Relationship Between Crime Level, Unemployment, Poverty, Corruption And Inflation In Nigeria (An Empirical Ananlysis) (original) (raw)
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THE NEXUS AMONG UNEMPLOYMENT, POVERTY AND CRIME IN CONTEMPORARY NIGERIA
Reality of Politics, 2022
Unemployment and poverty have been the major causes of crime in developing countries, Nigeria inclusive. The main objective of this paper was to show the connections among unemployment, poverty and crime in Nigeria. It also examined unemployment and poverty rates in Nigeria. The research design adopted for this paper is cross-sectional and explanatory. The paper adopted conceptual framework to show the nexus among the concepts. It used secondary sources of data collection and data analysis was based on content analysis. The study revealed that there is a strong link between unemployment, poverty and crime in Nigeria. The relationship among the concepts is bi-directional. Unemployment has adverse effect on poverty and crime rate. So also poverty negatively affects unemployment and crime rates. Increase in crime rates leads to increase in unemployment and poverty. The paper therefore recommended amongst others that the rate of unemployment must reduce if poverty and crime must reduce. Also the rate of unemployment can be reduced through provision of jobs which will consequently reduce the rate of poverty and also make crime unattractive on the long run.
International Journal of Health Economics and Policy, 2019
The study examined the determinants of crimes in Nigeria from economic and socioeconomic perspectives: A macro-level analysis using a time series data covering the period of 1990 to 2014. Both economic and socioeconomic factors that determinant crime were included in the model. The economic factors include GDP per capita; male unemployment rate; female unemployment rate and poverty rate while the socioeconomic-demographic factors include higher education enrolment; urban population and rural population. The study embraces the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to empirically analyze the model since the variables were stationary at levels I(0) and first difference I(1). The empirical results in the long-run indicated that gross domestic product per capita and female unemployment rate was found to have a negative significant effect on crime rate in Nigeria while urban and rural population, male and female unemployment rate were found to have a positive significant effect on crime rate in Nigeria. Also, the results of the short-run indicated that gross domestic product per capita and higher education was found to have a negative significant effect on crime rate in Nigeria while urban population, male unemployment rate and poverty rate were found to have a positive significant effect on crime rate in Nigeria in the short-run. Therefore, for a country like Nigeria to reduce criminal activities in the country, there must be an increase in the income of the people. Also, government should invest more in education because it makes the people more rational and more risk averse and so it reduces the propensity to commit crimes. Therefore, higher education attainment will be the cure for criminal activities in Nigeria. Government should also create more jobs because high unemployment rates will compel people to commit crimes and this will increase crime rate in Nigeria. Lastly, there should be high budgetary provision towards poverty alleviation programme because higher poverty may lead to higher crimes rate due to depression or mental illness associated with being poor and this will decreases the rate of return of legal activities and more likely to increase return of illegal activities.
Socio-Economic Determinants of Crime: Further Evidence from Nigeria
2018
This study examines the socioeconomic and demographic determinants of crime in Nigeria, using error-correction modelling approach for 1981-2015. The results indicate that the twin macroeconomic problems of inflation and unemployment positively impact on crime rate in Nigeria. The level of education was also found to be significant and negatively related to crime rates, suggesting that education not only make people risk averse, but also indirectly alters individual’s decision to adopt criminal behaviour. Also, the one-period lagged value of average income was significant and negatively related to crime rate, suggesting that, appreciable increase in per capita income tends to reduce the incentive to commit crime. Accordingly, the study recommends, among others, the need for the relevant authorities to design and implement policy measures aimed at combating the twin evil of inflation and unemployment on the one hand, and increasing the level of education and schooling, especially amon...
Assessment of Youth Unemployment, Security and Corruption in Nigeria: 1986-2015
International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, 2018
The paper examines impact of insecurity and corruption on unemployment in Nigeria. Unemployment has been on the increase and government's effort aimed at addressing the problem has been ineffective. This situation is compounded by the fact that high level of corruption prevented the provision of soft and hard infrastructures that would have mitigated against unemployment. An empirical assessment of this issue is scarce as existing literatures mainly focus on the relationship between economic growth and corruption as well as insecurity. The study employed both descriptive and econometric methods to analyze the data. The data obtained from various issues of the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletins and annual reports as well as Transparency International covered the period 1986-2015. Consequently, the model was estimated using cointegration and error correction method. The study found that unemployment has a long-run relationship with corruption and government expenditure on defence. Thus, in the long run, unemployment had a positive and significant response to changes in corruption perception index (0.72%) and corruption rank (0.28%) contrary to its 2.63% response to government expenditure on defence. Finding also indicate that a 1% increase in corruption perception index, corruption rank as well as a dummy of insecurity led to increase in unemployment by about 0.26%, 0.98% and 0.27% respectively in the short run. Therefore, government may consider improvement in security and eradication of corruption in order to mitigate unemployment. Consequently, the fight against corruption should involves appointment of those with integrity to head the anti-graft agencies.
Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 2014
The study investigates the relationship between unemployment, inflation and crime in Nigeria. The study examines the causal relationship between unemployment, inflation and crime in Nigeria for the period 1980-2011. The stationarity properties of the data and the order of integration of the data were tested using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test. The variables tested stationary at first differences. The Johansen approach of cointegration was applied to test for the long-run relationship among the variables. The result indicated three (3) cointegrating relations between the variables; the Granger-causality suggests that there is unidirectional causality running from unemployment and inflation to crime in Nigeria. The study concludes that unemployment in Nigeria Granger causes crime. The reason is that unemployment rate in Nigeria is a complementary indicator of income opportunities in the legal labour market. Therefore, when, unemployment rate increases the opportunities for earning income decreases which instigate the individuals to commit crime. The costs of committing crime go down for unemployed workers. The results of causality support this proposition that unemployment causes crime. The study recommends that holistic effort should be made by governments at all levels to create jobs and arrest unemployment. Nigerian government instead of employing foreigners should sponsor her citizens abroad for studies in diverse fields of study.
Empirical Analysis of the Effect of Corruption on Poverty in Nigeria from 1995-2019
ATBU Journal of Science, Technology and Education, 2021
The aim of this study was to empirically analyze the effect of corruption on poverty in Nigeria, using time series or secondary data spanning the period 1995 to 2019.The study used expost-facto design as its guide and the data were sourced from the publication of Transparency International, Central Bank of Nigeria Bulletins and National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) respectively. Thus, the ADF unit root test for single equation modeling revealed that the data became stationary at first difference, 1(1). The used corruption perception index (CPI), corruption Ranking (CRK) and income inequality (INQ) as explanatory variables, while poverty rate was considered the dependent variable. The Error Correction Modeling (ECM) technique was therefore used for model estimation. The findings from this empirical study revealed that corruption perception index and the Gini coefficient index used as measured of income inequality had statistically significant positive effects on poverty in Nigeria. It was also found also that corruption ranking had an insignificant positive effect on poverty. The study concluded that corruption affect poverty in Nigeria, and recommended among others that government should enact and implement policies and programmes that will help in curbing corruption in Nigeria in order to reducing the corruption perception index, government should provide opportunities for citizens to earn more income so as to reducing the level of poverty in the country and government should also adopt fiscal policy instruments that will ensure equality in income distribution and address poverty.
Corruption and Poverty: The Nigerian Experience (1999 – 2021)
European Modern Studies Journal, 2023
The twin menace of corruption and poverty in Nigeria has been limiting the nation's economic progress. This study, therefore, investigated the relationship between corruption and poverty in Nigeria with the objective of assessing their trends between 1999-2021 and investigating the relationship between them. The paper used both descriptive and inferential statistics. The stationarity properties of the variables of interest were assessed. Four (4) models were estimated in the paper. The paper found out that poverty has a positive and statistically significant impact on corruption in Nigeria while the impact of corruption on poverty is negative. This negative impact is not statistically significant. It was, therefore, recommended that governments at both the federal and state levels should concentrate more of their efforts on eradicating poverty in Nigeria through increase in economic growth, reduction in inflation and unemployment. In the face of rising level of poverty, every effort to fight corruption will be futile.
Journal Of Social Sciences (JSS), National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN), 2020
The incidence of street criminality in Cross River State, Nigeria, has assumed a worrisome dimension and may be worsened if it is allowed unchecked. The study was primarily designed to investigate how unemployment and poverty as socio-economic factors relate to street crimes in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria. Relevant literature was reviewed and the structural strain theory of crime was used to explain the crime problem. While the survey research design was adopted, the purposive and snowball sampling techniques were utilised for the administration of the questionnaire which formed the major instrument of primary data collection for the study. Using the survey systems online sample size calculation model, a total of 384 respondents were adopted for the study. Findings from the study revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between poor standards of living and unemployment to street crimes in Calabar Metropolis. Based on these findings, the following recommendations were made: local authorities should make and implement engaging policies and decisions that will affect the lives of the youths positively; government should revitalise areas of skill acquisition and entrepreneurial development programmes for the youths; and the use of local contents with specific reference to human resources for paid labour/services should be given priority by the government and other viable private organisations.
POVERTY AND UNEMPLOYMENT AND CORRUPTION IN NIGERIAN PUBLIC SECTOR
This study is on the effect of corruption on poverty and unemployment in Nigeria. Secondary sources of data were utilized for the study and were obtained from National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and Transparency International (TI), while the data were analyzed using EViews8's ordinary least square (OLS) regression technique. From the statistical analysis, the study concluded that there is an insignificant positive relationship between corruption, and unemployment and poverty in Nigeria. Consequently, it recommended that for corruption to be reduced to its barest minimum in Nigerian public sector the government must take urgent steps to reduce unemployment and poverty, which may include the creation of industry specific university programmes that will reduce unemployment and poverty, creation of entrepreneurship friendly environment, and the strengthening of the existing anti-corruption laws so as to effectively prosecute corrupt cases.
Poverty and Crimes in Nigeria: Indices of Governance Failure
Public Administration Research, 2016
Poverty and means of survival has contributed in no small measure to the level of crimes being committed in Nigeria. In our contemporary time, the rate at which crimes are being perpetrated in Nigeria is unparalleled. The nation’s problem is not unconnected with weakness in its administrative system; where a few powerful cliques hijacked the administrative apparatus to serve their interests to the detriments of the citizenry. Accordingly, widespread impunity became prevalence among the government actors, corruption thrives, and disease germinates, poverty blossoms, crime breeds, and permeated the nooks and crannies of the nation. The nation’s Managers responded to the problem by cosmeticizing the nation’s image with the slogan – “Nigerians, good people great nation” a negation or aberration of the popular saying – “a hungry man is an angry man”; instead of giving good governance to the citizenry. It is on this note that the study examined the nexus between poverty and crimes in Nige...