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Building a corpus of Italian Web forums
Journal for Language Technology and Computational Linguistics, 2009
This paper describes the creation of a reference corpus of nearly 1200 Web forum posts in Italian. The corpus was created evaluating and customizing a previous proposal for Xml standard encoding; a revised version of the relevant DTD is now proposed as reference for the structural features of Web forum posts and a set of correspondences, with little loss of information, is given for the TEI P5 encoding system. Preliminary results about syntactic features of the language of the posts are also included to sample the linguistic variability of this textual genre. 1 Overview Web forums are, arguably, the most popular interactive textual genre on the web. Current Eurostat surveys show that up to 50% of the citizens of some states of the European Union have posted at least a Web message in the year preceding the interview: this posting is undoubtedly often a forum posting. However, few studies (such as Light and Rogers 1999) have dealt with the linguistic or textual features of the forums or even with more basic facts such as their diffusion. Moreover, there is widespread variety even in the name of the genre. Describing Web forums, secondary literature calls them message boards, discussion boards, discussion groups, conversations, chatgroups, newsgroups and so on (as for classification issues for Web texts, see also Rehm et al. 2008). This variation also seems to push towards the grouping in the literature of many textual genres we find scarcely related from every point of view: Usenet newsgroups of the 1990s lack many of the features now common in Web forum interfaces, and so on. Typical of this attitude are syntheses such as Crystal (2006, pp. 134-177) where a single chapter devoted to "The language of chatgroups" describes both "asynchronous" and "synchronous groups", with a few lines of specification. In this paper we will instead deal with a very specific textual genre: asynchronous conversations collected in threads and managed by a particular kind of Web site. Many Web forums allow more than a single way of interaction and messages can be posted on them by various means (Web interface, e-mail and so on). We will see in § § 4-5 that this seems to have linguistic consequences more relevant than those connected to, say, the topic of the forum, hinting to the need to make subtler distinction between subgenres. We did not take into account, then, traditional newsgroups or mailing lists if they don't have a web interface allowing users not only to read past conversations but also to write new messages. On the other hand, we did consider as possible sample material every kind of forum where:
That the Internet invokes profound opportunities for language educators and students has been long discussed (with some of the better examples published in this very journal). In his 2001 book, Language and the Internet, David Crystal only sporadically mentions educational issues or contexts, but this does not diminish the importance or relevance of this book for applied linguists. Crystal, a prolific linguist who has authored numerous scholarly and reference texts on a variety of language related topics, turns his attention in this volume to the language practices visibly mediated by the Internet. In a personal preface to the volume, he mentions that as a prominent linguist, he has often been asked about what effect the Internet has had on language, a question for which he did not have a clear answer. This prompted him to explore a variety of what he terms "Internet situations," each of which comes to form a chapter in this 272-page volume.
Linguistics of Computer-Mediated Communication
IGI Global eBooks, 2011
Since its inception, the study of language has been one of the most fascinating disciplines, combining neurophysiology, anthropology, social psychology, and sociology. In recent years, linguistics has been challenged by the advent of the "new media" whose sensory channel permutations are so high and whose sociological and psychological characteristics are so complicated and intertwined that they stress the very concept of "media discourse." With the diffusion of the Internet for civil usage, people who had become familiar with using computers for computational, educational, and leisurely purposes also started engaging in hu
A TEI Schema for the Representation of Computer-mediated Communication
Journal of the Text Encoding Initiative, 2012
The paper presents an XML schema for the representation of genres of computer-mediated communication (CMC) which is compliant with the encoding framework defined by the TEI. It was designed for the annotation of CMC documents in the project "Deutsches Referenzkorpus zur internetbasierten Kommunikation" (DeRiK), which aims at building a corpus on language use in the most popular CMC genres on the German-speaking internet. The focus of the schema is on those CMC genres which are written and dialogic-such as forums, bulletin boards, chats, instant messaging, wiki and weblog discussions, microblogging on Twitter, and conversation on "social network" sites.
The Italian Language in the Digital Age
ASOS Journal - The Journal of Academic Social Science , 2018
This article is a reflection on the linguistic changes concerning the Italian language due to ICT. The technological revolution is a global phenomenon which has started to affect the English language. Hence, it has contaminated every idiom and, of course, also the language of the "Bel Paese". This investigation is specifically fo-cused on the linguistic features of Italian used in social networks. This language is concise, dialogical, full of English loanwords, abbreviations and acronyms; it uses neologisms, youthful expressions, emoticons, emojis and onomatopoeic words tak-en from the world of comic books. The use of "punctuation marks" has also been affected by the digital world. Thanks to online communities and Youtube channels, İtalian dialects are spreading all over the world. This investigation has adopted a corpus linguistic approach. The reference corpus is made up of 200 posts, gathered from 2017 to 2018 from Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp messages and blogs.
2018
In this paper, we investigate the spelling conventions on the Twitter microblogging platform. In order to gain insight into the universalities and specificities of communication on social media, we perform a comparative analysis of three closely related languages: Slovene, Croatian and Serbian. The data collection and annotation protocols were developed jointly for all three languages, allowing for maximum interoperability and comparability of results. The analysis reveals differences in the amount of deviation from the norm in the three languages, with Slovene twitterese being the most inclined to using non-standard spelling, and Serbian the least. Overall, closed word classes, especially interjections and abbreviations, are found to be more non-standard than the open classes. In terms of types of standard > non-standard transformations, character deletions are more frequent than insertions or replacements, and transformations mostly occur in word-final positions. The discrepancies between languages are largely due to the pronounced tendency of Slovene and Croatian to use spoken-like, regional and dialectal forms characterised by vowel omissions, especially at the end of words. This analysis and the resulting datasets can be used to further study the properties of non-standard Slovene, Croatian and Serbian, as well as to develop language technologies for nonstandard data in these languages.
Ciberpragmática. El uso del lenguaje en Internet [Cyberpragmatics. Language Use on the Internet
Journal of Pragmatics, 2003
At the end of the nineteenth century the symbolist poet Rimbaud urged us to ''be absolutely modern'', while a hundred years later the cyberguru Negroponte (1995) suggests that we should ''be absolutely digital''. From a communicative point of view, the digital human being (typically, an individual who lives in a sophisticated metropolitan area of a prosperous first-world country) is an on-line person who interacts technologically with similar people in a virtual community environment. As happened with the telephone in the past, this new telematic way of communicative life is modifying human relationships as we know them today; and changes may well be greater in the very near future, when technology allows the normalization of virtual interactive encounters by means of multimedia conferencing and other telecommunicative advances unimaginable at the present time. As Yus recalls in his book, in our continuous interaction with the environment on which our lives depend, human beings have progressively adapted, first to the natural world, later to the industrial world, and now to the telematic world. At each one of these three crucial cultural points, humans have had to enrich and adapt their linguistic and communicative abilities to face new cognitive challenges. In this respect, Castells (1996) wrote: ''New Information Technologies are radically transforming the contemporary world at all levels: economy, society, culture, and everyday life''. It stands to reason that linguistics can't remain unconcerned about these changes. Linguistics must explore the characteristics of emergent e-communicative modalities, and must answer new questions that demand new positions and new explicative models. Consequently, this novel technological communicative scene generates new linguistic concerns and new research frameworks which, little by little, are appearing in specialized journals and books, like the case in point, Ciberpragma´tica (Cyberpragmatics) by Francisco Yus (University of Alicante, Spain), the first book in Spanish that makes a global proposal on these topics, and the very first book that analyses on-line human communication from the pragmatic viewpoint.