Földtani folyamatok hatása a Tisza alföldi szakaszának medermorfológiájára (original) (raw)
THE EFFECTS OF GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES ON THE CHANNEL PLANFORM OF THE TISZA RIVER, THE GREAT HUNGARIAN PLAIN As a main goal, the neotectonic determination of the pre-regulation planform of the Tisza River has been analyzed. A short introduction to the river dynamics describes the river pattern types and their environmental controls. As the studied river is a meandering one, the description of the meandering pattern and its constraints are detailed along with the explaining the river meandering as a self-organizing criticality. The geological and geographical description of the Tisza catchment contains the geodynamical settings, the physical geographic picture is shown followed by the depicting of the Quaternary climate changes and the lateral river shifts on the Great Hungarian Plain. A short review is given on the hydrological settings of the Tisza River, its regulation measures. From the Quaternary to the present subsidence history of the Great Hungarian Plain is shown and the causes of the temporally and spatially uneven subsidence are described. The last natural, pre-regulation river course has been reconstructed using historical maps. For this reconstruction, the projection and geodetic datum parameters of the map sections of the 2nd military survey of the Habsburg Empire have been defined. A new automatic and semi-automatic method is described to fit those maps to the modern ones. The pre-regulation river course is shown in the Appendix as a map series. For the river planform analysis the pre-regulation sinuosity has been used. It has been computed for the study section (between the cities of Tokaj and Szeged) with the characteristic window-size of 50 km. The sinuosity changes have been analyzed and the most significant one has been identified as a result of the neotectonic activity of the Mid-Hungarian Shear Zone. The effect of the uneven and in the last decades quickening subsidence on the flood characteristics has been analyzed. The effect of the long-profile distortion due to the subsidence anomalies has been described in the Szolnok area. The resulted decrease of the flood-conducting capacity of the river has been estimated. At the end of the work a long-term sustainable river economic régime is depicted that is conform with the described hydrological and geological processes. The results are illustrated by high resolution digital elevation models constructed mostly by myself, presenting the usage of these models in the geomorphic analyses and also in supporting the water control measures.
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