Brief Survey on Three-Dimensional Displays : from Our Eyes to Electronic Hologram (original) (raw)

Brief Survey on Three-Dimensional Displays (2001)

In this paper, a brief survey on three-dimensional display technologies is reported. The survey starts from the basic consideration on how a human visual system can perceive depth, as the missing dimensional component, from two-dimensional planar images. As these visual depth cues have been identified, efforts are directed to construct displays that are able accommodate as many cues as possible. Numerous displays have been built in this respect, however, only two are presented in this paper: lenticular sheet and parallax barrier. This approach, however, does not comprehensively solve the problem since these apparatus can not reproduce the original object wavefront that contains phase of the wave within which the information object’s spatial location is embodied. Holography, conceived for the first time in 1948, is able to fulfill this necessity, and it is the main reason up to now holography remains considered as the only true three dimensional display. The remaining part of this paper is subjected to discussion on holography. Discussions will be structured chronologically and will cover both progresses in both recording and displaying media, well as the development in techniques whose long-time goal is to produce a real time holographic display (note: the paper is based on the literature survey conducted on 2001)

Studying the Recent Improvements in Holograms for Three-Dimensional Display

Displayers tend to becomethree-dimensional.Themost advantage of holographic 3D displays is the possibility to observe 3Dimages without using glasses. The quality of created images by this method has surprised everyone. In this paper, the experimental steps of making a transmission hologram have been mentioned. In what follows, current advances of this science-art will be discussed. The aim of this paper is to study the recent improvements in creating three-dimensional images and videos by means of holographic techniques. In the last section we discuss the potentials of holography to be applied in future.

3D displays: toward holographic video displays of 3D images

Chinese Optics Letters, 2013

As the flat panel displays (Liquid Crystal Displays, AMOLED, etc.) reach near perfection in their viewing qualities and display areas, it is natural to seek the next level of displays, including 3D displays. There is a strong surge in 3D liquid crystal displays as a result of the successful movie Avatar. Most of these 3D displays involve the employment of special glasses that allow one view perspective for each of the eyes to achieve a depth perception. Such displays are not real 3D displays. In fact, these displays can only provide one viewing perspective for all viewers, regardless of the viewer's position. In addition, a fundamental viewing problem of focusing and accommodation exist that can lead to discomfort and fatigue for many viewers. In this paper, the authors review the current status of stereoscopic 3D displays and their problems. The authors will also discuss the possibility of using flat panels for the display of both phase and intensity of video image information, leading to the ultimate display of 3D holographic video images. Many of the fundamental issues and limitations will be presented and discussed.

Three-dimensional display technologies of recent interest: principles, status, and issues [Invited]

Applied Optics, 2011

Recent trends in three-dimensional (3D) display technologies are very interesting in that both oldfashioned and up-to-date technologies are being actively investigated together. The release of the first commercially successful 3D display product raised new research topics in stereoscopic display. Autostereoscopic display renders a ray field of a 3D image, whereas holography replicates a wave field of it. Many investigations have been conducted on the next candidates for commercial products to resolve existing limitations. Up-to-date see-through 3D display is a concept close to the ultimate goal of presenting seamless virtual images. Although it is still far from practical use, many efforts have been made to resolve issues such as occlusion problems.

Three-dimensional display technologies in wave and ray optics: a review (Invited Paper)

Chinese Optics Letters, 2014

Multiple three-dimensional (3D) display technologies are reviewed. The display mechanisms discussed in this paper are classified into two categories: holographic display in wave optics and light field display in ray optics, which present the 3D optical wave field in two different ways. Key technical characteristics of the optical systems and the depth cues of human visual system are analyzed. It is to be expected that these 3D display technologies will achieve practical applications with the increase of the optical system bandwidth.

An updatable holographic three-dimensional display

Nature, 2008

Holographic three-dimensional (3D) displays 1,2 provide realistic images without the need for special eyewear, making them valuable tools for applications that require situational awareness, such as medical, industrial and military imaging. Currently commercially available holographic 3D displays 3 use photopolymers that lack image-updating capability, resulting in restricted use and high cost. Photorefractive polymers 4-9 are dynamic holographic recording materials that allow updating of images and have a wide range of applications, including optical correlation 10 , imaging through scattering media 11 and optical communication . To be suitable for 3D displays, photorefractive polymers need to have nearly 100% diffraction efficiency, fast writing time, hours of image persistence, rapid erasure, and large area-a combination of properties that has not been shown before. Here, we report an updatable holographic 3D display based on photorefractive polymers with such properties, capable of recording and displaying new images every few minutes. This is the largest photorefractive 3D display to date (4 3 4 inches in size); it can be recorded within a few minutes, viewed for several hours without the need for refreshing, and can be completely erased and updated with new images when desired.

Electronic Tabletop Holographic Display: Design, Implementation, and Evaluation

Applied Sciences, 2019

Most of the previously-tried prototype systems of digital holographic display are of front viewing flat panel-type systems having narrow viewing angle, which do not meet expectations towards holographic displays having more volumetric and realistic 3-dimensional image rendering capability. We have developed a tabletop holographic display system which is capable of 360° rendering of volumetric color hologram moving image, looking much like a real object. Multiple viewers around the display can see the image and perceive very natural binocular as well as motion parallax. We have previously published implementation details of a mono color version of the system, which was the first prototype. In this work, we present requirements, design methods, and the implementation result of a full parallax color tabletop holographic display system, with some recapitulation of motivation and a high-level design concept. We also address the important issue of performance measure and evaluation of a h...

Three-dimensional display system using near on-axis, phase-only digital holography

We propose a method for carrying out three-dimensional (3D) display based on single-shot digital holography. The 3D display is realized from a digital hologram (DH) by displaying the complex function recovered through the constrained optimization approach on a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM). A DH of a multiplane object is recorded in a near on-axis configuration, and the complex function corresponding to the object in the hologram plane is recovered. The recovered function is converted into a phase-only function, and it is displayed on a phase SLM. The optical reconstruction through simple diffraction from the SLM reproduced the 3D scene, and the image reconstructed at each plane has been observed.