduced burden of caregivers. Among factors related to care givers, burden increased linearly with increasing age of the care givers. Care givers who suffered from co morbid medical illnesses reported significantly higher levels of burden. Conclusion: Care giver burden is an important issue to be considered in the overall management plan of schizophrenia. Care givers need better support for their own physical and mental well-being, to reduce symptoms and improve functioning level of schizophrenia patients.
Systematic Reviews
Background Since the deinstitutionalization policy, in psychiatric hospitals, the care of patients with schizophrenia was left to their families which has been imposing a heavy burden on them. Family caregiver burden could have consequences for caregivers, patients, and the society. There is very little consensus on the definition and dimensions of the caregiver burden, which leads to a lack of consistency in the results of research. Thus, the present study was aimed to redefine the family caregiver burden of patients with schizophrenia. Methods The databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE (Via Ovid), ProQuest, SCI, Magiran, SID, and IranDoc will be searched from 1940 to 2018 using subject headings and appropriate terms in both Farsi and English languages. Also, gray literature and the reference list of included articles will be used to offer an appropriate definition of the family caregiver burden in patients with schizophrenia. Two independent reviewers will participate i...
Family Burdens in patients with Schizophrenia
Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan Stikes Hang Tuah Surbaya
Introduction: People with schizophrenia need the role of the family as a caregiver. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the burden of the family as a caregiver for schizophrenia patients in an outpatient polyclinic setting, Menur Mental Health Hospital Surabaya. Methods: Total participants were 160 family caregivers who carry out routine check-ups for families with schizophrenia. The data was obtained using the Indonesian version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) questionnaire and Cronbach alpha (α) was 0.931. Descriptive statistics were used to describe and categorize the family caregiver burden. Results: The results showed that the majority of participants had burden score in the category no burden – low burdens: 64 participants (40.0%), the mild-moderate burden category was 84 participants (52.5%), the moderate-severe burden was 11 participants (6.9%), very severe burden category was only 1 participant (0.6%). In addition, the demographic data showed that most of ...
Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 2014
Family caregivers provide considerable support to their ill relative and in turn experience significant burden (Leff, 1994; Li et al., 2007). Zarit et al. (1986) defined burden as the extent to which caregivers perceived their emotional and physical health, social life and financial status as suffering as a result of caring for their relative. Burden has two components-objective and subjective. Objective burden refers to the quantifiable challenges faced by the family members in everyday life such as financial costs, loss of free time and altered social relationships. Subjective burden refers to the abstract or emotional costs faced by the family as a result of the patient's illness. In the context of research conducted internationally on predictors of caregiver burden in patients with schizophrenia, high levels of caregiver burden were often significantly associated with some demographic variables and with positive and negative
Health science journal, 2015
Objective: To describe burden among Indonesian family caregivers, andexamine its predictors including family caregivers’ perceived severity ofpatients’ illness, knowledge and attitude towards schizophrenia, caregivingappraisal, and perceived social support. Method: A sample of 120 familycaregivers of schizophrenia patients visiting outpatient department of MenurMental Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia participated in this study. Datacollection was performed during January to February 2015 with simplerandom sampling to recruit the sample. Structured questionnaires for datacollection included general information of both family caregivers and thepatients, perceived severity of patients’ illness, knowledge and attitudetowards schizophrenia, caregiving appraisal, perceived social support, andburden. Descriptive statistics and standard multiple regression wereemployed for data analysis. Results: Ninety-three caregivers (77.50%)reported burden during their patient care. Perceived severity of p...
Caregiver Burden Among People Caring for Patients with Schizophrenia
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 2017
BACKGROUND Caregivers of patients suffering from mental illness report burden in different areas including effects on family functioning, psychological problems, financial problems and health. The aim of the study is to determine the sociodemographic profile and caregiver burden among caregivers of persons with schizophrenia and to study the effect of patients' psychopathology on caregiver burden scale. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was conducted in the Psychiatry Department, Government Medical College, Amritsar. A sample size of 34 was taken who were primary caregivers (preferably parents or spouse) of schizophrenia patients diagnosed using ICD10. Measures included caregiver's demographic variables and caregiver's burden using the Zarit burden interview and PANSS scale in patients. Statistical Analysis-Data was analysed using SPSS software version 21. RESULTS The mean age of the caregiver was 42 SD (12.16) years. The majority of the caregivers were parents, married and employed. The mean average score of the responses to Zarit burden interview was (SD=59.52 ± 20.92). Majority of the caregivers experienced severe burden (52.9%), 9 (26.4%) caregivers had reported moderate burden and 6 (17.6%) had reported mild burden. The mean duration of illness was 6.89 (SD=5.03) years. The level of burden experienced was significantly associated with total PANSS score, negative symptoms, positive symptoms, general psychopathology score and duration of schizophrenia illness (p=0.00). CONCLUSION There is need for psychological assistance and social support for the vulnerable caregivers to help them reduce the burden levels and employ positive coping strategies.