Dynamika formantovej štrukt´ury sonantického jadra slabiky (original) (raw)

Govor, 1997

Abstract

The study investigates the variation dispersion of frequency (resonant) peaks, the maximum of the sound spectre, the intensification of the groups of harmonic signal components or formants (Isacenko 1968, p.38, Kral', Sabol 1989, p. 171) of Slovakian short vowels (on the study of Czech vocalic variants in the initial, medial and final sound combination cf. Borovickova, Malac 1967, pp. 13-29). Our observations theoretically touch on the extent of the phonological relevance of sound characteristics contained in the signal correlatives of vocalic phonemes of a particular phonic system. At a more general level the paper deals with the particular, the variant and the general, the invariant (as a relation which is commonly applied in the linguistic system) and its "manifestation" in the phonological units. These issues may be narrowed down to a phonetic and phonological aspect (namely, we distinguish not only I., phonetic and II., the phonological degree of abstractness but also some other kind of relationship between the particular and the general in the sound units) of research and evaluation of sound phenomena as the different levels of the dialectical relationship which is manifested in language as a specific system of signs for the idealization of the real world. On the basis of the relationship of the particular and general in the sound units (at the different "levels " of this relationship, particularly at the level of a phone - F, phoneme - Fm and morphophoneme - MFm cf. Sabol 1989, pp. 18-31) it might unambiguously explain and characterize individual phonological theories, conceptions and schools; for example, the Prague School works along the line Fm, the Moscow phonological school along the line F and MFm, the Petrograd phonological school along the line F and partly Fm, the American followers of generative grammar along the line MFm. It might be claimed that it is a question of "partial" aspects and views on particular "kinds" of relationships between particular and general in the sound units. Let us assume that different "incompatibilities" of particular phonological conceptions have derived from the fact that the same sound phenomenon was interpreted from different aspects with regard to F, Fm and MFm with elements from different levels being opposed or positioned one along the other "equally" from the point of view of particular and general. The incompatibility within one phonological conception is the result of the fact that particular sound phenomena were not studied at the same level (cf. the problem ofn eutralization which is probably the most difficult to solve in the phonological research and which at the same time marks the point where the plausibility of a particular phonological conception can best be testified; see Sabol 1983 for more elaborated data). In the experimental phonetic and phonological testing (based on the variant and the invariant, relevance and irrelevance of the phonic features in the acoustic signal) an attempt was made first of all to answer the question about the impact of timbre of vowels on the dynamics of F1 and F2 (in vowels i, e and F3) by using elements of the subsystem of short Slovakian vowels. Three male subjects were recorded on tape producing 30 realizations of vowels in the combination CVC and these were analyzed (six words for each analyzed vowel). Table 1 shows that standard deviation (and consequently dispersion) of the formant values is higher in formants F2 and F3 than in Fl. The question might be posed as to the field of tolerance or allowed range of formants responsible for the vowel (type) timbre. To answer the question an artificial deformation of formants was performed by a resynthesis of the primary speech signal with different experimental values of F1, F2 and F3. By using resynthesis the tolerance of formants Fl and F2 was reduced (in vowels i and e also F3) of the vowel [a] in the word [pas] of the first subject).

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