Continuous Regional Analysis Device for Neonate Lung (CRADL) (original) (raw)
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Prolonged Continuous Monitoring of Regional Lung Function in Infants with Respiratory Failure
Annals of the American Thoracic Society
At a Glance Commentary Scientific Knowledge on the Subject: Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) allows non-invasive and radiation-free monitoring of regional ventilation distribution and changes in end-expiratory lung volume in critically ill patients of all ages. In the vulnerable neonatal and pediatric population, EIT can be used to identify adverse events like atelectasis, pneumothorax and endotracheal tube malposition and potentially guide the personalized selection of ventilator settings. Previous studies have examined EIT in small patient groups during short measurement periods of only a few hours or less under highly controlled circumstances. What This Study Adds to the Field: In the Continuous Regional Analysis Device for Neonate Lungs (CRADL) project, we performed the first multi-center observational study on the use of EIT in critically ill neonates and young children with or at risk for respiratory failure. Including 200 patients, we demonstrated that continuous EIT monitoring for up to 72 hours is feasible, safe and can be used for continuous monitoring of ventilation distribution in neonates and infants in a routine clinical setting.
Accuracy of currently available neonatal respiratory function monitors for neonatal resuscitation
European Journal of Pediatrics, 2016
This study aimed to test the accuracy in volume measurements of three available respiratory function monitors (RFMs) for neonatal resuscitation and the effect of changing gas conditions. The Florian, New Life Box Neo-RSD (NLB Neo-RSD) and NICO RFM were tested on accuracy with volumes of 10 and 20 mL and on changes in volume measurements under changing gas conditions (oxygen level 21-100 % and from cold dry air (24 ± 2°C) to heated humidified air (37°C). Volume differences >10 % were considered clinically relevant. We found that the mean (SD) volume difference was clinically acceptable for all devices (10, 20 mL): Florian (+8.4 (1.2)%, +8.4 (0.5)%); NLB Neo-RSD (+5.8 (1.1)%, +4.3 (1.4)%); and NICO (−8.2 (0.9)%, −8.7 (0.8)%). Changing from cold dry to heated humidified air increased the volume difference using the Florian (cold dry air, heated humidified air (+5.2 (1.2)%, +12.2 (0.9)%) but not NLB Neo-RSD (+2.0(1.6)%, +3.4(2.8)%) and NICO (−2.3 % (0.8), +0.1 (0.6)%). Similarly, when using heated humidified air, increasing oxygen enlarged increased the volume difference using the Florian (oxygen 21 %, 100 %: +12.2(1.0)%, +19.8(1.1)%), but not NLB Neo-RSD (+0.2(1.9)%, +1.1(2.8)%) and NICO (−5.6(0.9)%, −3.7(0.9)%). Clinically relevant changes occurred when changing both gas conditions (Florian +25.7(1.7)%; NLB Neo-RSD +3.8(2.4)%; NICO −5.7(1.4)%). Conclusion: The available RFMs demonstrated clinically acceptable deviations in volume measurements, except for the Florian when changing gas conditions.
Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 2011
In clinical practice, one of the major problems in optimizing recruitment or lung volume during HFOV in preterm infants is the inability to accurately measure direct changes in lung volume at bedside. Objective: To evaluate changes in lung volume during the recruitment phase of elective HFOV in preterm infants with RDS using respiratory inductive plethysmography. Material and methods: The preliminary results of an observational prospective study were reported. Newborns with GA ≤ 27 weeks requiring elective HFOV for a diagnosis of RDS were studied within the first 6 hours of life using RIP technology, before surfactant instillation. HFOV was performed with Draeger Babylog 8000 plus ventilator with "optimum lung volume strategy "(continuous distending pressure (CDP) increased step-by-step until FiO 2 ≤ 0.25 was reached). Data on ventilator settings, gas exchange and RIP volume were collected and analyzed. The analysis package used in this study visualizes measured data from the Bicore-II device (CareFusion), Pulse Oximeter Masimo, AX300 FiO 2 monitor device and TCM4 shuttle (TCM4, Radiometer, Copenaghen, Denmark). Results: Four preterm infants (two females) with mean ± SD gestational age of 26.5 ± 1.0 weeks and mean ± SD birth weight of 978 ± 188 grams were studied. Relative FRC slightly increased during the first steps of the recruitment phase, while deeply decreased at higher CDP values (≥ 15 cm H 2 O). Notwithstanding FiO 2 decreased until 0.25 in all the newborns except one. Conclusions: Because RIP cannot differentiate between changes in lung fluid or intrathoracic gas, we hypothesized that as CDP increases and total lung capacity is approached, pulmonary vascular resistance increases as a consequence of the compression of intra-alveolar vessels. This increases right ventricular afterload which, combined with re-establishment of right-to left shunting, results in decreased pulmonary blood flow and then decreased lung volume. Caution should then be used when using high CDP values during the recruitment procedure.
Comparison of four methods to calibrate respiratory inductive plethysmograph in premature infants
Critical Care, 2006
Objective To examine the effects of short-term cyclic stretch on apoptosis in alveolar type II cells (A549). To study in vitro the direct influence of alveolar type II cells on mechanical stretch. Methods A549 were treated with different doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 0 ng/ml, 1 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml, 1000 ng/ml, and then A549 were lengthened 5%, 15%, 30% using a FLEXCELL tension unit 4000, a vacuum-driven device that applies strain to cells, which were cultured in six-well plates coated with collagen-I, and 12 cycles/min for 4 hours. Apoptosis was measured using the flow cytometry method that measures annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining. The morphological changes of apoptotic cells were observed by transmission electron microscope. Results Apoptosis could be induced in alveolar type II cells (A549) by mechanical stretch. The percentage of annexin V + PI cells increased after being treated with cyclic stretch for 4 hours by 5%, 15%, 30% in all groups. The morphological features of apoptotic cells demonstrated by transmission electron microscope were as follows: shrinkage of the cell, chromatin condensation and aggregation under the nuclear membrane as a crescent or lump, membrane-encapsulated nuclear fragment or cell organ formed by invagination of the cell membrane, and apoptotic body formation followed by vacuolization. Conclusion Apoptosis induced by mechanical stretch and LPS is dose dependent. Mechanical stretch aggravates apoptosis especially in cells treated with LPS. Annexin V and PI double staining is a specific, sensitive, and quantitative method for analyzing apoptotic cells. It is also helpful to clarify the protective mechanism of low-volume ventilation in ARDS. PaO 2 /FiO 2 430 [421; 440] # 380 [349; 397] 165 [68; 289] # C (ml/cmH 2 O) 28 [24; 32]* 18 [16; 21]* 12 [8; 17]* R i (cmH 2 O/l/s) 4.1 [3.9; 4.5] 4.5 [4.3; 5.1] 5.1 [3.7; 7.9] # P < 0.05 control vs 24-hour peritonitis, *P < 0.05 control vs 12-hour and 24-hour peritonitis.
Respiratory compliance in infants—a preliminary evaluation of the multiple interrupter technique
Pediatric Pulmonology, 1992
Measurements of total respiratory system compliance (Crs) using the multiple occlusion technique (MOT) in spontaneously breathing infants can be difficult to interpret in the presence of an unstable end-expiratory level. Similarly, measurements using the passive flow volume technique (PFV) are invalidated if there is alinearity of the expiratory time constant (Trs), irrespective of respiratory effort. For possibly overcoming these problems, we assessed the feasibility of a technique using multiple interruptions of of a single expiration (MIT), obtaining several pairs of volume-pressure data, from one expiration, which relate to a single end-expiratory level.
Neonatal non-invasive respiratory support: Physiological implications
Pediatric Pulmonology, 2012
The introduction of assisted ventilation for neonatal pulmonary insufficiency has resulted in the successful treatment of many previously fatal diseases. During the past three decades, refinement of invasive mechanical ventilation techniques has dramatically improved survival of many high-risk neonates. However, as with many advances in medicine, while mortality has been reduced, morbidity has increased in the surviving high-risk neonate. In this regard, introduction of assisted ventilation has been associated with chronic lung injury, also known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia. This disease, unknown prior to the appearance of mechanical ventilation, has produced a population of patients characterized by ventilator or oxygen dependence with serious accompanying pulmonary and neurodevelopmental morbidity. The purpose of this article is to review non-invasive respiratory support methodologies to address the physiologic mechanisms by which these methods may prevent the pathophysiologic effects of invasive mechanical ventilation. Pediatr Pulmonol.
The Implantable Pediatric Artificial Lung
Asaio Journal, 2015
An implantable pediatric artificial lung (PAL) may serve as a bridge to lung transplantation for children with end-stage lung failure (ESLF); however, an animal model of pediatric lung failure is needed to evaluate a PAL's efficacy before it can enter clinical trials. The objective of this study was to assess ligation of the right pulmonary artery (rPA) as a model for pediatric ESLF. Seven 20-30kg lambs underwent rPA ligation and were recovered and monitored for up to 4 days. Intraoperatively, rPA ligation significantly increased physiologic deadspace fraction (Vd/Vt: baseline=48.6±5.7%, rPA ligation=60.1±5.2%, p=0.012), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mP PA : baseline=17.4±2.2mmHg, rPA ligation=28.5±5.2mmHg, p<0.001), and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO 2 : baseline=40.4±9.3mmHg, rPA ligation=57.3±12.7mmHg, p=0.026). Of the 7 lambs, 3 were unable to be weaned from mechanical ventilation postoperatively, 3 were successfully weaned but suffered cardiorespiratory failure within 4 days, and 1 survived all 4 days. All 4 animals that were successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation had persistent pulmonary hypertension (mP PA =28.6±2.2mmHg) and remained tachypneic (respiratory rate=63±21min −1). Three of the 4 recovered lambs required supplemental oxygen. We conclude that rPA ligation creates the physiologic derangements commonly seen in pediatric end-stage lung failure and may be suitable for testing and implanting a PAL.