Evaluation of essential oils and a prebiotic for newborn dairy calves1 (original) (raw)
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Evaluation of essential oils and a prebiotic for newborn dairy calves
Translational Animal Science, 2019
the assistance of the graduate and undergraduate students for assistance in sample collection, analyses, and feeding of calves. The authors gratefully acknowledge Ralco, Inc. (Marshall, MN) for supplying the products evaluated in this research and partial financial support.
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2018
SummaryThe objective was to evaluate interactions between starter protein (180 vs. 200 g/kg, DM basis) and a mixture of essential oils (EOs; containing thymol, eugenol, vanillin, limonene and guaiacol) on growth, metabolic and ruminal functions of Holstein dairy calves. In a completely randomized 2 × 2 factorial design, 48 calves, 3 days old (averaging BW 42.7 ± 1.9 kg), were allocated into groups fed the following diets: (i) 180 g/kg CP with no EO (180P‐NEO); (ii) 180 g/kg CP with EO (180P‐EO); (iii) 200 g/kg CP with no EO (200P‐NEO); and (iv) 200 g/kg CP with EO (200P‐EO). The EO was supplemented as 1 g/kg of starter DM. Calves were fed ad libitum starter diet and were weaned at day 59 of age, but diets continued until day 80. There were no interactive effects of CP and EO on intake and growth. Pre‐weaning feed efficiency tended to be increased for 200P‐EO (p = .09). Average daily gain and feed efficiency during pre‐weaning period as well as weaning weight were increased (p < ....
The objective of this study was to determine effect of dietary essential oil (EO) compounds, which contained cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, peppermint, coriander, cumin, lemongrass, and an organic carrier on feed intake, blood metabolites, and body condition score (BCS). Forty Holstein cows were assigned to one of two treatment groups: a Control and EO fed. The experiment lasted 50 days. Dry matter intake (DMI) was measured daily while blood metabolites and BCS were measured at d 30 and 50 of the experiment. In conclusion, our result showed that supplementation with EO mixture increased DMI and improved energy status as evidenced by lower BCS loss and improved some blood metabolic profiles at early lactation.
2020
The objective of this study was to evaluate how the inclusion of a blend of essential oils in milk replacer (MR) affects different outcomes of dairy heifers. The outcomes evaluated: feed intake, performance, body development, blood cells and metabolites, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), rumen fermentation, fecal scores and respiratory scores. All outcomes were evaluated during pre-weaning (4 – 60 d of age), and carryover effects on post-weaning (61 – 90 d of age) periods. The experimental units utilized were 29 newborn Holstein × Gyr crossbred dairy heifers, with genetic composition of 5/8 or more Holstein and 3/8 or less Gyr and body weight (BW) at birth of 32.2 ± 5.2 kg. Experimental units were randomly assigned to either a control group (CON, n = 15) or a treatment group, consisting of supplementation of a blend of essential oils (BEO, n = 14) with1 g/d/calf (Apex Calf, Adisseo, China). During the pre-weaning phase, all heifers were fed 5 L of MR/d reconstituted at 15% (dry ...
Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 2020
Two experimental factors (dietary treatment with or without pelleted-concentrate supplement (PCS) and sex) were investigated in crossbreed post-weaning calves to monitor their effects on performance, hematological profile, and plasma mineral concentration. Twenty-four post-weaning calves were classified according to sexually (either male or female) and randomly distributed into two dietary treatments that were included the first group controlled diet without PCS inclusion (CON) and second was CON plus 20% PCS inclusion (PCS). Results showed that calves received PCS resulted in higher daily gain and feed efficiency thereby had higher final weight in comparison with CON (p 0.05). Interaction effects were not detected on calves performance, hematology, and plasma mineral concentration (P>0.05). Hematological profile and plasma mineral concentration were not affected by dietary treatment, sex, and their interaction (P>0.05) except for hemoglobin in the PCS group were higher than t...
Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
Aim of the resent study was to determine impacts of feeding milk supplemented with propolis thyme, or both, as antioxidants, on growth efficiency, liver function, kidney function, total antioxidant capacity, and immune response of Friesian calves from 7 to 105 days of age as an experimental period. Newborn male calves (n=20) weighing 37.92±0.63 kg were divided into 4 groups, five calves/group. The first group (G1, control) included animals without treatment. During the whole suckling period each animal in G2, G3, and G4 daily received milk supplemented with propolis (5 g), thyme oil (2 ml), or 5 g propolis plus 2 ml thyme oil, respectively. Results showed that animals in fed both propolis and thyme combination showed the highest LBW, total gain, counts and percentages of blood cells, hemoglobin, total proteins and their fractions, total lipids, total cholesterol, and glucose, and the lowest urea and creatinine levels (P<0.05). Plasma immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM) and total antioxidant capacity increased to the maximal values, while AST and ALT activities decreased to the minimum values in G4. Feeding Friesian calves on milk supplied with propolis (5 g) plus thyme oil (2 ml) per calf during the suckling period can improve growth performance, general health status, immune response, and total antioxidant capacity. From an economical point of view, this treatment could increase profits by reducing morbidity, diarrhea cases, and mortality, and improving the performance of breeding male calves during suckling and the early post-weaning period.
Journal of Animal Science
Botanical extracts (BE; Adisseo North America, Altanta, GA) are known to enhance dry matter intake (DMI) and gut health, while direct-fed microbials (DFM), such as a actobacillus acidophilus fermentation product (RC: RumaCell DF 5G; Pacer Technology, Inc., Murtaugh, ID), had shown improved gut health and growth performance of growing Holstein calves. The hypothesis was this combination may be synergistic to neonatal calf growth performance. Eighty 2- to 5-d old Holstein bull calves were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to one of 8 treatments arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial using a randomized complete block design. Main factors were 2 milk replacers (MR) without (Control) and with RC added at 5 g/d fed with calf starter (CS) main effect of 4 experimental CS being: 1) Control: no additives; or 2) BE added at 496 mg/kg to the calf starter (CS); 3) RC added to the CS at 2.50 g/kg; and 4) BE&RC: same BE and RC rates to CS. The CS was a 25% crude protein dry matter basis wi...
Sustainability
Essential oils (EOs) and their active components are attracting a lot of attention as sustainable feed additives due to their known antimicrobial properties against a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. They also have biological therapeutic, antioxidant, and flavor properties. They can be used for modifying the rumen environment and improving animal productivity. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of supplementation with 2.5 and 5 g/head/day of an essential oils blend (EOB) of clove, oregano, and juniper in equal proportions on milk production and quality, and physiological status of early lactating Holstein dairy cows for 8 weeks of treatment followed by 8 weeks of posttreatment. The results revealed an improvement in milk yield (p ≤ 0.02) and feed efficiency (p ≤ 0.001) with EOB at a dose of 2.5 g/head/day. The percentages of milk protein and lactose were increased (p ≤ 0.03) with a high dose of EOB inclusion during the treatme...
Translational Animal Science
This experiment evaluated the effect of a blend of essential oils (BEO) on intake, lactation performance, diet digestibility, ruminal fermentation profile, eating behavior, body thermoregulation, blood acid–base balance, and milk fatty acid profile of lactating cows. Twenty-eight Holstein cows were individually fed a standard diet for 14 d and treatments control or BEO (a microencapsulated blend of pepper extract containing capsaicin and pure forms of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, and eugenol; 150 mg/kg of diet dry matter) for 56 d. Significance was declared at P ≤ 0.05 and trends at 0.05 < P ≤ 0.10. Dry matter intake (DMI) was reduced (19.5 vs. 20.1 kg/d) and milk yield was increased (30.1 vs. 30.8 kg/d) by BEO, inducing improved milk to DMI ratio (1.53 vs. 1.62). Milk fat concentration tended to be increased by BEO, but total solids yield did not differ. There was a trend for increased total tract non-neutral detergent fiber organic matter digestibility with BEO. The molar proport...
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2010
Essential oils (EO) have been shown to positively impact in vitro ruminal fermentation, but there are few in vivo studies that have examined animal responses. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of an EO complex (Agolin Ruminant from AGOLIN SA, Bière, Switzerland), which contained eugenol, geranyl acetate and coriander oil as major components, on the production of lactating dairy cows, measures of efficiency of use of dietary N as well as whole tract digestion of nutrients. Two pens of approximately 310 early lactation multiparous cows were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with treatment reversed 28-day periods. Cows were fed a totally mixed ration (TMR) twice daily for ad libitum intake based on (g/kg TMR DM): wheat silage (137), maize grain (122), alfalfa hay and fresh chop alfalfa (182) and corn silage (66), with numerous other ingredients. The basal TMR was the same for both treatment groups, and differed only in that the EO complex was added to the TMR of the EO assigned pen. Feed premixes, TMR and ingredients were sampled on days 21 and 26 of each experimental period. Cows were milked three times daily with milk yield and components measured at the end of each period. Urine samples were collected at the end of each period from 24 cows/pen that voluntarily urinated, with fecal collections from these same cows 24 h later. The actual refusals corrected EO intake was 0.85 g/cow/d. The TMR contained 547 g/kg DM, 164 g/kg crude protein (CP), 62 g/kg ether extract, 322 g/kg neutral detergent fibre (i.e., aNDFom) and 120 g/kg starch. The DM intake was numerically (i.e., P=0.13) lower with EO feeding (i.e., 26.0 versus 27.4 kg/d) but milk yield was not impacted (mean 49.2 kg/d). However milk fat production (1.63 versus 1.66 kg/d; P=0.02) and milk fat proportion (33.2 versus 33.9 g/kg; P<0.01) were higher for cows fed EO. Cows fed the EO complex diet lost body condition whereas those that were not fed the EO gained body condition (P<0.01). There were no differences in urine parameters or whole tract digestion of organic matter, CP and aNDFom. Feeding this EO complex impacted the production of these high producing dairy cows, primarily by enhancing milk fat synthesis which apparently was the result of an energetic shift away from body condition gain, suggesting that it may have enhanced acetate production and/or the acetate to propionate ratio in the rumen.