Experimental investigation of CO2 injection into coal seam reservoir at in-situ stress conditions for enhanced coalbed methane recovery (original) (raw)
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2016
Introduction: Azo groups of dyes used widely for coloring yarn. Methylene blue is one of this group's dyes therefore with benzene rings in its structure caused the toxicity and its persistence in the environment. So that the its deficiency of proper treatment can cause the irreparable damage to the environment. One of the ways to removal these dyes from natural sources are absorbed by the absorbent. So the aim of this study is Kinetic and isotherm study of methylene blue adsorption by powdered pumice from the aquatic environment. Methods: Adsorption process was investigated in vitro at neutral pH, a constant concentration of dye and adsorbent dosage. The residual concentration of the dye solution through adsorption was measured at a wavelength nm 665 by using a spectrophotometer (Cary 50 manufacturers of Perkin Elmer). In order to understand how to adsorption, obtained data were fitted with Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Harikens-jura and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms and Pseudo-first-order, Pesedo-second-order, Intraparticle diffusion and Elovich Kinetics. Results: Results showed that in the between of five isotherm models, the adsorption process is most obeyed of Harikens-jura isotherm (R 2 =0.9914). Also the adsorption process has appropriate obeyed of both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms (R 2 =0.9633 and R 2 =0.9365) and it is means that the adsorption process occurs in a mono-layer and multi-layer. The low of mean free energy (E= 0.323 KJ/mol) in Dubinin-Radushkevich showed that the physical absorption process is dominant adsorption. Also adsorption process is obeyed of pseudo-second-order model. Conclusion: According to the results, can say Methylene blue adsorption multi-layer is most occurs than mono-layer and the pumice is the effectiveness adsorbent for removal methylene blue dye (RL=0.2).
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 2018
دشاب یم . رد تیلاعف ياه یتعنص ، کینکت ياه یبایزرا و تیریدم کسیر زا هدافتسا قیرط زا درکیور يریگشیپ و اب فده دوبهب ینمیا يارب شهاک ثداوح هب راک هتفرگ یم کسیر یسررب فده اب هعلاطم نیا .دوش تسیز ياه نزاخم رد یتشادهب و ینمیا ،یطیحم هریخذ س .دش ماجنا نایسراپ زاگ شیلااپ تکرش يزاگ تاناعیم يزا شور و داوم :اه لاس رد یفیصوت هعلاطم نیا 1395 تسیز تارطاخم ییاسانش .تفریذپ ماجنا و ینمیا ،یطیحم یتشادهب تیلاعف و تاسیسات زا لصاح وم یناسنا ياه هریخذ نزاخم رد دوج تاناعیم يزاس یفلد کینکت زا هدافتسا اب يزاگ و ماجنا کسیر سپس شور زا هدافتسا اب هدش ییاسانش ياه AHP ) Analytical Hierarchy Process ( هلسلس لیلحت و هیزجت ، یبتارم (FMEA) و هیزجت و احلیلحت لا ت تسکش یسررب آ و اث ر نآ تیولوا و یبایزرا دروم .تفرگ رارق يدنب هتفای اه : هعلاطم نیا رد 17 هک دش ییاسانش کسیر 12 سیر تسیز هب طوبرم نآ ک و یطیحم 5 و ینمیا هب طوبرم کسیر یتشادهب دوب هب جیاتن ساسا رب . تسیز کسیر نازیم نیرتلااب ،هدمآ تسد یطیحم ینمیا و ،بیترت هب نزاخم رد یتشادهب شتآ زوس ددع اب يدمع و یتسیرورت لماوع رثا رب ي RPN ) Priority Nnmber Risk ( ، 824 / 1 یح ...
Background: Kinetic models in natural wastewater treatment systems design can have an important role to help designing other parts from aspects of physical, hydraulic and process in real scale, and to determine the strengths and weaknesses of system. So, the initial aim of wetlands design is removal of organic matter is, BOD 5 and COD, so. Determining the kinetic coefficients is necessary. Method: In the present study, reaction kinetics of biological removal of organic substances in wastewater in subsurface reed beds have been investigated. For this purpose, samples from three sites in the lagoon were taken monthly during 6 months and the removal of organic materials, sBOD5 and sCOD was calculated. Afterward, the results were analyzed using the first order kinetic models, second order, Stover -Keane canon and statistical parameters. Results: Results showed the average concentration output of sBOD5 and sCOD in control of wetlands and reed, were 101.49, 56.92 and 81.78 and 46.18 mg/L, respectively. In the predicted behavior of organic matter removal, Stover -Keane Canon model presented closest connection between theoretical predictions and data of field reed beds. And the maximum coefficient of organic matter (U Max ) in the wetlands with reed sBOD5 sCOD and control were 120.48, 142.85 and 33.3, 31.25 mg/L, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, due to atmospheric conditions and design of Yazd wastewater treatment plant, the efficiency of this plant in removal of organic matter was high; Thereby provides sufficient reducing pollution and efficiency to meet the effluent outlet standards.
2012
Recently, sewage sludge as a cheap organic fertilizer and rich in nutrients has received considerable attention in many countries. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Tabriz petrochemical factory ' s biological sludge on some soil biochemical and chemical indices such as the number of microorganism s, substrate-ind uced respiration, electrical conductivity, hot water-soluble carbohydrates and total nitrogen as well as their temporal variations in a calcareous soil selected from Mohaghegh Ardabili University ' s Research Station. The greenhouse experiment was done as a factorial randomized complete block design with three replicates. The first factor was the rates of applied sludge as 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100 ton/ha of air dry soil and the second factor was the incubation times as 30, 90 and 180 days. Incubation of the treatments was done at 22±4 ◦ C and 0.75 field capacity moisture for 6 months. The results indicated that the all rates of applied slu...
Hydraulic and Structural Analysis of Babolrud River Training Using Some Applied Software
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2019
Occurrence of heavy floods in rivers causes a lot of damages and losses. In this research, to highlight the river-training reaches in 10.9 km of Babolrud River, first, using topographic map of the area, the Tin layer was created in GIS software. Then, using the HEC-GeoRAS extension, the main route and cross sections of the river were prepared and introduced to the HEC-RAS model. River discharge with return periods of 2 to 200 years was calculated. Flow analysis in the agricultural and urban areas was performed and the areas which need training measures such as flood-retaining walls and levees were specified and designed. The structural design, stability control and sliding was performed based on the Standard No. 518, using RetainWall software, and design and control of levee stability was performed based on the Standard No. 214, using GeoStudio software. The cost of project implementation was estimated based on the Price List of 2017. The output of HEC-RAS software showed that height of flood-retaining wall in 3 urban reaches ranged between 1.73 to 2.8 m and in 5 agricultural reaches ranged between 1.46 to 2.25 m. It was concluded that the overall cost of levee implementation is about 9.01 billion Rials, of gravity concrete flood-retaining wall is about 9.26 billion Rials and of concrete cantilever inverted T shape flood-retaining wall is about 10.05 billion Rials. Thus, using floodretaining levee is the most economical option.
Mudīriyyat-i ṣan̒atī, 2018
Objective: The purpose of this study is to provide a multi-objective model for ground transportation of hazardous materials in the hub network that tries to minimize the costs of transportation and construction of the hubs and the links, considering the existing risk in the hazardous materials transportation. Methods: The problem with the proposed Hub Location model will be solved using the real data of National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company and applying the Global Criterion Method. Then the sensitivity analysis of the model's results on some parameters is performed. Results: Considering the results of the model for 10 hubs, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari was chosen as the new hub location. The supply of oil products to each of the areas was also provided. Conclusion: Hazardous materials as raw materials or strategic products in different industries play an important role in the industrial development of the country. Transportation of hazardous materials is very important...
Performance of Olive Pit Ash's in Nitrate Removal from the Aqueous Solutions
2014
Nitrate ion in drinking water has been found to have a significant effect against health human. Nitrate is an acute toxic; it can be reduced to nitrite in the stomach when it can lead to have blue baby diseases in infants. This research is directed towards to elucidate the nitrate removal efficiency by kernel ashes of olive in water supply. Methods: This experimental study was conducted in a batch laboratory scale. The batch flow experiments for nitrate removal were undertaken to investigate the effects of the different parameters such as: initial concentrations of nitrate solution (50, 100, 150 mg/l), initial pH (3,5,7,9), detention time (15,30,60,120,180 min), and weight of adsorbent(.04, .06. .08 gr). Nitrate concentrations were measured by standard method using a spectrophotometer at two wavelengths 220 and 275 nm. Results: The Results obtained showed that the removal efficiency increases when the time and adsorbent dose is increased. By decreasing of pH value and the initial concentration of nitrate, the removal efficiency would be increased significantly. Investigation of the effect of nitrate initial concentration showed that increasing initial concentration of nitrate from 50 to 150 mg/l and without changing absorbent dose would lead to decrease in the absorption efficiency from 88% to 48% but the absorption capacity (qe) increased from 8.31 to 14.3. Moreover the maximum absorption took Place at 60 min of the first reaction. Conclusion: Nitrate removal by olive kernel ashes are considered as effective and appropriate method compared with other absorbents and the process is more efficient at acidic pH.
2016
Dynamic economic emission dispatch (DEED) is a multi-objective optimization problem by which the generators power output are scheduled over the whole dispatch period in order to minimize the fuel cost and emission. This multi-objective optimization problem should meet the load demand constraint and some non-linear constraints such as the valve-point loading effect, prohibited operating zones, and spinning reserve requirements. In this paper an integrated model of the DEED problem and the emergency demand response program (EDRP) has been presented. In the integrated model, the fuel cost and emission are minimized and the optimal incentive is determined simultaneously. In EDRP which is one of the incentive-based demand response programs, incentives are paid to the customers to motivate them reduce their consumption during peak hours or shift it to off-peak hours. The proposed model (DEED-EDRP) is a non-linear complicated optimization problem which may not be solved by the conventional methods. So, four different population-based meta-heuristic algorithms have been used to solve the combined problem. The proposed model has been applied on a ten units test system. Results show that the proposed model is so effective in reducing the total cost and emission and improving the load curve characteristics.