Pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical investigations on Pterospermum acerifolium leaves (original) (raw)
2010, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research
Background: The genus Ocimum comprised of vast number of species and many of them have potential to control wide range of health problems. Objective: The study primarily focused to characterize pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical evaluation of hitherto unknown wild Ocimum basilicum with Ocimum tenuiflorum CIM-AYU. Materials and Methods: A detailed preliminary Phyto pharmacognostic characteristics in fully expanded healthy leaves of two Ocimum species (O. basilicum and O. tenuiflorum) were done including, organoleptic, morphological, microscopical, physicochemical and phytochemical properties in solvent extracts using different solvent fractions according to the Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia. Results: Overall, O. tenuiflorum exhibit superior morphological characters than Ocimum basilicum. Whereas, organoleptic evaluation confirms that O. basilicum exhibit a sharp pungent smell. In O. basilicum, the distribution of trichomes found to be relatively more than the plant studied for comparison in the present study. On the other hand, water solubility fraction of O.basilicum is 48.84% which twice higher than O. tenuiflorum (23.53%). Similarly, the alcohol solubility of O. basilicum is significantly higher than O. tenuiflorum. The phytochemical screening results with methanolic fraction found to be positive in almost 12 parameters than other solvent fractions in O. basilicum. Conclusion: The present studies further validate that, Ocimum basilicum. L. var. pilosum (willd.) Benth. a novel and potential medicinal herb with sharp pungent aromatic principles. Further the methanolic soluble leaf fraction draw of all phytochemical constituents of the medicinal herb adds additional pharmacognostic characteristics to plant Indian pharmacopoeia.
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