A BRIEF DISCUSSION OF "TRANSGENDER PEOPLE" (original) (raw)
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Sri Lanka Journal of Psychiatry, 2018
Gender is a socially and culturally determined construct, which denotes a person's perception of being a male, female, both, or neither. It lies on a spectrum from binary gender to gender queer. Transgender (TG) refers to the broad spectrum of individuals who identify with a gender different from their gender at birth. The distress caused by any incongruency between the assigned and perceived gender is known as gender dysphoria (GD) and is classified under mental and behavioural disorders in the International Classification of Diseases-10 and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5. Current population estimates of TG people range from 0.17 to 1,333 per 100,000. There are no general population studies for Sri Lanka (SL). Transsexuals face various forms of abuse, including sexual, physical and psychological abuse, most often Review paper
Social and Educational Issues of Transgender
Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, 2021
Transgender or 'they' is not the word limited to persons whose genital are combined but it is a comprehensive term of person whose gender expression, identity or behavior varies from the standards expected from their birth sex. Several transgender personalities fall under those group including transgender male, transgender female, male to female and female to male. It also includes cross dressers (those who wear dresses of others), gender queer people (they feel they belong to both the genders of they do not belong to any gender) and transsexuals. A total of 4,87,803 transgender were plotted in India in census 2011. In all states, only Uttar Pradesh is having 1,37,465 transgender in total. Having this numeric position the main source of income or occupation of these populations are singing, dancing and asking for the money at different occasions like marriage, festivals and birth of child. Probably they do not play any role in the economic development of the society as well as the country, while they have more efficiency than other gender. This paper will discuss the social and educational status of transgender in reference to higher education with some issues of their social and educational adjustment. Further provides some useful suggestions to promote and situate them in the main stream of the society.
Transgender as a Third Gender: Transgender Identity Development
The Dawn Journal
Transgender studies have long been highlighted by social, political, moral, theoretical, and methodological constraints, yielding a multitude of transgender representations in the field. Emerging from feminist and gender theory, trans theory asks us to challenge essentialist and heteronormative understandings of gender, sex, and sexuality. The goal of transgender studies is to provide knowledge that will benefit transgender people and communities. Gender diversity has been prevalent in most global societies, "transgender" is a recent social category and phenomenon. Transgender are being deprived of many rights and privileges which other persons enjoy being the citizen of the country. Transgender people are facing serious problems of human rights, violation in the field of education, employment, healthcare, voting and contesting election and regarding their personal freedom, legal protection, family, and marriage etc. They face harassment at workplace, marketplace, and other public places. The contemporary term "transgender" arose in the mid-1990's from the grassroot community of genderdifferent people. Transgender encompasses anyone whose identity or behaviour falls outside of stereotypical gender norms. Transgender has become an umbrella term that is used to describe a wide range of identities and experiments, including but not limited to transsexual people, male and female cross-dressers. A transgender as per the generic definition is a person who chooses to identify himself/herself with a gender different from one assigned at birth. Various institutions and individuals have given definitions globally. Transgenders of India who have been marginalized and decentered for decades have taken to writing to let their unheard voices echo in the ears of society. Their writings are impregnated with their ordeals to be recognized as mere human beings let alone to be treated equal. Colonizers with their tool of cultural imperialism seized the psyche of Indians and metamorphosed their attitudes towards transgender. For this purpose, the present paper will highlight the transgender identity development through the autobiographies of Indian transgenders Manobi Bandopadhya's-A Gift of Goddess Laxmi and Vidya's I am Vidya.
Treatment of Transvestite in our Societies and Voice against The Discrimination. Nadiyahkhushboo
IJAHMS, 2021
The law possesses a noticeable spot in the regular daily existences of LGBT people, and the proceeding with guideline and policing of sexuality and sex weighs vigorously on numerous individuals who recognize as LGBT. Notwithstanding wonderful advancement in the territory of LGBT social liberties, LGBT people in the India actually need formal correspondence and are kept numerous from getting the insurances that are managed other truly distraught gatherings. These legitimate inabilities speak to a continuous wellspring of minority push and can deliver a correspondingly serious extent of "lawful awareness" inside the LGBT people group. Given the significance of law in LGBT lives, it isn't astonishing that LGBT-related examination frequently fuses references to the legitimate status of LGBT people. For instance, an investigation investigating the danger of self destruction among LGBT youth may incorporate a conversation of against tormenting laws and assurances, or a report on wellbeing abberations in the LGBT people group may make reference to the accessibility of relationship acknowledgment as a wellspring of medical coverage and different advantages. Our general public has censured and distanced individuals who don't adjust to its standards. Transsexual people are one such gathering of individuals who have been minimized, mishandled, despised and unfeelingly ignored network in pretty much every known society. The term-transgender is commonly used to portray the individuals who violate social sex standards. Transsexual is regularly utilized as an umbrella term to connote people who challenge inflexible, twofold sexual orientation developments and who communicates or present a breaking and obscuring of socially common characteristically sex jobs. It incorporates pre-employable, post-usable and non-usable transgender individuals who emphatically relate to sexual orientation inverse to their natural sex (UNDP India Report, 2010). Transsexual are known locally by numerous names like 'laanch' in Kashmir and some call them "choodona " ,"50-50" and so forth. They face separation in each part of life be it business, lawful acknowledgment, admittance to social assets including nice life standard and instruction. As in different pieces of the nation, the third sexual orientation in Kashmir exists, yet their reality is not really perceived by the general public and they are pushed to the limits. In spite of the fact that the J&K government has set up a panel to screen and look at the plan of different government assistance approaches on trans sexual orientations , a great deal should be finished. This investigation expected to uncover sufferings, segregation and minimization of transsexual; these people are generally dismissed from their families and other social associations and face fluctuated types of social prohibition. The article is generally founded on auxiliary sources, just as on perceptions.
Other Sex: A Study on Problems of Transgender women of District Srinagar
The rationale of this paper is to accentuate the problems of transgender women and to formulate a set of recommendations to address these problems. A transgender woman is a male to female transgender and a transgender is a person whose self-identity does not conform unambiguously to conventional notions of male or female gender (Oxford Dictionary). They face harassment from multi-dimensional sources, from parents, teachers, peers, society… and it includes each sphere of their lives. In Jammu and Kashmir there is no Transgender welfare Board therefore the problems of the third gender remain unattended. There is an immense need to address their problems in order to make them fully functional human beings by guaranteeing and safeguarding their rights. Present study is an empirical study in which the desired information (socio-economic profile) was extracted by using an interview schedule and the mental health was studied by using MINI (Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview)
Challenges and Problems of Transgender
The term transgender refers to people whose sense of their own gender differs from what would be expected based on the sex characteristics with which they were born. Transgender is also a part of the society and they have equal right to everything in the world that is available to all other persons. The community of transgender is a portion of the social order and they have equal rights in everything that is presented to all others in the world. Since time immemorial the presence of such transgender are not new and are engraved in history. Transgender is often used as an umbrella term to signify individuals who defy rigid, binary gender constructions and who expresses or present a breaking and blurring of culturally prevalent stereotypically gender roles. Transgender people are not strangers to society. They people have been discriminated for long enough. Transgender people are discriminated on an almost daily basis. They are discriminated in the workplace. Transgender inequality is the unequal protection. The present study focused with the challenges and problems of transgender community. For analysis purpose 50 transgender people were interviewed through an interview schedule. Researcher adopted purposive sampling method for collecting data. The final result of the study reveals that they people have insecurity and discrimination and face lot of problems in our society. Majority of the respondents don't have an awareness level towards the schemes and rights provided by government for their life.
Studi Kualitatif Kepuasan Hidup Pria Transgender (Waria) DI Banda Aceh
Jurnal Psikologi Undip, 2014
Transgender person is an individual who thinks and feels differently from the assigned gender; it is classified as a gender identity disorder; in this study context is a man who changed himself to be a woman. This uncommon behavior struggles for social acceptance in Indonesian society due to gender construction debate. This study aims to assess life satisfaction of male transvestite living in Kota Banda Aceh through understanding on the respondents' life experiences. A qualitative phenomenological approach was used in this study. Respondents were collected using the snowball technique. Four men who changed to be women participated in this study. Subject I: 34 years old, has been living as a transgender for 13 years; Subject II: 24 years old, has been living as a transgender for 8 years; Subjek III: 27 years old, has been living as a transgender for 4 years; and Subject IV: 36 years old, has been living as a transgender for 12 tahun. The result showed that life satisfaction was achieved when subjects accepted their conditions and their success in changing their bodies to be women. Their life satisfaction was derived from social support given by other male transvestites and by their partners that fulfilled their needs to love and to be loved. The greatest obstacle they encountered was rejection from the society which increased their anxiety because they did not fulfilled social expectation to behave in accordance to their gender. They used religious practices to cope with this obstacle. Male transvestite achieved an optimum life satisfaction when they are able to accept their lives and receive social support from the society.
TRANSGENDERS IN INDIA: A STUDY OF EDUCATIONAL STATUS AND LEGAL RIGHTS
Transgender is an umbrella term that is issued to describe people whose gender identity does not match with the sex they were born with. In other words, a transgendered person may have been born as a male but identifies as a female or vice versa. Some transgender people who desire medical assistance to transition from one sex to another identify as transsexual, transgender, often shortened as Trans. In addition, it includes whose gender identity is the opposite of their assigned sex considered as Tran's men and Trans women who are not exclusively masculine or feminine such as non-binary or gender queer, including bigender, pan gender, gender fluid or a gender. Transgender people may be identified as heterosexual, homosexual, bio-sexual, and sexual or may decline to the level their sexual orientation. Additionally, prevalence of transgender person among 100000 general population have been calculated. Transgender population is very high in the states like Uttar Pradesh (28.18%), Andhra Pradesh (8.97%), Bihar (8.37%), west Bengal (6.22%) and Tamil Nadu (4.58%). The main objective of the study is to observe the challenges face by transgender and literacy rate in India. Research Methodology constitutes the basic and an important component of every research project. It refers to a plan or strategy used to seek answers to research questions. (i) Study Design: The study was based on an explanatory cum descriptive research orientation (ii) Unit and universe: Present study is an analytical study based on secondary data source with taking some