Nanomaterials: Opportunities and Challenges for Aerospace (original) (raw)

A Review on Nano-particles and Nano-composites for Aerospace Application

The paper states about the technological revolution development of automotive and aerospace industry exhibiting place for nano-particles and nano-composites. The article provides generalized conclusion of the characterization and properties of the nano-particles and the nano-composites based on ongoing research worldwide. These are thought of as high performance materials of the 21st century with unusual property combinations and unique design possibilities. With an estimated annual growth rate of about 25% and huge demand for engineering polymers, they have promising potential for future aircraft and automation in several applications like developing nano-mechanical and nano-electrical equipment. The improved mechanical properties of nano-composites like value of Young's modulus compared to carbon fiber and metallic alloy have resulted in major interest to strengthen and toughen conventional aircraft structures and gas turbine engines. In addition the ongoing research of nanotechnology has justified promising immense possibilities in nano-electronics and optoelectronic applications as well as fuel cell application.

Advanced Materials and Multifunctional Structures for Aerospace Vehicles

2006

This paper presents a critical review of the work on Advanced Materials for Multi Functional Structures in Aerospace Vehicles. The advanced synthesis, processing and the characterization techniques that facilitate the design of multifunctional aerospace materials leading to their reliable and high performance in extreme environments will be reviewed. The focus areas of this paper will be materials for sensing, actuation and damping, damage tolerant and adaptive structures, anti-icing and multifunctional coatings. Other properties considered for design are electrical conductivity, thermal resistance, radiation shielding and resistance to impact loading. Multifunctional materials also offer numerous possibilities for the development of components and devices that are lighter, stronger, stiffer, and more resistant to extreme environments in aerospace applications. The nano-layered and nano-composite coatings developed in recent years are now not only able to sense corrosion and mechanical damage to the aircraft skins, but they are also able to sense chemical and physical damage, promote adhesion and fatigue resistance and also offer self-cleaning possibilities.

Multifunctional composites and nanocomposites with applications in the aerospace industry

INCAS BULLETIN, 2009

Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) ,namely, nanoparticles dispersed in a polymer matrix, have garnered academic and industrial interest since 1990. This is due to the very attractive properties of nanostructurated fillers, as carbon nanotubes, laser synthesized nanocarbon and layered silicates; PNCs do not expand the performance space of traditional filled polymers, but introduce new properties, low volume additions (1÷5 %) of nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes and montmorillonite providing properties and enhancements comparable to those achieved by conventional loadings (15-40%) of traditional fillers [1]. Most important, tough, are value -added such as reduced permeability, flame retardant, increased resistance to oxidation and ablation. Also, the effect of carbon nanotubes on grain boundary sliding in zirconia policrystals as re-reentry shield, or thermal barrier [2]represents a matter of interest. Multifunctional composites are materials with carbon fibre or glass fibre as reinforcing networking in nanoaditivated polymer matrix. In aerospace technique these may be antistatic, antilightning, anti radar protectors, as paints, laminates and as sandwich structure. Though the most important application of nanocomposites is their usability in the engineered structural composites. The work presents a partial synthesis of researches performed in this field by the consortium INCAS, INFLPR, ICECHIM, Ovidius University within the CEEX Programme 2005.

Smart Materials in Aerospace: Enhancing Lightweight Design for Missiles, UAVs, and Aircraft

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY, 2024

This paper examines the role of smart materials in enhancing lightweight design for missiles, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and commercial aircraft. Smart materials, characterized by their ability to respond dynamically to environmental stimuli, offer significant advantages in aerospace applications by improving performance, efficiency, and safety. The paper categorizes various types of smart materials, including shape memory alloys, electro active polymer and self healing composites, highlighting their unique properties and functionalities. Applications across different aerospace domains are explored, focusing on adaptive flight control, damage tolerance, and energy efficiency in missiles and UAVs, as well as fuel efficiency and passenger comfort in commercial aircraft. The benefits of integrating smart materials into aerospace designs are discussed, emphasizing weight reduction, enhanced operational capabilities, and long-term cost savings. However, challenges such as manufacturing complexity, cost implications, and regulatory hurdles must be addressed for widespread adoption. The paper concludes by identifying future research opportunities and trends in sustainable efficiency and operational effectiveness. Their capabilities facilitate adaptive designs that can dynamically adjust to changing conditions, real-time damage detection systems that enhance safety, and optimized energy consumption. These advancements are particularly critical in both military and commercial aviation, performance and reliability are paramount. aviation practices, emphasizing the transformative potential of smart materials in the aerospace sector. Through this analysis, the study aims to provide valuable insights into how smart materials can revolutionize aircraft and missile design, leading to safer, more efficient, and environmentally friendly aviation solutions.

Potential applications of advanced nano-composite materials for space payload

Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2020

Their attractive mechanical, electrical & thermal properties, superior to state-of-art materials currently being used, results in improving the performance of polymer matrix composites. The challenge is to identify the required potential application of CNT composites for space use. Moreover, it needs space qualifications including material, process & product qualification. This review paper states a few potential applications of Nanofiller composites for space payload components. It also states challenges and requirements for space applications as well as space qualification.

Nanotecnología para Estructuras Avanzadas de la Industria Aeronáutica

2014

En el presente articulo se describen las aplicaciones potenciales y claves de las nanotecnologias emergentes en el ambito de las estructuras de material compuesto empleadas en la industria aeronautica. Considerando una vision global de la arquitectura del avion, se exponen los desafios tecnicos a abordar por la nanotecnologia, se identifican los requisitos mas importantes y se ilustran los principales beneficios esperados por la aplicacion de los materiales nanocompuestos en dos areas principales de la estructura aeronautica: integracion de nanomateriales para proporcionar funcionalidad electrica, no-inherente a dicha estructura, y para mejorar su comportamiento mecanico (mecanica de fractura, tolerancia al dano). Igualmente, se discuten otras aplicaciones potenciales en el sector, tales como estructuras sensorizadas (deteccion de dano), tecnologias de superficie, propiedades barrera y tecnologias de union.

Nanocomposites as Advanced Materials for Aerospace Industry

INCAS BULLETIN, 2012

Polymer nanocomposites, consisting of nanoparticles dispersed in polymer matrix, have gained interest due to the attractive properties of nanostructured fillers, as carbon nanotubes and layered silicates. Low volume additions (1-5%) of nanoparticles provide properties enhancements comparable to those achieved by conventional loadings (15-40%) of traditional fillers. Structural nanocomposites represent reinforcement structures based on carbon or glass fibers embedded into polymeric matrix modified with nanofillers. Structural composites are the most important application of nanaocomposites, in aerospace field, as, laminates and sandwich structures. Also, they can by used as anti-lightning, anti-radar protectors and paints. The paper presents the effects of sonic dispersion of carbon nanotubes and montmorrilonite on the mechanical, electrical, rheological and trybological properties of epoxy polymers and laminated composites, with carbon or glass fiber reinforcement, with nanoadditivated epoxy matrix. One significant observation is that nanoclay contents higher than 2% wt generate an increase of the resin viscosity, from 1500 to 50000-100000 cP, making the matrix impossible to use in high performance composites. Also, carbon nanotubes provide the resin important electrical properties, passing from dielectric to semi-conductive class. These effects have also been observed for fiber reinforced composites. Contrarily to some opinions in literature, the results of carbon nanotubes or nanoclays addition on the mechanical characteristics of glass or carbon fiber composites seem to be rather low.