Almas K. The effect of Salvadora persica extract (Miswak) and chlorhexidine gluconate on human dentin: a SEM study. Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice (original) (raw)
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J Contemp Dent Pract, 2002
Bacterial plaque is solely responsible for the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. There are different mechanical and chemical methods available for the maintenance of oral health through plaque control. Toothbrushes and miswak (chewing sticks) are widely used for the mechanical removal of plaque. Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) is one of the best-proven anti-plaque agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of CHX and miswak extract on healthy and periodontally involved human dentin. Sixteen human premolars recently extracted for orthodontic and periodontal reasons were used in the study. Teeth were free from caries, cervical restorations, or erosions. The dentin disc specimens were prepared and half of them were etched with 6% citric acid for 120 sec. Both etched and unetched were further treated with CHX and 50% miswak extract and prepared for Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) examination. It was concluded that CHX 0.2% and miswak extract 50% had a similar effect on dentin in the control group. Miswak extract removed more smear layer as compared to CHX. Further research is needed in vivo to compare the effects of CHX and miswak extract on periodontally involved teeth and teeth with dentinal hypersensitivity.
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2010
Chewing sticks or Miswak are used for teeth cleaning in many parts of the world, these Miswaks are believed to contain chemical substances which inhibit plaque formation and gingivitis. In the present study, Salvadora persica (Miswak) was extracted with 60% ethanol and was examined for its toxic effect, assessed its antibacterial activity and evaluated clinically for its effect on dental plaque formation. A 4 day plaque regrowth, double-blind, crossover design was used in which 10 dental students volunteers were rendered plaque free (0.3), ceased tooth cleaning, then, asked to rinse twice daily for 1.5 min each time with 10 ml of chlorhexidine 0.2% mouth rinse and three times daily for 1.5 min each time with 10 ml of S. persica 10% solution and placebo mouth rinse. On day five, plaque was scored by the plaque index system (PLI). A wash out period of 2 days was allowed in which the volunteers returned to self-performed plaque control, then a new test period was initiated. Statistical analysis showed that the mean PLI score were 1.48 for S. persica mouth rinse, 0.48 for chlorhexidine and 2.07 for placebo mouth rinse. Acute toxicity test revealed no mortality among the experimental animals which is an indication that S. persica crude extract solution is well tolerated, disk diffusion test showed a marked antibacterial effect in vitro and this effect is concentration dependent, had an effect in in vivo, but this effect cannot be considered absolute.
Lancet, 2011
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Salvadora persica shrub has been used traditionally in folk medicine for different medical condition treatments. The habitual use of Salvadora persica roots (chewing sticks) for dental hygiene is still wildly spread throughout parts of Asia, Africa, and Middle. It is one of the most important species with its reported strong antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects. Mechanical removal of dental plaque is regarded as an effective mean of controlling progression of periodontal disease. Aim of the study: To evaluate the effect of active and inactive miswak on dental plaque, subgingival microbiota and gingival inflammation in patients with gingivitis. Materials and methods: In this double blinded randomized controlled trial 68 gingivitis patients were randomly assigned to either active or inactive miswak group, and were instructed to use only issued miswaks for oral hygiene during 3 weeks experimental period. Registration of plaque, gingival inflammation, and plaque samples were taken at baseline and on completion of the study. Plaque samples were analyzed by DNA-DNA hybridization technique. Results: Active miswak significantly reduced dental plaque (p = 0.007). There were no differences between active and inactive miswak in reduction of approximal plaque and composition of subgingival microbiota. Conclusions: Miswak has an overall effect on dental plaque and gingival inflammation scores. Similar results were achieved by active and inactive miswak in difficult to reach areas, indicating miswak has limited chemical effects on this study population. Therefore, miswak can be used as a dental hygiene method in conjunction with interproximal cleaning aides.
Journal of Dental Sciences, 2020
Background/purpose: Root dentin is vulnerable to acid attack, suggesting a higher risk of demineralization than coronal enamel. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Miswak extract on collagen degradation of demineralized dentin lesion. Materials and methods: Demineralized bovine root dentin specimens were treated for 1 h by 20% Miswak extract and 0.12% Chlorehexidine (CHX) as a positive control group, and then subjected to collagenolytic attack (clostridium histolyticum 0.5 CDU/mL, 16 h). These cyclic treatments were repeated for 3 days. After the cyclic treatment, the images of the specimens were captured with a light microscope and the lesion depth of degraded collagen layer of all specimens was measured. The mean lesion depth was calculated and compared between the groups using descriptive and One-way ANOVA followed by Post hoc Tukey's tests. Significant level was set at p < 0.05. Results: The mean lesion depth of CHX (28.6 AE 3.37 mm) had the least value, followed by Miswak (37.5 AE 4.01 mm) then the control (78.4 AE 18.43 mm) group. There was a significant difference in the mean lesion depth among the three groups (p Z 0.000).
2021
ental plaque, particularly its supra-gingival deposits has an established etiology for different periopathies.1 Increasing global trends of oral diseases has now imposed the use of both the mechanical and chemical plaque controlling therapies.2 The mechanical oral cleansing practices involve toothbrushes with dentifrices, however, chewing sticks or miswak has now proven its significant competence against effective plaque removal and gingival health.3-8 Miswak is now in its recompensing phase. Laboratory examinations have established that many favorable natural ingredients are present in almost all types of miswak sticks which provide both systemic and local oral curative effects. It has been reviewed that miswak particularly contains ascorbic and tannic acids which have verified effectiveness in healing inflamed and bleeding gums. Trimethylamine generate stimulatory effect on gingiva and Fluoride (1.0ug/ml) have a recognized dental hard tissue 1. Assistant Professor, Department of C...
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Salvadora persica is a tree that belongs to the salvadorecea family. It is also known as Miswak, which is a popular natural toothbrush that was used centuries ago in oral hygiene by Muslims in all parts of the world, especially in the Middle East. Numerous researchers highlighted the biological activity of this plant in medicine, dentistry, and pharmacology. The purpose of this article is to narratively review the biological properties of Salvadora persica. In addition, it expresses variant applications of this herb in different dental specialties. Materials and Methods. The search of the literature was based on PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar using keywords: Salvadora persica, S. persica, Miswak, Dentistry, and Dental. All relevant articles were reviewed to check if they would fit within the scope of this review, and then, the information was extracted. Results. Multiple biological effects of S. persica have been reported including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antibiof...
Valuable Dental Materials from Salvadora Persica Plants
Medico Legal Update , 2021
Due to their popular uses, Salvadora persica (Miswak) plant possesses several bioactive effects and it is important to focus on their valuable effectiveness, especially on dental and oral health. The present review deals with many sections to obtain suitable knowledge about miswak such as chemical compositions, bioactivity, partitioning of active materials, method of obtaining miswak extract and the potent of this plant on dental and oral health according to their antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antiphlogistic, antimycotic, anticarcinogenic, anticandidal, anti-inflammatory and anti-plaque properties.
2021
Madiha Riasat1, Sohaib Hassan2, Afaq Farooq3, khaula Gul4, Kamran Alam5, Sofia Shehzad6 1Department of Periodontology, KMU-Institute of Dental Sciences, Kohat Pakistan 2Department of Orthodontics, Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan Pakistan 3Department of Periodontology, Sardar Begum dental College, Peshawar Pakistan 4Department of Periodontology Rehman College of Dentistry, Peshawar Pakistan 5Institute of Public Health & Social Sciences, KMU, Peshawar Pakistan 6Department of Community Dentistry, Sardar Begum Dental College, Peshawar Pakistan ABSTRACT Objectives: To clinically evaluate the efficacy of chewing stick as alternative to tooth brushing for plaque removal in subject with clinically healthy gingival status.
Crimson Publishers, 10
Background: Various oral health measures have been applied throughout the world. The most common way is to use a toothbrush and toothpaste. However, the traditional way of using chewing sticks is found in several parts of the world. Chewing sticks have a mechanical cleansing action similar to a toothbrush in addition to their antimicrobial effect. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Salvadora persica (Miswak) products on oral microbial flora (bacteria and fungi) in comparison with toothbrushes and toothpaste. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 randomly selected participants, during the period from March to August 2021. An oral rinses sample was collected at 2-time intervals: Samples were collected before use and after one week of use from two groups (a group used Miswak and group using ordinary toothpaste). The samples were immediately processed for microbiological phenotypic conventional methods and in vitro susceptibility testing of the microbial isolates to antimicrobial. Result: The organisms isolated from Miswak group, toothbrush and toothpaste group were identified. Among the bacterial isolates, Streptococci mutans was the most isolates 16 (53.33%) from Miswak group, and in 17 (56.67%) of toothbrush & toothpaste group, followed by Lactobacillus 12 (54%) in Miswak group and 10 (33.33%) toothbrush & toothpaste group. Staphylococci aureus was found in Miswak group 2 6.67%) and 3 10%) toothbrush & toothpaste groups respectively. Candida isolates was manly C. albicans 11 (36.67%) from Miswak group, and in 12 (40%) of toothbrush & toothpaste group, the second isolate was C. dubliniensis 2 (6.687%) Miswak group, and in 6 (20%) toothbrush & toothpaste followed by C. glabrata 1(3.33%) from Miswak group. Conclusion: Miswak has a significant reduction effect on both bacteria, candida immediately and after a week of use.
Role of Salvadora persica chewing stick (miswak): A natural toothbrush for holistic oral health
European Journal of Dentistry, 2016
ABSTRACTFrom an ancient tool to a modern way of improving oral health, miswak (chewing stick) has proven to be an effective tool for oral health. The miswak removes the bacterial plaque by mechanical and chemical actions. It provides a cheap and easily accessible way of improving oral health of the individuals and populations. The use of miswak was promoted centuries ago by Prophet Muhammad (Peace be Upon Him). In the modern era, the beneficial role of using miswak such as antiseptic, antimicrobial, anticariogenic and analgesic effects have been proven scientifically. This article reviews the various oral health benefits of miswak in the light of religious, scientific and social evidences.