Protective behavior against personalized ads: Motivation to turn personalization off (original) (raw)

Juxtaposing the persuasion knowledge model and privacy paradox: An experimental look at advertising personalization, public policy and public understanding

Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 2016

Recent studies suggest the expanding collection and use of big data by advertisers to target messages to consumers based on their location, demographics and online behaviors is escalating information privacy concerns and negatively impacting campaign outcomes. For communication scholars and practitioners, this recent attitudinal shift indicates a critical need to better understand consumer perceptions related to personalized advertising in the era of big data. It is currently assumed that U.S. self-regulatory initiatives, including the AdChoices Icon, reduce perceived risk by giving consumers a greater sense of control over the exchange of their personal information online (Castro, 2011). However, less than 37% of U.S. Internet users are familiar with the AdChoices Icon (eMarketer, 2015), and 52% incorrectly believe that privacy policies ensure the confidentiality of their personal information (Pew, 2014). To examine the complexities of the privacy paradox, the present study utilize...

A study of the effects of programmatic advertising on users' concerns about privacy overtime

Journal of Business Research, 2019

This research work has two objectives. On the one hand, to analyze the influence that Perceived Usefulness of Programmatic Advertising (PA) has on the user's Concern about Privacy, and on the other, to check whether this relationship changes over time. That is, to find out how improvements in the effectiveness of programmatic advertising might increase the users' concern for privacy. Today, programmatic advertising can be very invasive, not only because of the use of cookies and geolocation, but also because of using algorithms that analyze users' interests in order to offer related products at a later date when the user visits other different websites which are not at all related to the first. Secondly, this document investigates whether this relationship increases over time and if there are any time-related effects. In this study, data from of a very large sample of Internet users in Spain (n = 14,822) was analyzed at three different moments of time between 2013 and 2017. PLS-SEM was used for the analysis given its usefulness in social studies. Several groups were analyzed to test the difference between the path coefficients of the latent variables at different moments in time. Academics and professionals will benefit from this document by being able to see the importance of this relationship over time and how it changes. The use of a longitudinal study allowed for an investigation into, not only the existence of the relationship, but how it changed over the years.

An empirical approach to understanding privacy concerns

2009

This paper shows that privacy concerns in commercial contexts are not solely driven by a desire to control the transmission of personal information or to avoid intrusive direct marketing campaigns. When they express privacy concerns, consumers anticipate indirect economic consequences of data use, such as price discrimination. Our general hypothesis is that consumers are capable of expressing differentiated levels of concerns in the presence of changes that suggest indirect consequences of information transmission. We suggest that there is a homo economicus behind privacy concerns, not simply a primal fear. This hypothesis is tested in a large-scale experiment evoking the context of affinitybased direct marketing of insurances, which relies on data transmitted by alumni associations. Because opt-in and opt-out choices offered by firms to consumers usually capture non-situational preferences about data transmission, their ability to enact privacy concerns is questioned by our findings.

Individual Differences in Sensitivity to Privacy Violations Following Targeted Advertising

2019

In an increasingly cyber driven marketplace, in which web-based advertising efforts are critical to advertiser-consumer interface, targeted advertising (TA) has been dubbed the “future of advertising,” serving as one of the most important means of reaching targeted audiences (Boerman, Kruikemeier, and Borgesius, 2017). Firms using TA are estimated to potentially enjoy 5-6 percent higher productivity and profit gains than those that do not (Biesdorf, Court, and Willmott 2013; Martin, Borah, and Palmatier 2017). Approximately 36billionarebeingallocatedannuallytothecollectionofpersonaldata(Martin,Borah,andPalmatier2017),ofwhichaprojected36 billion are being allocated annually to the collection of personal data (Martin, Borah, and Palmatier 2017), of which a projected 36billionarebeingallocatedannuallytothecollectionofpersonaldata(Martin,Borah,andPalmatier2017),ofwhichaprojected2.6 billion is specific to targeted advertising efforts (Tam, Yan, and Ho 2006), to ensure consumers access relevant content whilst mitigating search costs (Chen and Stalleart 2010). TA is very valuable in creating top-of-mind-awareness, increasing content evaluations and reviews, and most importantly, increasing the probability t...

Consumers’ Need of Privacy Protection – Experimental Results

Economics & Sociology

Protection of privacy in the information age is a growing challenge. Corporations and other institutions collect data and utilize them for various purposes, not all of which may be in favour of individuals. Yet still little is known of how individuals perceive the value of privacy and what is the individuals' awareness of costs and benefits associated with data sharing. This article presents the experimental research on factors determining privacy behavior of consumers. We provide evidence, that the need of privacy protection depends on gender and is affected by priming. On the other hand, nor the type of purchased good nor the decision-making method had the significant impact in our study on willingness to disclose private data.

The Personalization Privacy Paradox: An Empirical Evaluation of Information Transparency and the Willingness to Be Profiled Online for Personalization

MIS Quarterly, 2006

Firms today use information about customers to improve service and design personalized offerings. To do this successfully, however, firms must collect consumer information. This study enhances awareness about a central paradox for firms investing in personalization; namely, that consumers who value information transparency are also less likely to participate in personalization. We examine the relationship between information technology features, specifically information transparency features, and consumer willingness to share information for online personalization. Based on a survey 1 V. Sambamurthy was the accepting senior editor for this paper. Prabhudev Konana was the associate editor. Sridhar Balasubramanian and Nirup Menon served as reviewers. of over 400 online consumers, we examine the question of whether customer perceived information transparency is associated with consumer willingness to be profiled online. Our results indicate that customers who desire greater information transparency are less willing to be profiled. This result poses a dilemma for firms, as the consumers that value information transparency features most are also the consumers who are less willing to be profiled online. In order to manage this dilemma, we suggest that firms adopt a strategy of providing features that address the needs of consumers who are more willing to partake in personalization, therefore accepting that the privacy sensitive minority of consumers are unwilling to participate in personalization, despite additional privacy features.

Permission Marketing and Privacy Concerns — Why Do Customers (Not) Grant Permissions

Little is known about the influence of motivators that drive consumers to grant permission to be contacted via personalized communication. In this study, a framework is developed to investigate the effect of select drivers of consumers granting permission to receive personalized messages. The authors distinguish between drivers related to benefit and cost to the consumers. They identify the influence of perceived personal relevance, entertainment, and consumer information control as well as monetary incentives and lottery participation as benefit-related factors. Cost-related factors entail the registration process, privacy concerns, and perceived intrusiveness. The authors find that, except for monetary incentives and lottery participation, the identified drivers significantly influence consumers' decision to grant permission. The strong negative influence of privacy concerns on the probability of granting permission can be lessened by two benefit-related factors, namely message content with entertainment value or personal relevance for the consumer. The study helps to improve firm measures aimed at getting more permissions — granted by customers for interactive campaigns.

Privacy and Behavioral Advertising: Towards Meeting Users' Preferences

2015

Online advertisers track Internet users' activities to deliver targeted ads. To study how different factors affect users' attitudes towards this practice, we conducted a betweensubjects online study (n=1,882). We elicited participants' comfort with sharing commonly collected types of information in scenarios with varying online advertisers' data practices. Quantitative analysis showed that participants' willingness to share information with online advertisers is not only based on the sensitivity of the information, but also on the scope of collection and use, relevance for advertising, and perceived benefits of disclosing specific data types. Qualitative analysis showed nuanced and individualized preferences, which suggest that personalized privacy agents have the potential to better assist users to control how advertising networks collect and use their information.

Changing the default setting for information privacy protection: What and whose personal information can be better protected?

The Social Science Journal, 2014

With Internet service providers (ISPs) increasingly demanding personal information to develop personalized services, people have become more vulnerable to privacy infringement. As a way to protect individuals' privacy, industrialized countries have implemented a "notice-and-consent" requirement, meaning an ISP must obtain users' consent to collect personal information in the course of the ISP's business. Drawing on prospect theory and earlier work on information privacy and behavioral science, in this study, we administered an online survey experiment to test whether the giving of consent differs between 'opt-in' and 'opt-out' frames. The framing effect was found to be moderated by personal information type, people's attitudes toward privacy, and people's privacy infringement experience. The results indicate that the opt-in frame better protects users' information privacy, and the framing effect is magnified when the targeted information concerns online activities, when users have weakly held privacy attitudes, and when users have less experience of privacy infringement.