Using of Nanofiber Filter for Air Filtration in Water Supply Facilities (original) (raw)
Related papers
2017
Ldays, the quality ofvehicle' s cabin air has become one of the health concerns a lffiers. Typical air filters used in an air conditioning system of a vehicle are m: 1fiber materials such as fiberglass and polymeric materials. Nanofibers have a tial to be used as high efficient filter materials due to their nanoscale diameters. facturers claim that filters made of nanofibers can trap dusts or particles with % efficiency. However, there is limited information available on the effectiven ospun nanofiber filter media in filtering submicron particulates. Therefore, this ned at developing and studying the performance of nanofiber-coated filte1 ng submicron particles. The filters were incorporated with electrospun ny ibers at 1 Ok V of applied voltage and 10 em spinning distance. The coated filten lced at varying collection times ranging from 1 to 10 minutes. The filter sample~ I using a dedicated test rig to simulate an actual air conditioning system. Parti :r (PM) measurement techni...
Polymeric Nanofibers in Air Filtration Applications
Nanofiber is a broad phrase generally referring to a fiber with a diameter less than 1 micron. While glass fibers have existed in the sub-micron range for some time and polymeric meltblown fibers are just beginning to break the micron barrier, sub-half-micron diameters have been used for air filtration in commercial, industrial and defense applications for more than twenty years. This paper will discuss a process for making nanofibers, as well as the benefits, limitations, construction, and performance of filters using nanofiber media. In particular, nanofibers provide marked increases in filtration efficiency at relatively small (and in some cases immeasurable) decreases in permeability. In many laboratory tests and actual operating environments, nanofiber filter media also demonstrate improved filter life and more contaminate holding capacity.
Nanofibers for High Efficiency Filtration
Journal of Material Science & Engineering, 2017
Nanofiber is a broad phrase generally referring to a fibre with a diameter less than 1 micron. While glass fibres have existed in the sub-micron range for some time and polymeric meltblown fibres are just beginning to break the micron barrier, sub-half-micron diameters have been used for air filtration in commercial, industrial and defence applications for more than twenty years. They have been shown to deliver improved filter life, increased contaminate holding capacity and enhanced filtration efficiency. Small fibres in the sub-micron range, in comparison with larger ones, are well known to provide higher filter efficiency at the same pressure drop in the interception and inertial impaction stages of the filtration process. In particular, nanofibers provide marked increases in filtration efficiency at relatively small (and in some cases immeasurable) decreases in permeability. Nanofiber filter media have enabled new levels of filtration performance in several diverse applications with a broad range of environments and contaminants. While nano fibre size lead to a higher pressure drop, interception and inertial impaction efficiencies will increase faster, and therefore more than compensating for the rise in pressure drop. Thus, in the particle size of interest, i.e. from sub-micron upwards, better filter efficiency can be achieved at the same pressure drop, or conversely, the same filter efficiency at a lower pressure drop can be achieved with nanofibres. This paper will discuss a process for making nanofibers, as well as the benefits, limitations, construction, and applications of filters using nanofiber media.
Multi–layered nanofiber media: A novel design approach for high performance air filtration
Air cleaning is a major concern in many industries and end–users becoming more aware of the health issues, effects and benefits of high quality filtration. Nanofibers are an exciting class of materials due to their extremely high specific surface area, inter–connected pore structure and high porosity for gas permeability. Such unique properties provide significant benefits in a wide range of air filtration applications. Elmarco’s reference media design demonstrates how nanofibers can be utilized within a composite structure to achieve high mechanical filtration efficiency, high dust holding capacity and low pressure drop. The nanofiber layer which features excellent web and fiber uniformity shows no impact from discharge test and pleating process.
The development in the field of nanofibers since last decade has reshaped the sense of polymer synthesis. Its high potential has rendered significant contributions in various advance applications. This featured article presents the nanofiber and its potential applications in various scientific and commercial fields. Moreover, the recent developments in the synthesis of nanofiber membranes for and filtration of water are tabulated. Keeping the water scarcity problem in mind, many novel membranes (along with raw polymer and solvents) are discussed which are under research or being implemented for and filtration. The polymer fibers reveal the promising and contrasting characteristics when their diameter shrinks from micron to submicron. These distinguished properties include stiffness, flexural and tensile strengths, surface flexibility and ratio of volume to area. The enhancement in these features has laid the highest demand of novel nanofibers against the other recognized materials in this field [1]. Today, nanofibers are being prepared from synthetic or natural polymers with the dimensions descending to few nanometers, and are activated by the addition of catalyst, semiconductor or even bio-organisms. Their use in numerous applications has increased a lot during last decade owing to the improvement in nano and ultra-nanofibrous structures. The fabrications techniques for nanofibers include electro-spinning, drawing, phase separation, interfacial polymerization, template synthesis and self-assembly [1, 2]. The most widely used technology is electrospinning which has gained significant interests in both academic and industry. The morphology and diameter of fibers relegate upon several processing parameters mainly intrinsic properties and operational conditions (Fig. 1). Intrinsic properties include conformation, melt flow, electrical and thermal conductivity, polarity, elastic and tensile moduli, and solvent. Operational conditions encompass humidity, temperature, and electric filed (in the case of electro-spinning) [3]. Microfiltration membranes (MF) have the largest pore size and typically reject large particles and various microorganisms. Ultrafiltration membranes (UF) have smaller pores than those of MF membranes and, therefore, in addition to large particles and microorganisms, they can reject bacteria and soluble macromolecules such as proteins. Reverse Osmosis (RO) membranes are generally non-porous and, therefore, exclude particles and even many low molar mass species such as salt ions and organics. Nanofiltration (NF) membranes are novel in this field and are porous with size 10 A o , and performance ranges between those of RO and UF membranes. Unique properties (large surface area per unit mass, high porosity, high gas permeability, and small interfibrous pore size) of nanofibers allowed its implementation as adsorbents of molecules, ions, emulsion and particles, and are applied in ultra-purified water treatment and waste water treatment systems. If nanofibers are used as membrane active or support layers, they can be applied as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes. This property is enhanced owing to the slip flow effect resulting in the high flux membrane performance.
Design and Development of a Novel Nanofiber Nasal Filter (NNF) to Improve Respiratory Health
Aerosol and Air Quality Research
Currently available nasal filters are not well-suited for protecting humans against the fine and ultrafine airborne particles. In this research, we designed and evaluated a novel nanofiber nasal filter (NNF) capable of reducing personal exposure not only to large allergenic particles but also to ultrafine particles, thus reducing respiratory health risks. A new hybrid filter (HF) medium for the NNF was fabricated by overlaying a carbon filter substrate with nylon nanofibers produced by electrospinning. After optimizing the filter's production parameters, the HF was produced using the Nylon-6 polymer solution with a concentration of 15 wt%, a substrate based on a MERV 5 carbon filter with a density of 61 kg m-3 , and a nanofiber surface coating density of 0.72 g m-2 (or 0.54 g m-2 as a second choice). The new HF was tested with fluorescent polystyrene latex beads sized 0.026-3.1 µm and at operating flow rates of 7.5-30 L min-1. The newly developed NNF showed more than a 90% collection efficiency for particles > 1 µm, representing bacteria and molds, and more than a 50% efficiency for particles < 0.5 µm, including ultrafine particles-about a 2.3-fold improvement compared to commercially available nasal filters. Thus, this NNF may serve as a useful tool to minimize our exposure to airborne pollutants.
Experimental study on bacteria removal from artificial and real wastewater by nanofibrous filters
2012
Unique properties of electrospun nanofibrous materials could be utilized in various environmental technologies, e.g. bacteria removal from water. Recent studies show various removal efficiencies of bacteria and particulated matter by nanofibrous filters. Our article presents results from filtration tests through polyurethane nanofibrous material on short-term scale with artificial wastewater and also results from tests with real wastewater. We determined E. coli abundances in artificial and real wastewaters and the amount of the other hygienically important bacteria in real wastewater samples only. The results show possibility of long-term full-scale application of those materials, however some material modifications are needed to be accomplished.
3D Air Filtration Modeling for Nanofiber Based Filters in the Ultrafine Particle Size Range
Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 2011
In this work, novel 3D filtration model for nanofiber based filters has been proposed and tested. For the model validation purposes, filtration efficiency characteristics of two different polyurethane nanofiber based structures (prepared by the electrospinning process) were determined experimentally in the ultrafine particle size range (20-400 nm). It has been found that the proposed model is able to reasonably predict the measured filtration efficiency curves for both tested samples.
Nanofibers for Filtration Applications
Advanced Biopolymeric Systems for Drug Delivery, 2020
Due to their interconnected nanoscale pore structures, highly specific surface areas, fine diameters, and porous structure as well as their ability to incorporate active chemistry on nanoscale surface, electrospun fibers are becoming a promising versatile platform for filtration. In the current chapter, we will focus on nanofibers by electrospinning method. Special attention will be focused on antimicrobial nano-fibrous membranes as antimicrobial filters, fibers for oil spill cleanup, fibers for nanoparticles removal from aqueous solution. Also, examples for antimicrobial nano-fibrous membranes developed from electrospun polymers and applications will be discussed.