A Study on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Staphylococcus Aureus from Tertiary Care Centers Chandrapur (M.S.) India (original) (raw)
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Journal of Institute of Medicin April, 2012; 34:1 13-17 www.jiom.com.np e,
BACKGROUND S. aureus is a versatile pathogen that causes human diseases ranging from mild infections to life-threatening sepsis. Therefore, to prevent S. aureus infections, effective infection control practices and antibiotic policies should be formulated. The present study was conducted to study the prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS A descriptive study was conducted in Microbiology Department. In the present study, out of 1194 clinical isolates, 206 S. aureus isolates were identified and processed using standard microbiology procedures. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. RESULTS The prevalence of S. aureus was reported as 206 (17.25%) and MRSA was reported as 99 (48.0%). High resistance was seen in case of Penicillin whereas resistance less than 50% was reported in Methicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Erythromycin; and Clindamycin. Vancomycin, Teicoplanin and Linezolid were found to be 100% sensitive. CONCLUSION S. aureus is a common cause of skin and soft tissue infections in hospitals. There should be a regular surveillance on the changing patterns of antibiotic sensitivity pattern of MRSA and antibiotic policy should be formulated to reduce the increasing levels of infections in the hospitals.
Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, 2016
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important causes of community acquired and hospital acquired infections worldwide. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major antibiotic resistant organisms. The present study was undertaken to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from various clinical samples and to evaluate the possible presence of MRSA, VISA (vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus) and VRSA (vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus). A total of 120 isolates of S. aureus which were isolated from various clinical samples were tested for methicillin resistance using the oxacillin disc diffusion test (1µg) and cefoxitin disc diffusion test (30µg). All isolates were subjected to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing with agar dilution method according to the CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institutes) guidelines. Disc diffusion method was also used to determine the susceptibility of strains to common antibiotics. 64(53.3%) isolates were found to be MRSA by the cefoxitin disc diffusion method and 63(52.5%) isolates were found to be MRSA by oxacillin disc diffusion method. No VISA&VRSA isolates were detected by using the MIC agar dilution method. MRSA isolates were also highly resistant to other antibiotics that were tested.
Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2013
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causing nosocomial infection posed a serious therapeutic challenge. We report the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility pattern and MIC value of vancomycin of MRSA isolates from Doon valley hospitals, Uttarakhand. Clinical specimens were collected from different hospitals were subjected to MRSA screening using conventional microbiological methods. Subsequently the antibiotic sensitivity test was performed for the confirmed MRSA isolates and interpreted as per standard guidelines. The isolates were then checked for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin through broth macrodilution method. All MRSA strains were found to be multi-drug resistant including six isolates (15.7%) which showed resistance against vancomycin (VRSA) apart from resistant to other antibiotics. MIC detection of vancomycin further revealed six strains (15.8%) showed a high level of resistance (>32 µg /ml). Regular surveillance of hospital acquired infection excessive use of antimicrobial agents and monitoring of antibiotic susceptibility pattern is required to reduce the prevalence of MRSA.
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2017
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is notorious for its ability to become resistant to antibiotics. MRSA emerged as nosocomial pathogen in the early 1960s. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are implicated in serious infections and nosocomial infection outbreaks. These strains show resistance to a wide range of antibiotics, thus limiting the treating options to very few agent s such as vancomycin and teicoplanin. Vancomycin has been regarded as the first-line drug for treatment of MRSA. At the same time, there has been an increase in the use of this antibiotic for other infections as well. This has further lead to an increase in the number of both Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) and Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA). Aims-To determine the presence of MRSA and VRSA among staphylococcal isolates in Eastern Bihar. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 10806 samples from patients attending inpatient and outpatient departments from January 2011 to April 2013 were included in the study. Samples were processed as per standard protocol and antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by modified Kirby-Bauer method. Isolates were tested by disc diffusion using oxacillin disc 1 µg, cefoxitin disc 30 µg and by agar dilution for MRSA. VRSA isolates were tested using 30 µg vancomycin disc. MIC of vancomycin to Staphylococcus aureus was determined by agar dilution method. RESULTS Out of a total of 633 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 22.4% were found to be methicillin resistant, 9.95% were VISA and 3.79% were VRSA. Results of oxacillin agar dilution method were in concordance with the cefoxitin disc diffusion method in detecting MRSA strains. All VISA strains were sensitive to linezolid and all VRSA were sensitive to imipenem. 88.7% and 87.3% of all MRSA isolates were sensitive to imipenem and linezolid respectively. CONCLUSION The present shows that antibiotic resistance is steadily on the rise. It is also quite clear that MRSA is acquiring resistance to drugs like rifampicin, teicoplanin, amikacin, netilmicin and imipenem which were at one time used as an alternative to vancomycin. It is therefore imperative for the medical community to work together to fight against this man-made phenomenon called antibiotic resistance.
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 2013
Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin resistant S. aureus, Vancomycin resistant S. aureus, Nosocomial infection, Antibiotic sensitivity, Community infections Objective: To access nosocomial and community accounts of multidrug resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated by surveillance in a teaching hospital, over a period of 30 months. Methods: Clinical samples from nosocomial sources, i.e., wards and cabins, intensive care unit (ICU) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) sources, as well as community or outpatient department (OPD) sources of a hospital were used for isolating strains of S. aureus resistant to methicillin/oxacillin and vancomycin, over a period, November 2009-April 2012. Results: Of a total of 1 507 S. aureus isolates, 485 strains from community and 1 022 isolates were from nosocomial sources; Out of 485 (100%) OPD S. aureus isolates, 390 (80.41%) were MRSA strains. Similarly, from wards and cabins of 564 (100%) isolates, 461 (81.73%) strains were MRSA; whereas of 458 (100%) isolates obtained from ICU and NICU, 363 (79.25%) strains were MRSA. It was ascertained with χ 2-tests of independence that MRSA strains were equally distributed in "community" or "wards and cabins" or "ICU and NICU" sources, alike rest other drug-resistant S. aureus strains. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns of isolated strains with 16 antibiotics were ascertained. Out of 390 (100%) MRSA strains isolated from OPD, 80 (20.51%) were vancomycin resistant (VRSA) and 173 (44.35%) strains were moderately sensitive to vancomycin or called, vancomycin intermediate strains (VISA). Similarly, from nosocomial sources, out of 461 (100%) MRSA isolates obtained from wards and cabins, 110 (23.86%) strains were VRSA and 208 (45.11%) were VISA strains, whereas out of 363 MRSA isolates obtained from ICU and NICU, 61 (16.8%) VRSA strains and 164 (45.17%) VISA strains were found. A progressive increase of percent values of drug resistance to 16 antibiotics used for antibiotic profiling revealed its subtle infection dynamics. Conclusions: This study revealed the appalling state of occurrence of MRSA and VRSA in a resource-limited setting. A progressive increase of percent values of drug resistance to 16 antibiotics used revealed its subtle infection dynamics.
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences
In view of the reported emergence of vancomycin resistance in MRSA from the state and the country as a whole we evaluated the pattern of culture and sensitivity on 160 samples from Orthopaedic Department over a period of one year between Nov 2014 and Nov 2015. These belonged to 111 males and 49 females with different aetiologies. Using standard protocols for the culture, 84 (52%) samples grew no organisms while Staph aureus was grown in 43 samples (26.8%) and gram negative organism in 28 and 5 samples grew mixed organism. Out of these 43 isolates of Staph aureus, MRSA was grown in 32 (74.4%) and MSSA in 11 (25.6%). These belonged to 23 (71.8%) males and 9 (28.1%) females. Majority of MRSA were grown from the patients of acute osteomyelitis and operated fractures (63.3%). Linezolid showed highest sensitivity (100%) followed by Vancomycin (96.8%), Clindamycin (37.5%), erythromycin (21%), Amikacin (21%), Levofloxacin (9.3%), cotrimoxazole (9.3%) and ciprofloxacin (3.1%). By diffusion method 6 positive cultures depicted doubtful sensitivity pattern for vancomycin (18.75%). However, on further analysis using MIC only one isolate (3.3%) showed intermediate resistance to vancomycin; 12 cultures (37.5%) were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid only. The presence of vancomycin resistance calls for a watchful approach towards these infections and an extensive study to better define the problem.
Journal of contemporary medicine and dentistry, 2014
Background: Serious endemic and epidemic Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) infections occur globally. Many strains of MRSA exhibit resistance to β-lactams and amino glycosides. Therefore, the knowledge of prevalence of MRSA and their current antimicrobial profile become necessary in the selection of appropriate empirical treatment of these infections. Material and Methods: A total of one hundred and fifty samples from surgery, orthopedics, pediatrics, gynecology and obstetrics, medicine, ENT departments, were collected. Results: 84.78% resistance was noticed for penicillin-G followed by Co-Trimoxazole (80 %). Majority were multidrug resistant. The resistance to Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Gentamycin and Ciprofloxacin was 65.21%, 65.21%, 52.17% and 56.09% respectively. All the MRSA strains were highly resistant to Nalidixic Acid (85.71%) and Norfloxacin (78.57%) and least resistance was observed for the Nitrofurantoin (7.69%).The MRSA were seen to be highly sensitive to Vancomycin and Rifampicin which showed 100% sensitivity and also for Amoxicillin (82.92%), Amikacin (67.44%). Conclusion: Floroquinolones have resistance but still drugs like Amoxicillin and Amikacin have sensitivity.
Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) is one of the most important pathogens affecting humans, and is a leading cause of hospital and community acquired infections, manifesting from minor skin diseases to life threatening infections. The grave concern being the growing incidence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a drug resistant pathogen, for which therapeutic options are limited. The present study is carried to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of staphylococcus aureus in order to utilize the information to formulate antibiotic policy and appropriate control measures. Methods: A retrospective and prospective study done in a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir. A total of 140 isolates of S. aureus were obtained from various clinical specimens which were identified based on Gram\\\'s stain morphology, colony characteristics, and positive catalase and coagulase tests. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested by disc diffusion method. Results: Out of total 140 isolates, 58 (41.4%) were methicillin resistant. Majority of MRSA were isolated from the age group 21-30 followed by age group of 51-60 years. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of MRSA to the following antibiotics Ampicillin, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Vancomycin, Gentamicin, Amikacin, Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Ciprofloxacin, Linezolid, Trimethoprim/Sulphamethoxazole was 10.3%; 29.3%; 41.37%; 96.5%; 31.03%; 91.3%; 32.7%; 27.5%; 56.8%; 100%; 32.7% respectively. The MSSA being highest sensitive to Linezolid and Vancomycin (100%), followed by Amikacin (93.9%). Conclusion: This study highlights the need for continuous surveillance of antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) with a view to selecting appropriate therapy and also emphasizes the Implementation and monitoring of infection control committee so as to prevent the rampant use of antibiotics and minimize the emergence of resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Key words: Staphylococcus aureus; antibiotic susceptibility; Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus; resistance.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015
Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus were initially described in 1961 and emerged in the last decade as one of the most important nosocomial pathogens. The current study was undertaken to provide data for empirical selection of appropriate antibiotics for the treatment of diseases caused by S. aureus. Methods: Various clinical samples like pus, urine, stool, sputum, blood and other body fluids of patients were selected for study from June 2012 to June 2013. Staphylococcus aureus were identified by various biochemical tests and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates were performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Detection of the MRSA was done by Oxacillin disc diffusion method. Results: A total of 137 isolates of S. aureus were obtained over duration of 12 months. These included isolates from the sample of pus, urine, sputum, body fluids. Out of 137 S. aureus strains isolated, 62 (45.3%) were identified as MRSA and 75 (54.7%) were identified as MSSA based on oxacillin disk diffusion method. Anti-biograms revealed the high level of resistance among MRSA isolates when compared to MSSA isolates The most effective agent against MRSA isolates was linezolid (96.8%sensitive), followed by tetracycline (90.9%) and piperacillin/tazobactam (80.6%). Conclusion: The prevalence of MRSA in our hospital was high. Therefore to reduce the incidence of infections due to MRSA, we suggest implementation of the strict antibiotic policy guidelines and continuous monitoring of antibiotic susceptibility patterns of such pathogens.
British Microbiology Research Journal, 2014
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), vancomycin resistant or vancomycin intermediate resistant S. aurues (aureus) (VRSA/VISA) among clinical isolates. Study Design: S.aureus isolates used in this study were randomly collected from in-patient and outpatient of several hospitals of 7 cities in Iran (Tehran, Shiraz, Zahedan, Tabriz, Sannandaj, Sari, and Ahvaz) during 2006-2008. Methodology: Antibiotic susceptibility of 250 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Iranian hospitals were determined by disk diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) were determined for oxacillin and vancomycin by E-test. PCRs were used by specific primers (PCR used specific primers) for detection of mecA, vanA, vanB genes. Results: The percentage of resistance by disk diffusion method was as below: methicillin 46%, vancomycin 0%, penicillin 86%, erythromycin 42%, ciprofloxacin 29%, gentamicin 39% and clindamycin 33%. E-test MIC method showed that 43% isolates were resistant to British Microbiology Research Journal, 4(4): 454-461, 2014 455 methicillin and 4% isolates were VISA (≤ 8µg/ml). The prevalence of resistance genes in the clinical isolates were: mecA 44%, vanA 0%, vanB 0%. Conclusion: This study revealed that clinical isolates have rather high resistance to methicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, penicillin and clindamycin We did not observe resistance to vancomycin. In order to avoid a possible outbreak involving VISA), vancomycin should be used carefully as a drug for treatment of S. aureus infections.