Comparative Issues of Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries (original) (raw)
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Journal of Computational Mechanics, Power System and Control
The lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology is getting particular attention because of its effectiveness in small-scale-electronic products such as watches, calculators, torchlights, or mobile phones through to large-scale power systems such as automobiles, trains, ships, submarines, or airplanes. LIBs are widely applied due to their advantages which make them unique. They exhibit greater energy density than other types of rechargeable batteries. LIBs are lightweight with a limited rate of charge loss, a greater number of charge/discharge cycles, no complete discharge is needed, and LIBs function at a higher voltage than other rechargeable batteries. However, LIB is suffering from many disadvantages such as the high risk of bursting, high cost compared to other batteries, battery deterioration after a complete discharge, high sensitivity to high temperatures (fast degradation when exposed to heat), poor rate of capability, very limited lifespan (2-3 years) and not available in standard cells sizes like others. Basic science research combining solid-state chemistry and physics has been at the heart of this endeavor, particularly throughout the 1970s and 1980s. With the awarding of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to the creation of lithium-ion batteries, it is instructive to examine the evolution of cathode chemistry that enabled modern lithium-ion technology. A good choice of cathode materials leads to enhanced performance in LIBs. This work involves a deep comprehension of Li-ion transport, as well as the mechanism of charge and discharge in LIBs. The paper provides a fundamental study on layered, spinel, and olivine-based cathode materials and their benefit for LIBs. The study also gives details about optimization techniques needed to improve the cathode performances. The advantages and disadvantages of these prominent cathode materialsfor rechargeable LIBsare also discussed to emphasize the importance of choosing and/or optimizing the right cathode materials to lead to enhanced LIB performance.
Investigation of new types of lithium-ion battery materials
Journal of Power Sources, 2002
This paper reports part of the activities in progress in our laboratory in the investigation of electrode and electrolyte materials which may be of interest for the development of lithium-ion batteries with improved characteristics and performances. This investigation has been directed to both anode and cathode materials, with particular attention to convertible oxides and defect spinel-framework Li-insertion compounds in the anode area and layered mixed lithium±nickel±cobalt oxide and high voltage, metal type oxides in the cathode area. As for the electrolyte materials, we have concentrated the efforts on composite polymer electrolytes and gel-type membranes. In this work we report the physical, chemical and electrochemical properties of the defect spinel-framework Li-insertion anodes and of the high voltage, mixed metal type oxide cathodes, by describing their electrochemical properties in cells using either``standard'' liquid electrolytes and`a dvanced'' gel-type, polymer electrolytes.
ELECTROCHEMICAL, STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC STUDY OF Li-RICH CATHODE MATERIALS FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERY
NANOCON 2019 Conference Proeedings, 2020
Li-rich oxides of different phase compositions xLi2MnO3•(1-x)LiMO2 are synthesized by coprecipitation of mixed transition metal carbonates followed by solid-state reaction with lithium hydroxide. X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and magnetic studies are used to characterize the pristine structure of the oxides with different compositions. The materials are tested as positive electrode in lithium half-cells. Galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements are performed at different current densities. The lithium-ion diffusion coefficients (DLi+) are estimated from the cyclic voltammetry experiments and found to reach maximum values for composition at x=0.35 having the best electrochemical characteristics.
The Layered Oxides in Lithium and Sodium‐Ion Batteries: A Solid‐State Chemistry Approach
Advanced Energy Materials, 2020
This paper gives an overview of the research carried out on lithium and sodium layered materials as positive electrodes of lithium (sodium)‐ion batteries. It focuses on the solid‐state chemistry contribution to discover new materials and to optimize the properties versus the requirements imposed by the applications. Among, all material structures, which are considered, the layered ones (lithium based), are the best candidates for high energy density batteries for mobile applications. Recently, the homologous Na materials, which have lower energy, are considered for stationary applications due to their low price. Starting for LiMO2 materials or NaxMO2 (0.5 < x < 1), many substituted phases, obtained by high‐temperature solid‐state chemistry, have allowed stabilizing the layered structure in large composition domains to increase the specific capacity, which is directly related to the number of exchanged electrons during the cycling process.
Cathode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries: A Brief Review
Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems, 2021
Layered lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ) as a pioneer commercial cathode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is unsuitable for the next generation of LIBs, which require high energy density, good rate performance, improved safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. LiCoO 2 suffers from structural instability at a high level of delithiation and performance degradation when overcharged. Besides, cobalt, a significant constituent of LiCoO 2 is more costly and less environmentally friendly than other transition metals. Therefore, alternative cathode materials are being explored to replace LiCoO 2 as cathode materials for high-performance LIBs. These new cathode materials, including lithiated transition metal oxides, vanadium pentoxides, and polyanion-type materials, are reviewed in this study. The various challenges hampering the full integration of these cathode materials in commercial LIBs and viable solutions are emphasised.
Optimization of Layered Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Materials, 2016
This review presents a survey of the literature on recent progress in lithium-ion batteries, with the active sub-micron-sized particles of the positive electrode chosen in the family of lamellar compounds LiMO 2 , where M stands for a mixture of Ni, Mn, Co elements, and in the family of yLi 2 MnO 3 ‚(1´y)LiNi 1 2 Mn 1 2 O 2 layered-layered integrated materials. The structural, physical, and chemical properties of these cathode elements are reported and discussed as a function of all the synthesis parameters, which include the choice of the precursors and of the chelating agent, and as a function of the relative concentrations of the M cations and composition y. Their electrochemical properties are also reported and discussed to determine the optimum compositions in order to obtain the best electrochemical performance while maintaining the structural integrity of the electrode lattice during cycling.
University of Wollongong Investigations on electrode materials for lithium- ion batteries
I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to my supervisors, Professor H. K. Liu, Professor Doug Bradhurst and Professor S. X. Dou for their consistent academic supervision, guidance and encouragement as well as financial support throughout my Ph. D project. I wish to thank technical officers, Mr. Carlo Rossi, Mr. N. Mackie and Mr. G. Tillman for their invaluable help with my experimental procedures. My sincere thanks should also go to Dr. M. Ionescu and Dr. S. Zhong for their technical support and suggestions in carrying out all of my experimental work. Furthermore, I would like to thank Dr. Shane J. Kennedy at ANSTO for assistance with neutron diffraction measurements on some of the electrode materials. I deeply appreciate Australian DEET for providing me the OPRS Scholarship, the Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials for providing the Energy Storage Materials Matching Scholarship. Finally, I would like to express my grateful acknowledgement to my parents and parents-in-law for their encouragement and support. Specially I wish to give my deepest gratitude and great appreciation to my wife Jan Yao and my daughter Mandy Wang for their love, understanding and patience.
Journal of Power Sources, 2001
In the present paper the electrochemical behavior, as cathodes, of the inverse spinels of general formula LiCo y Ni (1Ày) VO 4 has been studied in comparison with other mixed oxides, in which V is substituted by Sb (LiCoSbO 4 ) and Ni and Co by Mn (LiMnVO 4 ). The experimental ®ndings showed that the oxides LiCo y Ni (1Ày) VO 4 are promising cathode materials. The other samples did not show good results: their structures proved to be irreversibly modi®ed in some way by Li-ion deintercalation. This problem, seemingly, cannot be overcome by changing synthesis parameters. The preliminary series of tests, whose results are here reported, served as a ®rst insight in the relations that tie method of preparation, morphology, crystallochemical and intercalation±deintercalation properties together. #