A Study of Lexical Diffusion in Korean (original) (raw)
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Theoretical and Applied Linguistics at Kobe Shoin 17:1-33, 2014
The assumption that speakers take isolation forms as basic in Korean noun inflection is confronted with an alternative according to which historically conservative forms are basic. That alternative is shown to be problematic, validating the original assumption. With that conclusion in place, the question of whether speakers analyze cases in which basic X alternates with multiple Y i by postulating multiple stochastic rules or by taking only the most frequent alternation as regular is raised. Predictions regarding the presence or absence of variation in innovative and established stems are generated for each mode of analysis, and searches of a new Korean subtitle corpus and of the internet are used to test those predictions. The conclusion is reached that only the most frequent alternation is phonologized; minor alternations are represented in the lexicon rather than as probabilistic rules.
1 Reanalysis and Regularization in Morphophonology : Korean Noun Inflection and Beyond
2018
The life cycle of phonological rules or processes is a concept that has been familiar to phonologists since the work of Kruszewski and Baudouin de Courtenay in the last decades of the 19th century. Coming into being with the phonologization (Hyman 1976) of mechanically determined phonetic variation and being as a result entirely general at the outset, phonological processes subsequently acquire morphosyntactic conditioning or come to apply in increasingly restricted morphological domains (Bermúdez-Otero 2007:504, 2015:382-384). Eventually, they may disappear from the grammar altogether, leaving traces of their former existence only in isolated alternations between lexically listed items; this is the case, for example, for the residue of Verner’s Law in English (was/were, lose/forlorn).
Phonological changes in Korean
2009
This paper investigates the phonological changes that have occurred in Korean. According to my research, Korean has undergone three major phonological changes since the 1980s: 1) vowel shortening in near-homophones, 2) the merger of different final consonants into one consonant at word-final position and 3) consonant cluster reduction. Among these changes, the most noticeable change is the vowel shortening, which is observed in the mid-vowels of near-homophones. This phenomenon has been so prevalent that nearly all the near-homophones that were distinguished by the different vowel length came to be pronounced as homophones. The second phenomenon, the merger of different final consonants into one consonant at word-final position is spreading its effects to more words in Korean, resulting in the gradual disappearance of the phonological value of word-final consonants before a vowel-initial suffix. The third phenomenon, consonant cluster reduction is a relatively recent phenomenon. How...
Emergence of word prosody in (Seoul) Korean
Proceedings of International Conferences of Experimental Linguistics
It has been argued that Korean has recently developed an F0 distinction word-initially partially replacing the VOT distinction of the three stop categories, lax, aspirated, tense. This change has been characterized as tonogenesis, but since the contrast is not on all syllables, it seems to be more consistent with a pitch accent language than a tone language. We investigate the prosodic patterns of trisyllabic words to assess a) whether the VOT-to-F0 change is only word-initial or if it also occurs in other syllables, b) if there is evidence of word level prominence on one syllable supporting a pitch accent interpretation. The data from 10 Korean speakers yield conflicting evidence for both tonal and pitch accent prosodic systems.
An Analysis Phonetic and Semantic Changes of English Borrowing Words in Korean Language
2016
Vidi Tasya Nabila, 1111026000048, An Analysis Phonetic and Semantic Changes of English Borrowing Words in Korean Language. Thesis: English Letters Department, Faculty of Letters and Humanity, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2016. This research is focus on analyzing phonetic and semantic changes of English borrowing words in Korean. The reason for choosing the data of English borrowing words in Korean language, because of Korean has different way to pronounce English, every English borrowing words must be transcribe to Korean alphabet, hangeul. This research used descriptive qualitative method because the resulting data are presented in the form of description. The writer employs herself to collect the data, by watching Korean variety show: Running Man, The Return of Superman, 2 Days 1 Night, Get it Beauty, Cookat TV Super Junior, Infinity Challenge, Weekly Idol and Korean drama: Uncontrollably fond and The Tailor of Wolgyesu. To analyzing the phonetic change th...
Phonological processes of consonants from orthographic to pronounced words in the Seoul Corpus*
Phonetics and Speech Sciences, 2020
This paper investigates the phonological processes of consonants in pronounced words in the Seoul Corpus, and compares the frequency distribution of these processes to provide a clearer understanding of conversational Korean to linguists and teachers. To this end, both orthographic and pronounced words were extracted from the transcribed label scripts of the Seoul Corpus. Next, the phonological processes of consonants in the orthographic and pronounced forms were tabulated separately after syllabifying the onsets and codas, and major consonantal processes were examined. First, the results showed that the majority of the orthographic consonants' sounds were pronounced the same way as their pronounced forms. Second, more than three quarters of the onsets were pronounced as the same forms, while approximately half of the codas were pronounced as variants. Third, the majority of different onset and coda symbols were primarily caused by deletions and insertions. Finally, the five phonological process types accounted for only 12.4% of the total possible procedures. Based on these results, this paper concludes that an analysis of phonological processes in spontaneous speech corpora can improve the practical understanding of spoken Korean. Future studies ought to compare the current phonological process data with those of other languages to establish universal patterns in phonological processes.
The “Gradient Structure” of Korean Words
Working Papers of the Linguistics Circle, 2011
propose a probabilistic analysis of Indo-European word structure in which they argue that morphological structure is non-discretei.e., that it is gradient. This paper argues for a similar "gradient structure" approach to Korean words, with a particular focus on Hannate ("Sino-Korean") words. Hannate words are usually considered loanwords, but most of them acquire their lexical category by combining with native suffixes, as with the adjective namca-tapta 'manly'. The word namsengmi 'masculine beauty' may be interpreted as a complex or a compound word, depending on the treatment of mi. This problem of determinability is similar to the ambiguity encountered in English neoclassical compounds (Bauer 1998) . The adoption of Hannate roots into Korean eliminates the ideographic and tonal information that fixes their meanings in Chinese. This paper helps shed light on the understanding of Hannate words in Korean and explores various ways that language contact and the borrowing of words have consequences for the expanded lexicon of the borrowing language, which includes native items, borrowed items, and the products of reanalysis and analogy by speakers over time. * I would like to thank Caitlin Keenan for proofreading this paper. The abbreviation used in this study are: GEN = genitive, LOC = locative, TOP = topic marker. The data are presented in the Yale system of Romanization which follows the morpho-phonemic spelling principles of the Korean alphabet, Hankul.
Frequency Effects in Morphologisation of Korean / n /-Epenthesis
2014
This study accounts for Korean /n/-epenthesis from a usage-based perspective, by describing the reduced productivity of epenthesis as an analogical change in progress. We found that epenthesis probability rises as whole-word frequency increases, supporting the hypothesis that analogical change begins in lowfrequency words (Bybee 2002). We interpret the findings as support for the idea that frequent forms are stored and retrieved in production directly while rare words may be derived using grammar. The results further support the existence of morphological strata in Korean. We show that the constituents undergoing /n/epenthesis are largely limited to native rather than Sino-Korean morphemes. However, not all native morphemes are able to trigger /n/ epenthesis. We argue that particular native morphemes are associated with, and able to trigger, epenthesis to the extent that they tend to occur in epenthesis-favoring contexts (Bybee 2002, Raymond & Brown 2012).