Performance of Pelton Turbine for Hydroelectric Generation in Varying Design Parameters (original) (raw)
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Modelling, Fabrication & Analysis of Pelton Turbine for Different Head and Materials
Water is the renewable source of energy and proximately 15% of world energy drives by hydropower plant. Pelton wheel turbine is the type of impulse turbine which is work under the atmospheric pressure and it work on high head which is lies in the range between 2000 meters. Pelton wheel turbine is an axial flow turbine. The water strikes on the bucket which is carried from the reservoir to penstock and lower end of penstock is connected with nozzle. Nozzle increase the velocity of jet and this high velocity jet strikes on bucket due to striking on bucket an impulse is act on bucket which is exert by jet by which the runner starts to rotate. The bucket is mounted on the edge of the runner around the circumference of runner and runner is mounted on the shaft. The turbine shaft is connected with the generator shaft. The generator shaft converts the mechanical work that is generated by turbine into the useful electric energy, so the water discharges into tailrace after striking on the bucket. So the process start from storing of water into the dam this potential energy of water converts into kinetic energy and the kinetic energy used for drive the wheel of turbine.
Performance analysis of Pelton turbine under different operating conditions: An experimental study
Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 2022
In this article, an experimental work has been carried out to examine the effect of varying operating conditions on performance of Pelton turbine. The experiments have been performed for various nozzle jet diameters (d), volume flowrate (Q) and pressure head (H). The experimental results display that the rise in d leads to reduce the input power due to decrease in H. For a certain nozzle diameter, the results indicated that the maximum brake power increases with increasing in Q owing to increase the torque and consequently, the optimum operational condition can be achieved when using smaller d and higher Q. The best turbine performance has been found when using d = 9.5 mm and Q = 85 L/min owing to produce higher efficiency and cover large range of wheel speed. The maximum efficiency of nozzle diameters 9.5 mm, 10.5 mm, 11.5 mm and 12.5 mm have been found equal 35.5%, 33%, 29.2% and 21.6%, respectively. Hence, d has inversely effect on the turbine performance. The data clearly also indicate that d and Q have substantially influences on the power that generated by turbine. By recognizing the effects of related parameters, it is now possible to generate a higher electric power in hydroelectric power plants that operated by using Pelton turbine.
Design Calculation of Pelton Turbine for 220 kW
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP)
In Myanmar, there are various natural resources such as water, air, wind and solar. Among of them, water resource is the most abundant as there are many rivers and streams with rich electrical energy. Moreover, the cost of hydroelectric power is relatively cheaper compared with other resources. In hydraulic turbine is one of the most important parts to generate electricity. This paper intends to design the runner and nozzle with needle for Pelton turbine that will generate 220 kW output power from head of 213 m and flow rate of 0.135 m 3 /s. For these head and capacity of turbine, rotational speed is 1000 rpm, specific speed is 18.4, pitch circle diameter is 0.56 m, jet diameter is 0.053 m and nozzle outlet diameter is 0.064 m. The number of bucket based on jet ratio, 11 is 21. Detail design of runner, nozzle with needle of that turbine is described in this paper.
DESIGN OF HIGH EFFICIENCY PELTON TURBINE FOR MICRO- HYDROPOWER PLANT
The Pelton turbine was performed in high head and low water flow, in establishment of micro-hydro electric power plant, due to its simple construction and ease of manufacturing. To obtain a Pelton hydraulic turbine with maximum efficiency during various operating conditions, the turbine parameters must be included in the design procedure. In this paper all design parameters were calculated at maximum efficiency. These parameters included turbine power, turbine torque, runner diameter, runner length, runner speed, bucket dimensions, number of buckets, nozzle dimension and turbine specific speed.
Conceptual design of a pelton turbine to supply the electricity need in Selur Village, Ponorogo
AIP Conference Proceedings
The type of turbine used in the MHP of Selur Village is a crossflow type that can generate 20.392 kW of electricity generated from Sunggah Waterfall. Pelton turbine is a kind of turbine that produces maximum power from a waterfall into electrical energy. In this research, the design results obtained specifications where the 30 kW Pelton turbine uses a rotation speed of 400 rpm, turbine efficiency of 0.61, where the fluid flow rate (V) is 123.332 m 3 /s, the specific speed is 8.9 rpm. Pelton turbine diameter (D) is 615.28 mm, the jet of water diameter (d) is 76 mm, bucket length (L) is 173.28 mm, bucket width (B) is 21.28 mm, notch width (M) of 85.12 mm, notch depth (S) of 33.44 mm, bucket depth (E) of 60.8 mm, and bucket height (A) of 133 mm.
IJERT-Simulation of the Influence of Head on the Power Output of a Pelton Turbine
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2014
https://www.ijert.org/simulation-of-the-influence-of-head-on-the-power-output-of-a-pelton-turbine https://www.ijert.org/research/simulation-of-the-influence-of-head-on-the-power-output-of-a-pelton-turbine-IJERTV3IS100478.pdf This work is set out to investigate the influence of head on the power output of a pelton turbine. Simulation was performed on the head operating conditions to determine the power output of a pelton turbine. High head and low flow with increased pressure operating conditions deliver more energy to the bucket splitter to generate a force on bucket surface which drives or retards the bucket motion compared to the energy delivered to the bucket splitter by low head and high flow with decreased pressure operating condition. I. INTRODUCTION The high demand for a clean source of energy continues to increase as indicated by the increase in distributed generation technologies and adoption of renewable energy resources. Climate change and global warming have made renewable energy the most appropriate and fitting means of answering all these changes in our environment. Micro-hydro power plant (MHPP) is considered as one of the most reliable renewable energy in the world. It is also one of the earliest small scales renewable energy and is still an important source of energy today. MHPP are appropriate in most causes for individual users or groups who are independent of the electricity supply grid. A MHPP is generally a hydroelectric power installation that can produce up to 100 kW of power. It does not encounter the problem of population displacement and is not expensive as solar or wind energy. To attain the megawatt power required in the developing countries as Nigeria requires optimizing our dams by introducing Pelton turbine for power generation scheme or upgrading the available sources of energy in the country [1]. This paper therefore sets out to investigate through simulation the effect of head on the power output of a pelton turbine in order to enhance the power generation in Nigeria. In order to do this, development of mathematical equation for hydraulic power delivered by the jet of water to the wheel at varied head was done which influences the shaft output to the generator. Determination was also made with equation of the head delivered by the pump to the fluid, and consequently the power delivered to the turbine by the water.
This paper investigates through experiment, the effect of head and bucket splitter angle on the power output of a pelton turbine (water turbine), to improve the power generation by the use of efficient Hydroelectric power generation systems. Experiments were conducted on pelton turbine head conditions, high head and low flow with increased pressure delivered more energy on the bucket splitter which then generates a force in driving the wheel compared to the result obtained from low head and high flow operating conditions. The power output was maximum at 23° splitter angle followed by 21°, 15°, 10° and 3° using varied turbine speed (1700, 1400, 1200 and 1000rpm). The force generated by the bucket due to the splitter was increased as the turbine speed was increasing. The force generated by the bucket was increased (0 to 0.38N) due to the energy delivered to the wheel by the head, the turbine output increases from (0 to 7.47kW) which influences the output. This increase in the power output was as a result of their head conditions and the bucket splitter angle.
Comparative Performance Evaluation of Pelton Wheel and Cross Flow Turbines for Power Generation
European Mechanical Science, 2019
The performance of two micro hydro power turbines (Pelton Wheel and Cross Flow Turbines) were evaluated at the University of Ilorin (UNILORIN) dam. The Dam has a net head of 4 m, flow rate of 0.017m3 and theoretical hydropower energy of 668W. The two turbines were tested and the optimized value of operating conditions namely; angle of inclination (15o above tangent, tangential and 15o below tangent), height to impact point (200mm, 250mm and 300mm) and length to impact point (50mm, 100mm and 150mm) were pre-set at their various levels for both Turbines. The optimum values of the process output or measured parameters were determined statistically using a 33X2 factorial experiment in three replicates. An optimum Turbine speed (538.38rpm) in off load condition was achieved at 250mm height to impact point, 150mm length to impact point and angle at tangential inclination. Similar combination also yielded an optimum turbine torque of 46.16kNm for Pelton Wheel Turbine. For the Crossflow Tur...
Design, Modeling & Analysis of Pelton Wheel Turbine Blade
A Pelton-wheel impulse turbine is a hydro mechanical energy conversion device which converts gravitational energy of elevated water into mechanical work. This mechanical work is converted into electrical energy by means of running an electrical generator. The Pelton turbine was performed in high head and low water flow, in establishment of micro-hydroelectric power plant, due to its simple construction and ease of manufacturing. To obtain a Pelton hydraulic turbine with maximum efficiency during various operating conditions, the turbine parameters must be included in the design procedure. Here all design parameters were calculated at maximum efficiency by using MATLAB SOFTWARE. These parameters included turbine power, turbine torque, runner diameter, runner length, runner speed, bucket dimensions, number of buckets, nozzle dimension and turbine specific speed. The main focus was to design a Pelton Turbine bucket and check its suitability for the the pelton turbine. The literature on Pelton turbine design available is scarce; this work exposes the theoretical and experimental aspects in the design and analysis of a Pelton wheel bucket, and hence the designing of Pelton wheel bucket using the standard rules. The bucket is designed for maximum efficiency. The bucket modelling and analysis was done by using SOLIDWORKS 2015. The material used in the manufacture of pelton wheel buckets is studied in detail and these properties are used for analysis. The bucket geometry is analysed by considering the force and also by considering the pressure exerted on different points of the bucket. The bucket was analysed for the static case and the results of Vonmises stress, Static displacement and Factor of safety are obtained.