Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health: An international study (original) (raw)
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. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 2686., 2021
Abstract: Despite the global impact of COVID-19, studies comparing the effects of COVID-19 on population mental health across countries are sparse. This study aimed to compare anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown among adults from 11 countries and to examine their associations with country-level COVID-19 factors and personal COVID-19 exposure. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults (≥18 years) in 11 countries (Brazil, Bulgaria, China, India, Ireland, North Macedonia, Malaysia, Singapore, Spain, Turkey, United States). Mental health (anxiety, depression, resilient coping, hope) and other study data were collected between June–August 2020. Of the 13,263 participants, 62.8% were female and 51.7% were 18–34 years old. Participants living in Brazil had the highest anxiety and depression symptoms while participants living in Singapore had the lowest. Greater personal COVID-19 exposure was associated with increased anxiety and depression symptoms, but country-level COVID-19 factors were not. Higher levels of hope were associated with reduced anxiety and depression; higher levels of resilient coping were associated with reduced anxiety but not depression. Substantial variations exist in anxiety and depression symptoms across countries during the COVID-19 lockdown, with personal COVID-19 exposure being a significant risk factor. Strategies that mitigate COVID-19 exposure and enhance hope and resilience may reduce anxiety and depression during global emergencies. Keywords: COVID-19; mental health; anxiety; depression; multi-country; resilient coping; hope; adults
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown Measures on Mental Health
2021
Background: An Uncontrolled Novel COVID-19 started from Wuhan city of China in Late 2019 and spread worldwide has called for unprecedented measures, to prevent it Pakistan government Imposed lockdown on the entire country. Lockdown has a huge impact and affected on mental health of population. The present study aims to assess the effect of COVID-19 on mental health of population and identify the coping strategies to overcome this mental health issues caused by pandemic. Methods: An online survey was administered from 26 May-14 June 2020 to 398 participants. Post Hoc test was performed to examine the associations between general health questionnaire GHQ-12 and socio-economic variables. Results: Losing jobs due to pandemic and lockdown situation and using negative coping strategies were the factors associated with psychological disorders.This study shows high rates of anxiety and stress in younger population specifically in young women with higher odds of endorsing a worst mental heal...
Middle East Current Psychiatry, 2021
Lockdown conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic have affected the mental health of people, especially the youth. This study examined the effect of lockdown on mental health of Egypt, Ghana, India, Pakistan, and the Philippines and assessed the coping strategies in practice by youth. Philippines had the highest mean score in all three domains followed by Egypt, Pakistan, India, and then Ghana. There was a significant association of gender with stress, educational status with depression, and anxiety with stress. Students were associated with anxiety, and the history of close friends/family infected with COVID-19 was found to be associated with depression and stress scores. The most common coping strategy for the Philippines was self-destruction; for Pakistan was religion; and for Egypt, India, and Ghana was acceptance. Using linear regression model, the highest scores observed in all three domains were associated with avoidant coping. The findings of the study confirm that COVID-19 l...
Mental Health Consequences of Lockdown During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Frontiers in Psychology, 2021
ObjectiveWe aimed to provide an overview of the psychological status and behavioral consequences of the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic in Libya.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among the Libyan population through May and June 2020 in more than 20 cities. The survey comprised basic demographic data of the participants and anxiety symptoms measured using the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) with ≥15 as the cut-off score for clinically significant anxiety symptoms. Additionally, a survey regarding the lockdown effect was administered, which consisted of several parts, to measure the lockdown status.ResultsA total of 8084 responses were recorded, of which, 5090 (63%) were women and 2994 (37%) were men. The mean age (SD) for study participants was 27.2 (8.9) years. Among the participants, 1145 (14.2%) reached the cut-off score to detect anxiety symptoms; however, of the study variables, only five were predictors of clinically significant anxiety: a...
COVID-19 and Lockdown: A study on the Impact on Mental Health
2020
Covid-19 pandemic has caused havoc worldwide. India is also going through a challenging situation as the number of infected/positive cases is increasing day by day. With strict preventive measures and restrictions by the Indian Government in the form of nationwide lockdown, the citizens are going through a range of psychological and emotion reactions, fear and uncertainty being one of them. This study was conducted with the aim of exploring the impact of Covid-19 and lockdown on the mental health of individuals. DASS-21 was used to assess Depression, Anxiety and Stress among 1000 respondents. Results suggest that there is a significant difference among Depression, Anxiety and Stress across age, gender and employment. Also, Depression was found to be highamongthe respondents of age range 15-35 years, Anxiety was found to be prevalent among those belonging to 21-25 years of age and Stress was found to be high in individuals of 21-25 years of age.
Dergipark, 2020
COVID-19 pandemic lockdown caused sudden and drastic alteration in the daily routine, which resulted in a psychological burden for the general population. So the study aimed to study the effect of lockdown on mental health and its correlation with physical health among healthy working adults. This quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted in Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, the southernmost state of India. A convenient sample of 590 healthy working adults was participated and completed a self-administered questionnaire. A paired t-test was used to compare the mean score of physical and mental health. Pearson correlation test was used to determine the correlation between physical symptoms and mental health. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the frequencies of variables. A significant P value was set at 0.05 at 95% confidence interval. The results showed that more than half (56.6%) of participants were reported that they had good physical health, on the other side more than half (55.1%) of participants reported that they had an average level of mental health during the lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic. The physical symptoms like headache, sleeping pattern, gas trouble, indigestion, and palpitation were had a correlation with mental health. In conclusion, the Covid-19 pandemic had a significant effect on the physical and mental health of the working adult population. Particularly, it affected the mental health of people which eventually had various noticeable effects on physical health also.
A STUDY ON MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF INDIVIDUALS AMID COVID-19 PANDEMIC LOCKDOWN
Mukt Shabd Journal, 2020
The worldwide Pandemic caused due to Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), is posing a drastic effect on individual's mental as well as physical health. The transmission of disease can be prevented by various measures taken by the government in the form of social distancing, quarantine, isolation of the infected individuals and lockdown. These preventive and strict measures which are imposed on individuals require an evaluation of how these measures are affecting the mental health and well-being of people. This study was undertaken with the aim of assessing the Mental Health and Well-Being of individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Mental Health Inventory-5 and WHO Ten Well-Being Index were administered among 100 respondents. The study explored the impact of marital status and family structure on the Mental Health and Well-Being of individuals during the lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Gender differences in Mental Health and Well-Being were also analysed. The results of the present study showed that the majority of the respondents scored high on Mental Health Inventory and nearly fifty-percent scored high on the Well-Being Index. Despite the COVID-19 Lockdown,the Indian population does not reveal disheartening results.The study revealed findings that may have a number of implications for further researches.
Romanian Journal of Neurology
Objective. The aim of this research was access the effect of lockdown on the psychological health status of people. Methods. This was an online questionnaire survey developed and circulated among people using snow-ball sampling techniques from April to mid of June 2020. The online survey collected information on demographic data and psychosocial health elements. Results. This study included 604 peoples (59.1% were female and 40.8% were females) of Haryana. Of the total respondents, 57.6% were in age group of 18-30 years, 40.8% were in 31-45 years and 1.5% was in 45-60 years group. 90% of people have normal self- reported BMI, 6.5% were overweight, 3% were underweight and 0.5% people have obesity. 74% respondents were graduate, 11.5% postgraduate, 3.2% were PhD, and 9.2% were 12th pass. 31.8% were unemployed, 35.9% were student, 15.8% regular government employee, 4.7% were self- employed and 2.5% were adhoc/contract employee. 79.5% people reside in urban community and 16% in rural co...
Impact of lockdown due to COVID-19 on physical and mental health
2020
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought into focus the mental health of various affected populations. Studies on the effects on mental health due to COVID-19 are scarce. The aim of the present study was to find the impact of lockdown due to COVID-19 on physical and mental health. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between June and August 2020 in 310 individuals. An online questionnaire on the Google form platform, internally validated was sent through email and What’s App. The primary outcome measure was to assess the impact of lockdown on physical and mental health, whereas the secondary outcome measure was to study the impact of lockdown on individuals’ daily habits. A comparison of the distribution of categorical variables was done using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Results: Mental health problems and stress were increased in 42.9 % and 61.0 % of respondents. In all 61.3 % and 58.4 % reported a positive change in attitude towards life and enjoyed their ...
Anxiety, Depression, and Stressors Related to a COVID-19 Lockdown
Journal of Anxiety & Depression, 2020
Several negative effects of COVID-19 have been noted on the psychological well-being of individuals experiencing lockdowns in different parts of the world. Anxiety and depression have been the most frequently studied problems, although stress and PTSD symptoms as well as fatigue and sleep disturbances have also been reported. Most of these studies have focused on the prevalence of these problems. For example, in a sample from China, 35% experienced anxiety, 20% depression and 8% sleep disturbances [1]. Similar levels were reported in another lockdown sample from China for anxiety at 29%, depression at 17%, and stress at 8% [2]. And, in a sample from Italy, similar prevalence data were noted including 33% for anxiety and 24% for depression, although both sleep disturbances and stress were notably more prevalent in this sample at 52% and 50% respectively [3].