Space for People in a Contemporary City - What Architectural and Town Planning Solutions Help in Shaping a Functional and Convenient Street (original) (raw)
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Public space is the thread of a methodological discourse about urban structure, interpreted from three complementary systems. We read urban structure as "support" of urban life. The three-systems (roads and mobility, centers and neighborhoods, and public open spaces themselves) allow spatial and functional reading of urban geometry. The ability of the three, independently, but mostly coordinated, offers arguments in order to get that public space was the center of the contemporary and future city project.
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Urban Design in
2004
This thesis aims to set out an urban design framework, based on pedestrian experiences and pedestrian spaces, in order to take up streets to design or enhance them as pedestrian friendly urban public places. This could also be considered as a model of approach, which assumes a normative manner. Pedestrian urban places are surveyed, then analyses are drawn that will lead to design. In that framework, the study first summarizes theoretical concepts of urbanity, urban quality and pedestrian experiences, which are necessary for examining these places. Then, it puts out how an urban place is examined with respect to the three main headings, which constitute the components of urban places: urban form, urban image and urban activity. iv The study area, 7th Street in Bahçelievler, has become a secondary centre with its vitality and the diversity of activities attracting many people from other districts
2007
Professor Ola Bettum for professional aid and inspiration throughout my studies. Bettum has been my professional co-worker, not only in general, but also as the principal secretary for the "Urban life"-project and as author of the Oslo-publication. The UL-project, initiated and led by myself, was a time consuming and exciting challenge. The methodical approach towards street planning presented and assessed here, is based on the methods use in the project, developed by Professor Bettum and myself, and partly derived from the Danish architect Jan Gehl. I will like to thank Jan Gehl especially for inspiration and contributions. Finally a special warm thanks to my wife and daughters that have patiently ignored my mental absence and my humming PC during late nights of studies. The thesis is dedicated to principal engineer Egil Lundebrekke who so sadly died during the summer 2000. Without his inspiration and backing, this thesis would never been realized.
PART -1 URBAN SPACE 1.1 VIEWS OF URBAN DESIGNERS ABOUT URBAN SPACE
One building standing alone in the countryside is experienced as a work of architecture, but bring half a dozen buildings together and an art other than architecture is made possible. Several things begin happen in the group which would be impossible for the isolated building. We may walk through and past the buildings, and as a corner is turned an unsuspected building is suddenly revealed. We may be surprised, even astonished a reaction generated by the composition of the ground not by the individual building. Again, suppose that the buildings have been put together in a group so that one can get inside the group; than the space created between the buildings is seen to have a life of its own over and above the buildings which create it and one's reaction is to say "I am inside it" or "Law Entering it".
Study of Physical, Social and Functional Structures in Bagdat Street (Istanbul) as Public Space
Civil Engineering and Architecture , 2020
The increased population density, technological advances and modern communication tools have affected urban design, planning and architecture in urban centers. On the other hand, the disproportionate population growth has caused urban managers not to pay much attention to non-physical aspects of cities and to ignore the mental impacts of urban sprawl on citizens. The street has undergone a variety of changes historically and functionally over time; hence this study aims to assess the physical-functional characteristics and their effect on social relationships on Bagdat Street. This study is an applied research in terms of its objectives and employs a descriptive-analytical methodology. The information is collected through field research (observation, interview and questionnaire). The field data is obtained by distributing the questionnaires. According to the research on green spaces, numerous coastal walking spaces, cafes and shopping malls have had a great influence upon people's social relationships on Bagdat Street, but these social spaces profoundly have affected the relationships of residents in terms of furniture, performance at urban level and physical changes of the street throughout history and even led to problems, which are properly investigated in this study.
Journal of Sustainable Development, 2021
Without a structured physical layout and a system of street connections inside cities, successful urban development has never been possible. Streets have played an important role in cities from ancient times, connecting areas, people, and things, promoting business, social interaction, and transportation. Cities' cultural, social, economic, and political functions have been partially defined by streets, plazas, and well-designed public areas. They were-and still are-the first feature to distinguish a place's status, from a haphazard and unplanned settlement to a well-established town or metropolis. In many parts of the world, people are reclaiming their streets as public places. Streets are being redesigned to allow communities to use them to their full potential and as a form of social engagement. However, despite its great importance, not many studies attempted to explore the characteristics and roles of streets and public places, especially within the Macedonian context. The purpose of this study is to explore the sense of comfort and safety of people while being in urban streets and public places. Moreover, in view of the main research objective, besides the characteristics of the urban streets, the demographic variables, such as gender and age were examined as to their relevance for their perceptions. The research results have indicated that the characteristics of the urban streets have impact on participant's perception and feelings, while in terms of demographic variables, only age has a significant role in the perception of the public space of Skopje from every aspect, but not in the sense of comfort and safety while walking in urban streets and public spaces.
Planning the City against Barriers. Enhancing the Role of Public Spaces
Contemporary cities are being fragmented by growing number of technical barriers like roads, railways, infrastructural objects, that generate variety of problems of different nature. The aim of the research is to present the issues connected with such barriers in the city and the ways of solving them. Main problems are e.g.: the destruction of the complexity of urban fabric, functional disadvantages, environmental and landscape threats. In order to avoid such negative effects, city should be designed as a coherent organism in terms of spatial, environmental, infrastructural, social and visual aspects. Thus, public spaces should connect an urban tissue. A technical approach should be complemented with humanistic design aspects. This can be obtained thanks to well designed and functioning public spaces that is the essence of a city. However, a good public space should meet a number of conditions. When creating public spaces, it is important not to limit it only to its physical attributes but it should lead to strengthening the relationships. The public space has to fulfil certain functions, be safe, accessible, and attractive. Only such public space can effectively connect urban fabric not only in a spatial way but also by improving the urban life. The main issue discussed in the article is crossing the borders, like roads, between green spaces and city structures. The theoretical background is followed by the assessment of two case studies: Charles River Esplanade
The Journal of Public Space
Considering the tendency for expansion, diversification and fragmentation of the present city´s urban spaces, and considering that in the last decades public space lost much of the formal and functional attributes that it held in the past (in the historical city), the main problem that we currently face as architects and planners, seems to be how to articulate and (re) build (new) public places that materialise, in a qualified manner, the collective experience (the new ways of living, social interaction and displacement) of the "newer parts" of the city, and that simultaneously incorporate attributes that transform them into memorable and perennial spaceslandmarks of the city that is to come. This article has been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication in The Journal of Public Space. Please see the Editorial Policies under the 'About' section of the journal website for further information.
22nd ISUF Conference: City as organism. New visions for urban life , 2015
In small settlements such as hamlets, streets and public space are often undistinguish-able. Many French villages have started with no clear boundary between public open spaces and streets. While the evolution of planned French cities has been discussed (Lavedan 1952), this paper focuses on open space that has evolved into streets de ned with clear vertical boundaries (Anderson 1986) and is later enhanced by distinctive horizontal boundaries. Based on both Napoleonian and current cadasters, the evolution of the street morphology is analyzed to address the different types of boundaries that drive the street experience. The publically accessible open space of 17 small towns and 18 villages or small French settlements is analyzed as a system of open spaces (Hilllier & Hanson 1984, Batty 2001) and as a street network (Peponis, Bafna & al 2008). The analysis highlights a rst set of transformations that emulates Haussmanns transformations of Paris by rede ning the vertical street boundary (alignment and widening) and by adding new ones. These transformations impact the syntactic structure of the settlement, usually bringing higher integration, visibility and a shift of the core. The second set of transformation that leads to the 21st century street results from a series of changes on the horizontal plane (sidewalk, crosswalk, paving, etc.). These change in materiality are not just subtle design changes, they play a deterministic role on the accessibility of the public space. It leads to question certain modes of representations of the streets such as axial map, iso-vist, property boundaries, and street centerline, which embed only some aspects of the boundaries that privileges either the pedestrian experience or the movement of the car.