Infestation of Zebu cattle ( Bos indicus Linnaeus) by hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Veterinary Science and Research
Ticks are one of the best known groups of ecto parasites, which affect the cattle production and productivity either by transmitting different tick borne disease or by affecting health of cattle and as well as the quality of hides. Cross-sectional study design was implemented with the objective to estimate the prevalence of tick infestation and to identify the type tick of cattle in and around Honkola-Wabe woreda of Arsi zone of Oromia regional state, from January 2021 to August 2021. 400 cattle (local and cross breed) were selected using simple random sampling from four randomly selected kebeles; and examined for tick infestation and adult tick were collected for tick identification. From these 292(73%) of the animals were infested with different tick species and 108 (27%) of them were free of tick infestation. The highest number of cattle was infested with Amblyomma 160 (40%) followed by Boophilus 71(18%), Rhipicephalus 48 (12%) and Hyalomma 12(3%). There were significant statisti...
The study was carried out between March 2007 and April 2008, using the composition of hard ticks on cattle at Enugu, Ugwuoba and Amansea cattle markets in southeastern Nigeria to determine the ecological indices of parasitic ticks in the area. Four genera of hard ticks Amblyomma, Boophilus, Hyalomma, and Rhipicephalus were identified. Mean relative abundance and mean infestation rates for Amblyomma variegatum was 19.76±0.71 and 1:5.8, Boophilus annulatus (22.42±0.95 and 1:5.3), Hyalomma spp (34.25±1.64 and 1:3.3) and Rhipicephalus spp. (23.55±1.31 and 1:5.4). Generally, 13.53% of all the ticks were recovered from the neck region, while 11.53%, 10.9%, 8.4% and 7.02%, 6.14% and 5.14% were from the hind legs, back, belly, forelegs, head, and tails of the cattle respectively. The flanks, scrotum and dewlap yielded 5.14% each, but less numbers were detached from the udder (4.14%), ears (4.14%), brisket (3.88%), groins (3.88%), shoulders (2.63%), and escutcheon (2.63%). Ecological indices determined for the area were Margalef's species richness (d) = 0.4490, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) = 0.5911, Evenness index (E) = 1.6310, and Simpson's dominance values (C = 0.2634, D = 0.2623, and (D I ) = 3.8124). Statistical t-test confirmed no significant difference in the indices between these three cattle markets (P>0.001). The results from this study will be valuable to future researchers in this field of study as well as help to fully understand the epidemiology of tick-transmitted diseases among domestic animals and man. It will also promote evidence-based decision for the surveillance of tick-borne diseases, especially emerging human babesiosis in the West African Sub-Region.
The prevalence of Ixodid ticks of cattle in Borno and Yobe states, Northeastern Nigeria was studied from March to October, 2010. Out of 3,150 cattle examined in these areas, 1,095 (34.8%) of them were infested with ticks. Of these, 57.1% of the infestation was among cattle in Borno State, while 42.9% was observed in Yobe State. Out of the total number of cattle examined, 2,175 (69.0) were males and 33.8% of them were infested with ticks. The number of females examined was 975 (31.0), out of which 36.9% had ticks. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the infestation of ticks between the male and female cattle. The ticks observed on the cattle in both states were Amblyomma variegatum (43.8%), followed by Hyalomma sp (24.7%), Boophilus sp (21.9%) and Dermacentor sp (9.6%). Overall, tick infestation occurred most among the White Fulani breed with a prevalence of 240 (21.9%), followed by N' dama and Red Bororo in which the prevalence of ticks was 180 (16.4%) for each of the breeds. The least (6.8%) infestation of ticks was among the Keteku breed. The preferred sites of attachment for ticks among cattle examined in Borno state were inner thigh, dew lap, abdomen, legs, udder, dorsum, ear and hump, in this order. Cattle examined in Yobe state were infested on their dorsum, inner thigh, legs, abdomen, udder and then on the dew lap, ear and hump. The ticks observed infesting cattle in these states are of veterinary importance, because they are vectors of economically important blood protozoan parasites. Adequate control measures should therefore be adopted to protect these animals.
A cross sectional study was conducted with the aim of identifying and estimating the prevalence of cattle tick infestation with respect to host related factors in Bedele district, Western Ethiopia. A total of 384 cattle were considered in the study, and both physical examination and microscopical investigation were employed. The study revealed that there was high tick infestation in the study with an overall prevalence of 315 (82%). Four species of ixodidae ticks were identified from the study area. Among the ticks, Amblyomma cohaerens (41.5%) was the most prevalent tick species while Amblyomma variegatum was the least prevalent (6.5%) tick species recorded in the study. All species of ticks had more than one male to female ratio except Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (0.0097:1). There was no statistically significant association between hosts related factors and tick prevalence except for body condition score. Cattle with poor body condition have significantly (p < 0.05) higher tick burden than cattle with the other body condition scores. All tick species were distributed and attached with statistically significant (p < 0.05) variation among different parts of the host body, while all ticks inflict significantly diverse (p < 0.05) types of lesion except A. variegatum. Overall, the present study revealed very high prevalence of tick infestation that could potentially hamper the productivity of cattle in the study area, hence a serious measure should be put in place to control and reduce the adverse effect of tick infestation.
Prevalence of Tick Infestation in Different Breeds of Cattle in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria
Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2014
A survey study was conducted from June to December 2009 using standard parasitological procedures to determine the prevalence of tick infestation among cattle of different breeds in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria. The tick species identified were Boophilus microplus, Amblyomma variegatum, Hyalomma spp., Rhipicephalus sanguineous and Ornithodorus spp. Of the 205 cattle examined, 63.4% (95% CI: 56.8 70.0) were tick infested. Males had a non significantly (P > 0.05) higher infestation rate of 63.4% (56.7 71.7) compared with the females 60.9% (46.8 75.0). Younger animals aged ? 3 years had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher prevalence of 85.4% (74.6 96.2) as compared with the adults aged > 3 7 years 55.8% (46.3 65.3) and older animals > 7 years 35.0% (22.9 47.1). Among breeds, Wadara and Kuri had significantly (P < 0.05) higher infestation rates of 66.1% (57.9 74.3) and 66.7% (13.4 120.0) respectively. Gudali had 60.9% (41.0 80.8), Rahaji 58.0% (44.3...
Ixodid Ticks Infestation of Zebu Cattle Crosses in Sokoto State Nigeria
2017
Ticks transmit different tick-borne diseases (TBD) in cattle and humans while their bites predispose the cattle to dermatophilosis which result in down-grade of hides and other production loses. Zebu Cattle (Bos indicus) Crosses found in 5 Local Government Areas of Sokoto State were sampled for ticks between February and July 2013. Body surfaces of the 498 cattle were visually examined and any tick found was manually detached and preserved in 70% ethanol and subsequently identified using the Keys to African Ticks. A total of 1528 hard ticks infested 288 cattle [infestation rate IR (%) = 57.3; mean tick burden, MTB (tick/cattle) = 5.44±1.21]. Generally, Bulls were more infested (IR=63.9; MTB=5.75±1.12) than cows (IR=54.4%; MTB=5.17±1.56). Among Zebu crosses, infestation was in the order Friesian-X (IR=61.2; MTB=6.1±1.1), Red Bororo (IR=60.0; MTB=5.0±9.56), Sokoto Gudali (IR=59.5; MTB=5.3±1.27), and White Fulani (IR=52.1; MTB=5.6±2.6). Genera of ticks identified were Hyalomma (60.9%),...
Species diversity, distribution and predilection sites of ticks introduced from north-eastern Nigeria into Enugu, Ugwuoba, and Amansea Cattle Markets in south-eastern Nigeria were determined between March 2007 and April 2008. Amblyomma variegatum, Boophilus annulatus, Hyalomma truncatum and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus which have been implicated as vectors of tick-borne infectious diseases (TBID) of man and animals were identified. Percentage composition of the ticks was Amblyo-mma variegatum (20.05%), Boophilus annulatus (22.05%), Hyalomma truncatum (34.84%) and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (23.06%). The values for Simpson's indices also weighted towards the abundance of the commonest species as Hyalomma truncatum (0.1211), Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (0.0529), Boophilus annulatus (0.0484), and Amblyomma variegatum (0.0399). There was no significant differences between ecological indices for the cattle markets studied (p>0.001). Generally, the neck region contributed nearly...
A cross- sectional study was conducted in Tullo district from November 2017 to April 2018 to estimate the prevalence of major ixodidea ticks on bovine and to identify ticks on the species level. Study animals were selected a systematic random and a total of 384 cattle examined, 159(41.4 %) were to be infested. From the total 657 adult ticks collected, three genera and five tick species encountered were; A. varigutum, A. Coherence, A. gema, B. decolaratus and R. Pullchelus were identified, and account for 38.8%, 2.1%, 1.3%, 25% and 4.4%, respectively. Peasant Associations, sex, age, body conditions of animals, breed and ticks genera were major factors involved in the study. Different prevalence of tick infestations was significant(P<0.05) in peasant associations and recorded with 41.6%, 81.8%, 23.4%, 33.8% and 26.3% in Kira Kufis, Ragesis, Tarkafata, Lubu dekeb and Hakan Jirata, respectively. A relatively high tick infestation was recorded in Ragesis and the lowest tick infestation in Tarkafata. The prevalence tick infestation was significant association (P<0.05) between the groups of ages. There were relatively highest in old (81.9%) than the young (47.9%) and adult age (34.3%) groups. There was also no significant variation on the prevalence of tick infestations (P>0.05) in sex groups of animals. Female (44.3 %) was more infested than male animals (37.4 %). Regarding to body condition, there was significant (P<0.05) within tick infestation that higher in poor body condition (84.5%) than good (10.3%) and medium body condition (40.9%). The prevalence of tick infestation was significant association between breed groups. Local breeds (43.3%) cattle’s was more infested than cross breeds (5.3%). It has also been evident that the favorable predilection sites of A. variegatum ticks were preferred scrotum/udder and brisket. B. decoloratus preferred dewlap, scrotum/udder and R. Pullchelus had a strong affinity on anus, and ears. From this study we can make a conclusion that the prevalent ticks could also be responsible for transmission of tick borne diseases in addition to their physical damage. Therefore, further studies should be carried out on tick burden and tick borne diseases.
Parasite Epidemiology and Control, 2021
Background: Ticks and tick-borne diseases cause major losses in the livestock economy. From both human and veterinary viewpoints, ticks are very important vectors. Methods and results: This cross-sectional research was conducted to study the prevalence, tick distribution, and related risk factors in the Borana pastoral region of the Yabello district, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. A total of 445 cattle were examined for the presence of tick infestation collected from different body parts of the cattle and 89.89% (400/445) of indigenous cattle harbor a total of 7,778 adult ticks belonging to four different genera of ticks namely Rhipicephalus (78.31%), Amblyomma (13.46%), Boophilus (7.01%), and Hyalomma (1.22%). Besides, Rhipicephalus pulchellus (73.17%) and Amblyomma varigatum (7.57%) were among the most prevalent tick species identified whereas Hyalomma dromedari (0.08%) was found to be the least one. In this study, high proportions of ticks were collected from the head and ear (34.57%) followed by anus and vulva (29.47%), scrotum/udder (19.18%), dewlap and neck (8.77%), brisket (7.16%) and belly and back (0.85%). Moreover, a high proportion of Amblyomma species were collected from scrotum/udder (47.76%) and brisket (38.01%); Rhipicephalus species from head and ear (41.14%), anus and vulva (33.64%); Hyalomma species from scrotum/udder (41.05%), anus and vulva (28.42%) and dewlap and neck (20%) whereas most Boophilus species were collected from anus and vulva region (32.48%) and head and ear (31.19%). A statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed among potential risk factors like age group being higher in adult animals and different kebeles such as Dharito kebele and Dida Tuyoura ranch. Conclusion: The result of this survey indicates that economically important ticks are widespread throughout the study areas and their presence in abundance is alerting. To minimize losses attributed to ticks and tick-borne disease cost-effective control strategy should be designed.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2017
Cattle from arid north which graze at Amansea in southern Nigeria were thought to introduceticks in the new area. Burden, seasonality, sex ratio and preferred sites of ticks on cattle were studied in late wet season of 2012 and early dry season of 2013 at Amansea. Cattle (n=200) were randomly selected and examined both visually and manualy for tick infestation. Genera Amblyomma, Boophilus, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus species constituted 69.6; 11.9; 13.8 and 7 percentagesof all ticks encountered, at 2.87 ticks per infested cattle. Wet and dry seasons accounted for 68% and 32% of the ticks, generally in ratio of 1.9♂:1♀. Preferred sites were in descending order of magnitude; scrotum\udder, tail, back, fore leg, neck, ear, dewlap, groin, head (face), brisket, belly, shoulder, side, hind leg and escutcheon (χ2=175.8472, df =42, P<0.01). Potential tick-bites areas which abound in Amansea are risk factors fortickborne diseases (TBD) known to be transmitted by ticks in West Africa. Results from this study will create public awareness on TBD and may be useful in evidence-based policy decisions on restriction of cattle movement, tick control and surveillance of TBD in the area.