Intermittent fasting during Ramadan attenuates proinflammatory cytokines and immune cells in healthy subjects (original) (raw)
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Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health
Background: Ramadan is the holiest month in the Islamic calendar. Fasting in this month is one of the five pillars of Islam. Fasting is obligatory for all adults and healthy Muslims during the day hours for the whole month every year. It is the month during which Muslims refrain from food, and liquids during daylight hours and eat a main meal after sunset. The aim of study is to investigate the effects of fasting on lipid profile, IL-6 and TNF among healthy female medical students in Tikrit University. Subjects and methods: A follow up study was done in college of medicine-Tikrit university during Ramadan fasting month at 1441, (May 2019) on female medical female student of 2 nd year. A total of 20 female students in this study were female aged 19-20 years, none obese, do not have a history of diabetes, do not have hypertension and not an athlete. Female was used as subjects because they can do full time of Ramadan fasting. Female students not complete consecutive 21 days of fasting were excluded from the study. At a day one (beginning of Ramadan) and at day 21 (21th day) of Ramadan fasting, blood sampling were taken to be analyzed of lipid profile, and inflammatory indicators (TNF-α and IL-6). According standard procedures. Results: Regarding body weight, and BMI, in the present study, there is significant reduction in body weight and BMI in day 21 of Ramadan fasting as compare with beginning of fasting. In the present study, there is a significant reduction in the concentrations of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-c and VLDL-c at 21th day of Ramadan fasting as compare to the beginning of Ramadan fasting. However, there is significant increase in the concentration of serum HDL-c at 21 day of Ramadan fasting as compare with the beginning of fasting, (p≤ 0.01). In the present study, it were found that there is significant reduction in the concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α in female subjects at day 21 of Ramadan fasting as compare with that at the beginning of fasting, (p≤ 0.01). The present study conclude that were significant reduction in the concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α in female subjects at day 21 of Ramadan fasting as compare with that at the beginning of fasting, (p≤ 0.01).
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, 2011
Background: The typical nutritional plan in Ramadan may have beneficial influences on the inflammatory state, as well as on metabolic and anthropometric parameters. We aimed to investigate the effects of Ramadan fasting on biochemical and hematological parameters and cytokines in healthy and obese individuals. Methods: This study was performed during the Ramadan holy month (September and October 2007). The study group consisted of 10 obese males and the control group consisted of 10 males with a normal body mass index (BMI), who were admitted to the Family Medicine Outpatient Clinic of Dicle University Medical Faculty in Diyarbakir, Turkey, and who indicated that they were going to fast throughout the entire month of Ramadan. Individuals with any acute or chronic disease or medication during the study were excluded. Height, weight, BMI, and waist and hip circumferences were measured. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), urea, creatinine, insulin, total protein, albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and cytokine levels were evaluated. Results: The average age of the participants was 27.4 AE 5.2 years. Of the study group, 7 fulfilled the criteria of metabolic syndrome. Significant weight reduction, significant decrease in BMI, and significant decrease of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were observed in study group; weight and BMI reduction were insignificant and no significant change was observed in FBG levels, but a significant increase was observed in HOMA-IR in the control group. Post-Ramadan systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, serum white blood cells (WBC) count, interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a, TG, and ALT levels were significantly lower in both groups compared to pre-Ramadan values. Conclusion: Ramadan fasting has beneficial influences on the inflammatory state, as well as metabolic and anthropometric parameters.
Effects of Ramadan fasting on inflammatory biomarkers and body composition in healthy subjects
Journal of Fasting And Health, 2016
Introduction: During Ramadan, adult Muslims abstain from drinking and eating from sunrise to sunset. This religious practice influences individuals’ lifestyle factors such as eating behavior, meal schedule, and sleep pattern. These changes may affect endocrine and neuroendocrine circadian patterns, and consequently, cardiovascular indices. This study was performed to investigate the effects of Ramadan fasting on serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and homocysteine as the risk factors for cardiovascular disease and body composition in the Iranian population. Methods: Healthy volunteers who fasted at least during 20 days of Ramadan were included in the study. Body composition and biochemical markers were measured pre- and post-Ramadan fasting. For normally distributed parameters, paired samples t-test was performed for analyzing the differences between the results, and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was run for non-normally distributed parameters. All the data was analyzed ...
Journal of Clinical and Basic Research
Introduction: Ramadan is an Islamic month during which Muslims abstain from eating, drinking and smoking from dawn to sunset. Ramadan is a model of prolonged intermittent fasting. Previous studies have shown that fasting has beneficial effects on human health. However, the results of these studies have been inconsistent. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of fasting during Ramadan on biochemical parameters and inflammatory markers. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in July 2013. Thirty healthy men who were fasting during Ramadan were enrolled in the study. Anthropometric measurements were taken from each subject. Fasting venous blood samples were taken one week before Ramadan, during the last week of Ramadan and four weeks after Ramadan. Serum interleukin-6, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein levels were measured. Results: No significant change was observed in serum total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, interleukin-6 and high sensitivity C-reactive protein. Fasting in Ramadan significantly decreased body mass index (P< 0.0001), FBS (P< 0.0001), triglycerides (P< 0.01), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P< 0.01), insulin (P< 0.02), HOMA index (P< 0.001) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: This study indicates that fasting during Ramadan has some positive effects on body mass index, serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, FBS, insulin and HOMA index.
2020
Background: Ramadan is the holiest month in the Islamic calendar. Fasting in this month is one of the five pillars of Islam. Fasting is obligatory for all adults and healthy Muslims during the day hours for the whole month every year. It is the month during which Muslims refrain from food, and liquids during daylight hours and eat a main meal after sunset. The aim of study is to investigate the effects of fasting on lipid profile, IL-6 and TNF among healthy female medical students in Tikrit University. Subjects and methods: A follow up study was done in college of medicine – Tikrit university during Ramadan fasting month at 1441, (May 2019) on female medical female student of 2nd year. A total of 20 female students in this study were female aged 19-20 years, none obese, do not have a history of diabetes, do not have hypertension and not an athlete. Female was used as subjects because they can do full time of Ramadan fasting. Female students not complete consecutive 21 days of fastin...
Iranian journal of basic medical sciences, 2013
The impact of fasting in Ramadan as a unique type of nutritional regimen on biochemical and hematological parameters is still an issue of debate. Almost very little is known regarding the regulatory role(s) of this nutritional status on immune responses or inflammation. The levels of biochemical parameters were determined using commercial diagnostic kits. Hematological parameters were also examined. We also employed ELISA for detection of CXCL1, CXCL10 and CXCL12 chemokines. The Student-T test was used to compare the values of different parameters obtained in the first and last day of Ramadan fasting by employing SPSS (version 18) software. As our findings demonstrated, there was a markedly difference between before and after Ramadan BMI of the individuals who fast. Our results also revealed that there was a remarkable difference between the levels of total cholesterol, FBS, Triglycerides and LDL before and after Ramadan fasting. RESULTS revealed that among studied hematological par...
Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Lipid Profiles and Interleukin-6 in Obese Patients
Journal of Endocrinology, Tropical Medicine, and Infectiouse Disease (JETROMI), 2020
Obesity can cause a state of chronic low-grade inflammation due to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipose tissue which is not followed by the formation of balanced vascularization. Interleukin-6 is one of the mediators of inflammation that results from obesity. Changes in lifestyle during fasting for the entire month of Ramadan are thought to have an effect on the lipid profile and inflammatory mediators. This research is a prospective cohort observational study conducted in March 2019-May 2019 endocrine polyclinic outpatient clinic Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan in 30 subjects. Anthropometric measurements and examination of lipid profiles and IL-6 levels, one week before Ramadan fasting and the fourth week of Ramadan. This study showed that there were significant differences in total cholesterol and HDL levels in the study subjects before and after Ramadan fasting (p <0.001; p = 0.049). Also found significant differences in median IL-6 study subjects before and after Ramadan fasting (p <0.001). There was a decrease in levels of IL-6, a decrease in total cholesterol and a statistically significant increase in HDL in obese patients undergoing Ramadan fasting.
Ramadan Fasting Exerts Immunomodulatory Effects: Insights from a Systematic Review
Frontiers in Immunology
Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar and is observed by Muslims as a month of fasting. All Muslim adults are expected to fast; nevertheless certain subgroups, including sick, frail subjects, and pregnant women, among others, are exempted. Ramadan fasting has been shown to impact on body systems in different manners. The influence of Ramadan fasting on immune system regulation remains elusive; however, immune system changes, such as the modulation of body response to various infectious, stressful, and other harmful events, are of great interest during fasting. In this paper, we performed an extensive systematic literature review of different scholarly databases (ISI/Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed,/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Directory of Open Access Journals, EbscoHOST, Scirus, Science Direct, the Cochrane Library, and ProQuest), using the following key words: "fasting," "Ramadan," "Islam," and "immunity." Conclusions drawn from these findings included: (1) Ramadan fasting has been shown to only mildly influence the immune system and the alterations induced are transient, returning to basal pre-Ramadan status shortly afterward. (2) Ramadan fasting during the second trimester of pregnancy was shown to be safe and did not result in negative fetal outcomes, or maternal oxidative status alterations. (3) In cardiac patients, Ramadan fasting can have beneficial effects including lipid profile improvement and alleviation of oxidative stress. (4) In asthmatic patients as well as in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and autoimmune disorders, fasting was safe. (5) In psychiatric patients, such as those suffering from schizophrenia, fasting could increase immunologic markers. (6) Fasting Muslim athletes who maintain intensive training schedule during Ramadan showed fluctuations of immunologic markers.
Impact of Ramadan Fasting on Healthy Adult Males: Immuno-Bio-Chemical Study
Diyala Journal of Medicine, 2017
Background: The mandatory month is Ramadan on Muslim’s fasting. Muslims cease from ingestion of food and water starting onset to grass widower to who wants to be fasting in this month that’s according to the lunar calendar; so many immunological, physiological and biochemical changes may happen. Objective: To evaluate some vitamins, hormones and immunological markers in the first and the 28th day of fasting. Patients and Methods: Twenty-five healthy adult male who were subjected to this study. The age range was 24-49 years with mean ± SD (31.6±7.07). Bodyweight, BMI, serum glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C), triglyceride (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total serum bilirubin (TSB), serum creatinine, blood urea, serum electrolytes (Na, K, Cl,) haemoglobin concentration (Hb), haematocrit, vitamin-D, testosterone and C-reactive protein (CRP) were estimated in the 1st day and the 28th day of Ramadan month. The while-interval of the study was 27 days. Human privacy, statistical analyses and P value were used. Results: Serum glucose, LDL, ALT, TSB, serum creatinine, blood urea, vitamin D and CRP were significantly decreased in 28th day of fasting (P=0.0002, P=0.005, P=0.009, P=0.00004, P=0.013, P=0.0074, P=0.0109, respectively). There was no significant change in total cholesterol, VLDL-C, TG, AST, ALP, K, Cl, Hb, haematocrit, testosterone (P>0.05). While HDL-C and serum Na were increased significantly in this study (P= 0=0.004, P=0.0214, respectively). Conclusion: Consuming two meals per day during the month of Ramadan has a balancing effect on biochemical, enzymes and CRP in fasted men.
The Health Impacts of Ramadan Fasting
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION FASTING AND HEALTH, 2019
Ramadan is the holy month of obligatory fasting for all the healthy Muslims who have reached puberty. In Ramadan, fasting individuals consume two meals per day, the first of which is before down to prepare for fasting (Sahur), and second meal is at sunset (Iftar). Fasting is a ritual and religious obligation with numerous beneficial health effects, especially in patients with diet-dependent diseases. Fasting could significantly reduce peptic and duodenal ulcers in combination with H2 blockers and improve the lipid profile, especially through the regulation of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and lo-density lipoprotein, which may be involved in the incidence of heart failure. Furthermore, fasting could enhance the systolic and diastolic blood pressure more significantly compared to the use of drugs such as perindopril/indapamide. Evidence suggests that ischemic stroke and cancer could also be improved by intermitted fasting via multiple pathways and factors such as BDNF, bFGF, GRP78, Hsp70, tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), and ketosis. The present study aimed to systematically review the published literature regarding the effects of Ramadan fasting on the mentioned diseases.