A Structural Analysis of the Particle hoor (original) (raw)

2011. Introduction: Affixes and bases. Word Structure 4.

Word Structure 4.2: 161-168, 2011

This special issue includes a selection of papers presented at the 2 nd Vienna Workshop on Affix Order held in Vienna, Austria on June 4-5, 2009. The workshop was in honor of Wolfgang U. Dressler on the occasion of his 70 th birthday. However, this special issue differs from the classical Festschrift dedicated to a renowned scholar and is 'more special' in two respects at least: 1) not all authors are Dressler's friends and colleagues, some of them are only indirectly related to him, through his students; and 2) since the papers were presented at a topic-oriented workshop, they are thematically uniform. In other words, this special issue is a kind of scientific genealogy in terms of affix ordering. Thus, the title Affixes and bases should be understood in two ways: literally -affixes and bases as linguistic notions, and metaphorically -affixes and bases as linguists related directly and indirectly to a prominent base: Wolfgang U. Dressler.

Aspects of the Theory of Syntax

The Modern Language Journal, 1967

§ 2.J. Syntactic features 75 § 2.J.I. The problem 75 § 2.J.2. Some formal similarities between syntax and phonology 79 § 2.J.J. General structure of the base component 84 § 2.J+ Context-sensitive subcategori%tJtion rules 90 § 3. AN ILLUSTRATIVE FRAGMENT OF THE BASE

Mathematical methods in linguistics

1990

CHAPTER 1. BASIC CONCEPTS OF SET THEORY 1.1. The concept of a set 1.2. Specification of sets 1.3. Set-theoretic identity and cardinality 1.4. Subsets 1.5. Power sets 1.6. Union and intersection 1.7. Difference and complement 1.8. Set-theoretic equalities Exercises CHAPTER 2: RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS 2.1. Ordered pairs and Cartesian products 2.2. Relations 2.3. Functions 2.4. Composition Exercises CHAPTER 3: PROPERTIES OF RELATIONS 3.1. Reflexivity, symmetry, transitivity, and connectedness 3.2. Diagrams of relations 3.3. Properties of inverses and complements 3.4. Equivalence relations and partitions 3.5. Orderings Exercises CHAPTER 4: INFINITIES 4.1. Equivalent sets and cardinality 4.2. Denumerability of sets 4.3. Nondenumerable sets 4.4 Infinite vs. unbounded Exercises 3 3 4 8 9 11 11 14 17 58 62 69 71 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS APPENDIX A: SET-THEORETIC RECONSTRUCTION OF NUMBER SYSTEMS

Information Structure and Peripheries in Zaar

This paper was motivated by an on-going frustration when approaching the study of information structure in Hausa and Zaar. I wanted to go beyond a few basic intuitions that date from my first work on Hausa (Caron 1987; Caron & Mohamadou 1999) and consequently placed much hope in the work I did as part of the CorpAfroas and Cortypo ANR projects initiated by Amina Mettouchi (Caron 2015; Caron et al. 2015), started dabbling in the study of intonation, but the frustration remained. Most of the literature available, most of the methodology went against my intuitions about the languages, and the annotation tools offered were mostly derived from very abstract and elaborate phonological theories that seemed to apply crude patterns derived from the study of English to languages that suffered much in the process. New perspective are offered by the concept of macrosyntax as developed by the Aix School (Blanche-Benveniste et al. 1990) and the ANR-Rhapsodie programme (Lacheret et al. 2014) to do a bottom-up study of IS through a detailed annotation of my corpus based on illocutionary units. This methodology comprises :  Full annotation of the corpus, including disfluencies, repetitions  Illocutionary (subsuming information) and syntactic structures.  Illocutionary units (macro-syntax) and Dependency units (micro-syntax) Two interesting features in this approach are : (i) the choice of the illocutionary unit as the basic information unit, operating at the level of macrosyntax (See also Cresti & Moneglia 2005); (ii) the concept of syntactic piles, which straddes illocutionary units and turns of speech. The macrosyntactic level describes the whole set of relations holding between all the segments that make up one and only one illocutionary act. Illocutionary units are made up of: nucleus (obligatory), pre-nuclei (optional) and post nuclei (optional): Pre-nucleus < Nucleus > Post-nucleus. Piles are the multiple realization of one and the same structural position, which occurs in continuous speech in various types of segments, especially syntactic disfluencies. In this paper we show how this approach can be implemented in a new a module of Elan- CorpA developed by Christian Chanard and Mourad Aouini (Chanard 2014a; 2014b). I started to use this module to exploit the Rhapsodie annotation system on my corpus in Elan. This is all very new and tentative, but encouraging enough to prompt me to present you with the method and preliminary results. This module is made of two tables. In the first table (called Groups), the annotator selects a set of annotations in any of the existing tiers, gives this group a name and a type that can be selected in a constrained vocabulary. These sets consist of a single or several annotations that can be selected from one or several tiers, and can be discontinuous. In the second table (called Links), the annotator creates links between two sets of annotations built on the same principle as groups. One set is called the source, and the other set is called the targets. The links created are given a name and a type in the same way as for groups. Either the source or the targets can be taken from the Groups table. In this case, the sets selected from the groups table can be viewed either by showing either the annotations in the tiers, or the types and names given to the groups in the groups table. Preliminary results are shown in the form of a typology of peripheries in Zaar information structure. The conclusion presents a hypothesis that has emerged from this typology, viz. in Zaar, the left periphery is dominant ; there are few clefts. The Zaar information system comes forth as based on a tri-partition : the pre-nucleus establishes the frame/ground/site around the speaker’s point of view; the nucleus states the action/opinion, etc. in relation to the site ; the post-neucleus seeks the hearer’s approval, reaction or comment