Monoclonal antibodies: Innovations in diagnosis and therapy (original) (raw)
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Monoclonal antibodies--therapeutic and diagnostic uses in malignancy
The Western journal of medicine, 1985
Murine monoclonal antibodies represent an attractive type of antitumor therapy because of their potential for exquisite specificity, production in large, pure quantities and mediation of in vivo cytotoxic effects. With maturing monoclonal antibody technology has come the use of these antibodies in clinical studies in patients with malignancy. These trials have established that monoclonal antibodies can be safely administered in large doses, that their pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration can be predicted and that in some instances a therapeutic effect can be produced by their infusion. A number of problems have also been identified by these studies, including antigenic heterogeneity of the tumor, the presence of free serum antigen, the immunogenicity of the xenogeneic antibody, modulation of the surface antigen by the antibody and a finite capacity of human effector mechanisms to mediate cytotoxicity directed by murine antibodies. Other workers are concurrently investigating the ...
The current status of monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer
Current Problems in Cancer, 1986
Beginning in 1987, CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CANCER will welcome a new Editorial Board, incorporate an improved physical design, and be published bimonthly, rather than monthly. These significant improvements in CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CANCER are a direct result of extensive market research conducted among our readers. The new Editorial Board is headed by Charles M. Haskell, M.D., Professor of Medicine and Surgery at the UCLA School of Medicine. A group of preeminent specialists in oncology, surgical oncology, and radiation therapy join Dr. Haskell as associate editors of CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CANCER:
Trial Watch: Monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy
OncoImmunology, 2012
During the past 20 years, dozens-if not hundreds-of monoclonal antibodies have been developed and characterized for their capacity to mediate antineoplastic effects, either as they activate/enhance tumor-specific immune responses, either as they interrupt cancer cell-intrinsic signal transduction cascades, either as they specifically delivery toxins to malignant cells or as they block the tumor-stroma interaction. Such an intense research effort has lead to the approval by FDA of no less than 14 distinct molecules for use in humans affected by hematological or solid malignancies. In the inaugural issue of OncoImmunology, we briefly described the scientific rationale behind the use of monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy and discussed recent, ongoing clinical studies investigating the safety and efficacy of this approach in patients. Here, we summarize the latest developments in this exciting area of clinical research, focusing on high impact studies that have been published during the last 15 months and clinical trials launched in the same period to investigate the therapeutic profile of promising, yet hitherto investigational, monoclonal antibodies.
Monoclonal antibodies in the management of carcinoma patients
Medical oncology and tumor pharmacotherapy, 1991
The use of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in the clinical management of carcinoma patients is reported in the present review. Among the various MAbs generated, MAb B72.3 (LTIB, National Cancer Institute, U.S.A.) has been extensively used in clinical trials either for antigen identification (TAG-72) in sera, or for tumor localization in carcinoma patients. Serum assay results, in colorectal cancer patients, showed the usefulness of the MAb B72.3 in monitoring the clinical course of the malignant disease. Its specific tumor localization (70% of the biopsy specimens) and the immunoscintigraphy studies, after in vivo administration, have also been discussed. The positive results obtained, markedly contributed in the development of a new intraoperative methodology termed "radioimmunoguided surgery".
Ek'sperimentuli da klinikuri medic'ina, 2023
Monoclonal antibodies have been used for the treatment of various severe diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, multiple sclerosis, cancer infections among others. They have immunomodulatory effects, are prepared against specific cytokines, inhibit specific enzymes or signaling molecules. Monoclonal antibodies are generally well tolerated, but those that suppress the immune system may reactivate latent infections, such as tuberculosis or hepatitis B. Most monoclonal antibodies in oncology are administered in body-size-based dosing schedules. Monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy is now considered to be a main component of cancer therapy, alongside surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Monoclonal antibodies possess a diverse set of clinically relevant mechanisms of action. In addition, antibodies can directly target tumor cells while simultaneously promoting the induction of long-lasting anti-tumor immune responses. The multifaceted properties of antibodies as a therapeutic platform have led to the development of new cancer treatment strategies that will have major impacts on cancer care.
Supportive Care in Cancer, 2009
Goals of work Targeted monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) have become a promising treatment option for patients with cancer. However, there is a risk of developing infusion reactions (IRs) with MoAbs. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of IRs on staff time and costs among patients receiving an initial infusion of cetuximab (Erbitux®) and rituximab (Rituxan®). Patients and methods A prospective multicenter study involving time and motion and activity sampling methods was conducted among patients with cancer receiving their first outpatient infusion of cetuximab or rituximab. Patients were observed from initiation of MoAb infusion to the end of the clinic visit. IRs were classified as absent, mild/moderate, and severe/life threatening. Staff time and costs were estimated for preparation and administration of MoAb, other chemotherapy agents, and for management of IRs. Resource costs were compared across IR groups within each MoAb. Main results Among 161 patients enrolled, 32% of 71 patients on cetuximab and 39% of 90 patients on rituximab experienced IRs. Treatment of patients who experienced IRs required more staff time (31-80% more time) and resulted in higher human resource costs (increase of 17-65 US dollars) than patients who did not experience IRs. Conclusions IRs following cetuximab and rituximab administration are common and are associated with measurably increased costs of care. The frequency of IRs suggests the importance of identifying clinical guidelines for intervention and management.
Monoclonal antibodies and therapy of human cancers
Biotechnology Advances, 2000
This survey is an overview of the applications of murine, humanized and recombinant monoclonal antibodies for in vivo diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have been applied to the diagnosis and therapy of an array of human diseases. The initial failures of early clinical trials have been overcome through the production of a new generation of mAb which features reduced immunogenicity and improved targeting abilities. The early models of mAb therapy were focused on enhancing the cytolytic mechanisms against the tumor cells. More recently, successful mAb-based therapies were targeted to molecules involved in the regulation of growth of cancer cells. This has highlighted the relevance of understanding receptor-mediated signaling events, and may provide new opportunities for anti-tumor antibody targeting. Despite all the difficulties, clinical data is outlining an increasingly significant role for antibody-mediated cancer therapy as a versatile and powerful instrument in cancer treatment. One reasonable expectation is that treatment at an earlier stage in the disease process or in minimal residual disease may be more advantageous.