Spectrum and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) in a Tertiary Care Hospital (original) (raw)
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Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2023
Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance has become an alarming issue all over the world. Moreover, in the developing countries as well as in Bangladesh facing this badly due to lack of study. Antibiotic resistance is prevalent among the bacterial pathogens causing urinary tract infections. Urinary tract infections affect >30% of people around the world. Worldwide, about 150 million people experience urinary tract infections each year. Antimicrobial treatment is often prescribed 'empirically' without antibiotic susceptibility testing to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs). The prevalence of antibiotic resistance is worsening, probably because of the increasing number of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains and the indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and empirical treatment. This study aims to determine the frequency and antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria from suspected UTIs in Bangladeshi patients. In our study, about 200 samples of positive UTIs patients were analyzed with several parameters to see the antibiotic resistance rate. After examining the patient's sample of UTIs antibiotic resistance rate is alarming and the most causative bacteria is Escherichia coli which is about 61.8%. Among the 200-urine sample suspected UTI patients 66% and 30% are female and male, respectively. Empirical therapy should be guided to control the antibiotic resistance. Especially, developing country should accept the challenge with proper infrastructure to get the surveillance of resistance, as resistance varies from region to region. Appropriate antibiotics should be focused for the rational use of antibiotics to prevent antibiotics resistance through common infections.
Antibiotic resistance pattern of urinary isolates in a Rural Medical College of Maharashtra
IP Innovative Publication Pvt.Ltd, 2017
Objective: To determine resistance pattern of urinary isolates in a rural medical college of Maharashtra. Methods: Urine samples were collected using midstream clean catch method in clinically diagnosed UTI cases from august 2016 to February 2017. A total of 320 samples were analyzed under supervision of qualified microbiologist. Antibiotic sensitivity of isolated microorganisms were tested for commonly used antibiotics by Kirby bauer technique. Results: Out of 320 samples 200 were positive. The pathogens isolated were E.coli 60 (30%), Pseudomonas 45 (22.5%), Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus 35 (17.5%) & Klebsiella 30 (15%). E.coli being the most common isolate. The isolates showed high degree resistance for Amoxycillin & Cotrimoxazole. Conclusion: 62.5% of samples showed significant growth. Moderate yield suggest moderate clinical correlations in suspected cases of UTI. E.coli showed low level resistance to Nitrofurantoin (1.67%), Amikacin (3.34%), Norfloxacin (13.3%) & high degree resistance to Cotrimoxazole (63.34%), Piperacillin + Tazobactam (50%), fluoroquinolones (27.04%). It's very clear from the study E.coli is the MOC infecting uropathogen & developing resistance against the commonly used antibiotics.
Analyzing antibiotic susceptibility pattern of uropathogens help to overcome the therapeutic difficulties created by the rising antimicrobial resistant bacteria and guides in choosing appropriate antibiotics. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of various bacterial isolates and to understand the susceptibility patterns of the uropathogens. Midstream urine samples were collected, cultured and subjected to microscopical and appropriate biochemical tests for proper identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out by disc diffusion technique using Muller Hinton Agar as culture media. The prevalence of urinary tract infection was 25.91%. It was more prevalent in woman than men (68% vs. 32%). The most common isolated uropathogens were Escherichia coli (82.6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.6%). Other bacterial species, named Morganella morganii, Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, were also found in patients with urinary tract infection, although they were least frequent. High level of sensitivity was found to imipenem, nitrofurantoin, meropenem, ceftazidime, netilmicin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol and amikacin in most of the isolates. Most of the bacterial isolates showed a higher percentage of resistance against amoxicillin, cefradine, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ceftriaxone, co-trimoxazole and nalidixic acid. Multiple antibiotic resistance indexes suggested that almost all the test organisms exhibited multiple antibiotic resistances. The high multiple antibiotics resistance identified makes it necessary for antibiotic susceptibility testing to be conducted prior to antibiotic(s) prescription.
Khwaja Yunus Ali University Journal, 2022
The objective of the cross-sectional study was to culture urine samples from patients with UTIs and The crosssectional study aimed to identify the most common bacterial pathogens that cause urinary tract infections and the drug susceptibility patterns of those isolates. A 671 of fresh morning midstream urine samples were examined microscopically and cultured on Chromogenic UTI agar, Blood agar and MacConkey agar to isolate the pathogens. Isolated pathogens were identified through colony morphology, microscopic studies, and biochemical indications. Finally, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined by Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI, 2018). Ninety-seven urine samples out of 671 samples yielded a positive culture. Most of the bacteria among all isolates were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which accounted for 62.9% and 25.7% respectively and others 11.4% of urinary pathogens namely Pseudomonas spp. (5.2%), Enterococcus spp. (4.1%), and Proteus spp. (2.1%). Female patients were more likely to be isolated (72.16%) than male patients (27.84%). The fourth generation Carbapenems antibiotics of Imipenem and Meropenem were more effective to in all bacterial pathogens. The β-lactam antibiotic of Amoxycillin and cephalosporin antibiotic of Cefixime were showed highly resistant to both of Gram positive and Gram negative uropathogens. Complicated urinary tract infections and antimicrobial resistance pose a significant threat to treating this infection. Therefore, using antimicrobial agents properly and developing public awareness can reduce the issue of antimicrobial resistance.
Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Bacteria Responsible for Urinary Tract Infection ( Uti ) *
2018
The urinary tract infection is most commonly caused by gram-negative bacilli in the family Enterobacteriaceae and usually belongs to genera Escherichia, Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Pseudomonas. The study was aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacteria responsible for urinary tract infection (UTI). A total of 50 samples were collected from UTI patients attending urology clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano for period of 6 month from December 2016 to May, 2017. Each of each urine sample was streaked using a sterilized platinum wire loop onto the surface of freshly prepared MacConkey and Nutrient agar plates for isolation and the isolates were identified using laboratory methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The result indicated that Escherichia coli are the most prevalent organism with total 47 occurrences accounting for 24.23%, followed by Staphylococcus aureus with total of 39 isola...
Community-acquired Urinary Tract Infection (CA-UTI) is a very common condition and often treated by empirical antibiotic therapy. This has led to the problem of drug resistance in the community pathogens. As information on profile and antibiotic resistance, especially from rural areas is very hard to come by, this study was carried out on adult CA-UTI subjects presenting in a rural tertiary care teaching hospital of lower Assam. Outdoor patients were included and urine samples were tested by standard microbiological methods. Isolated organisms were processed for antibiotic susceptibility and MIC (selected cases). Out of 1436 samples 27.1% was found to have significant bacteriuria by single agents with more infection in female than in male. E coli was the predominant agent (62.2%) followed by Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CONS) at 11.8%, Klebsiella (11.3%) and Entercocci (6.3%). High prevalence of drug resistance amongst the isolates was observed, especially against common agent of empirical treatments like Ciprofloxacin, Amoxycalv etc. MIC level of Ciprofloxacin in E coli seemed to be rising and in few cases, level has reached beyond 32mcg/ml. This is alarming for a community pathogen from a rural area. Urgent necessity for an evidence based antibiotic policy cannot be ruled out.
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 2007
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain the common infections diagnosed in outpatients as well as hospitalized patients. Current knowledge on antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is essential for appropriate therapy. Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria may not be detected by routine disk diffusion susceptibility test, leading to inappropriate use of antibiotics and treatment failure. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial strains isolated from patients with community acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) at Aligarh hospital in India as well as identification of ESBL producers in the population of different uropathogens.
Northern International Medical College journal, 2017
Background : Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial disease in infant and childhood period that can present as symptomatic or asymptomatic way.Antibiotic resistance of urinary tract pathogens has been known to increase worldwide, especially to commonly used antimicrobials. Knowledge of pathogens causing UTI and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in a specific geographical location may help clinicians in choosing the appropriate antimicrobial agent. Objective : The objective of this study was to find out the pathogens in pediatric UTI and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Methods : A cross sectional study was done at Dhaka shishu Hospital during the period of Feb 2016 to Aug 2016. A total of 147 culture positive UTI patient were taken for analysis. Colony counts of these samples, were identified, and the profile of antibiotic susceptibility was identified. Here, samples with a colony count of 105 CFU/mL bacteria were considered positive.Twelve (12) antimicrobial agent were used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Result : Among 147 culture positive UTI patients Escherichia coli (E-coli) was found as the most prevalent 103(70%) followed by Klebsiella spp. 13.6%, Enterobacterspp 3.40%, Pseudomonas 5.44%, Staphylococcus Aureus 3.40%, Enterococcus 1.36% and Proteus 2.72%. The most effective drugs found against urinary isolates was Imepenum (97.27%), followed by Colistin (94.55%), Meropenum (93.87%) and Amikacin (91.83%). E.coli was moderately sensitive to Ceftraxone, Ceftazidime, Nitrofurantoin and Ciprofloxacin. In this study, Imipenum, Meropenum, Amikacin and Colistin shown to be the most sensitive antibiotics for the UTI pathogen. Antimicrobial drug resistance is increasing among urinary pathogens. Therefore, empirical antibiotic selection should be based on knowledge of the local prevalence of bacterial organism and their antibiotic susceptibility in a specific area rather than on universal or even national guidelines.
International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 2019
Background: To determine the trends in emergence of antibiotic resistance and sensitivity pattern and different types of organisms causing urinary tract infections. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at tertiary care hospitals of Salem district, Tamil Nadu, during November 2017-Apri 2018 and consisted of 600 patients of either gender between ages of 01-80 years. Results: Out of 600 adults, males were 309 (51 %) and females were 291 (49 %). E. coli (48.68 %) was the most common organism, followed by Klebsiella oxytoca (12.67 %), Enterococcus species (10.67 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae. The incidence of UTI was more in patients in the age group of 01-15years. E. coli and Klebsiella oxytoca were sensitive to Amikacin, Ampicillin, and Ciprofloxacin. All these organisms were resistant to Ceftriaxone. Conclusions: In this study, males were mostly affected and the most common organisms were E.Coli and Klebsiella oxytoca. These organisms were most sensitive to Amikacin, Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Imipenem and resistant predominantly to Ceftriaxone. The sensitivity and resistance pattern of uropathogens to common antimicrobial agents must be taken into account when selecting treatment plans for UTI.
IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd, 2017
Introduction: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections seen in humans and major cause of morbidity. The causative agents for urinary tract infection vary from place to place and they also vary in their sensitivity and resistance pattern with the widespread availability of antimicrobial drugs. UTI is difficult to treat because of appearance of pathogens with increasing resistant pattern to antimicrobial drugs. Aim: This study is carried out to know the bacteriological profile and its antibiotics sensitivity pattern in patients with UTI at tertiary care hospital, Valsad. Materials and Method: Total 771 mid-stream urine samples were collected from suspected UTI patients. They were tested for bacterial culture and all Culture positive samples were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of total 771 samples, isolates were detected in 302(39.16%) samples. Incidence of infection was more common in females (55%) as compared to males (45%). Escherichia coli (36.75%) was the most common pathogens followed by Kleseilla spp. (18.21%), Gram positive organisms (16.22%), Pseudomonas spp. (12.25%) and Candida spp.(8.60%). Isolated pathogenic organism shows high resistance to commonly use antibiotic and sensitive to higher generation of fluroquinolones and carbapenemase. Conclusion: In this study, females were mostly affected and most common organisms were E.coli and Klebseilla. The commonly isolated pathogens have been changing and increasing resistance pattern is observed due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics and alerting us to update effective empirical treatment regularly.