Wives' work and psychological well-being: An extension of Gove's social role theory of depression (original) (raw)
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Journal of community & applied social psychology, 1997
This study examines the relationship between the distribution of labour at home and employed women's psychological distress. The distribution of labour at home is measured by wives' estimates of their own and their husbands' time spent doing housework. It is hypothesized that what is more important to women's well-being is their estimates of their husbands' time spent doing housework rather than their own time. It is further hypothesized that one pathway in which wives' estimates of husbands' time spent doing housework influences their well-being is through perceptions of support. In a sample of 153 employed married women, using regression analyses, results are consistent with the predictions made. First, wives' estimates of their husbands' time spent doing housework is a better predictor of their well-being than their estimates of their own time spent. Second, support acts as a partial mediator in this relationship. These findings are discussed with respect to recent work in the area.
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This study investigates the role of work conditions in mediating the effect of employment status on married women's psychological well-being. Employed wives and full-time homemakers are compared on characteristics of their daily work activities and the consequences of these work conditions for psychological well-being. Using data from a national survey of employed wives and homemakers, I find that full-time housework involves more autonomy, more interruptions, greater physical effort, more routine, fewer time pressures, and less responsibility for matters outside one's control than paid work. Differences in work activities between employed wives and homemakers also have direct implications for well-being. Two of the dimensions examined-the extent to which the worker is responsible for things outside her control, and the amount of routine entailed-are associated with greater depressive symptoms among women, regardless of work status. It appears that, as compared to employed wives, full-time homemakers benefit from having less responsibility for things outside their control. Employed wives appear to benefit from having less routinized work than homemakers. As a result of the different configurations of their work characteristics, employed wives and homemakers experience on average similar levels of depressive symptoms.
Dual Responsibility: A Contributing Factor to Psychological Ill-being in Married Working Women
The aim of present paper was to examine the psychological ill-being in married working women as a consequence of dual responsibility they pay at home and workplace. A sample of about fifty (N=50) married working women was compared with fifty (N=50) married non-working women. The entire sample was taken from general population. Data was gathered using , Anger and Hostility, subscales of Aggression Questionnaire (AQ). Obtained data was statistically analyzed by computing frequencies, percentages and independent t-test. Independent t-test, show that married working women significantly reported more somatic complaints (t= 2.00, df = 98, p< .048), social dysfunction (t= 2.31, df = 98, p<.023), anger (t = 2.10, df = 98, p < .038) and hostility (t=2.27, df = 98, p <.025) than non-working married women. However, working and non-working married women did not significantly differ on the variables of insomnia (t= .773, df = 98, p < .441) and depression (t = .709, df = 98, p < .375). Paying dual responsibility at home and workplace is quit hectic causing psychological problems among married working women.
Work and family roles in relation to women's well-being
1993
Previous research on women has focused on the influence of the overall workor familyrole experiences rather than on the specific characteristics of each role. Using multidimensional measures of work-and family-role experiences, this study first examined (Time 1) the additive cumulative contributions of role experiences in the prediction of women's well-being (happiness and symptoms of psychological distress). While work overload significantly predicted distress at Time 2, none of the family-role variables were related to well-being. Second, as the sample was made up of two groups of women who differed in occupational status (secretaries and professional women), it was possible that the effects of overload on distress might be conditioned by occupational status. The group X overload interaction term was found to be highly significant Cp < .007); high occupational status moderated the negative effects of work overload. By contrast, secretaries were adversely affected by work overload. These results are discussed in relation to the existing literature, with reference to women's work and family roles in relation to well-being, and the effects of occupational status on health outcomes.
Multiple roles of working women and psychological well-being
Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 2017
Background: Today, women's roles are emerging differently with new commitment and career oriented as well as commitment to families. So, this in turn leads to a number of stress and strain among working women. Aims and Objectives: The aim and objective of this study was to elucidate the work-family conflict on psychological well-being experienced by working women and to determine whether social support has beneficial role in the psychological well-being of the working women. Materials and Methods: Eighty-two women working in different professions from dual-earner family and 82 homemakers from traditional single-earner family were included in the study and assessed on the following: (1) Postgraduate Institute (PGI) Health Questionnaire and (2) PGI Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ) for the assessment of well-being and social support, respectively, and data were analyzed. Results: Working women scored lower on PGI Health Questionnaire than homemakers, which was statistically highly significant, indicating that working women had higher psychological well-being than homemakers or nonworking women. On the assessment of PGI and SSQ, scores revealed that women in dual-earner families perceived lower social support as compared to those of single-earner families. Conclusion: Employed women are more satisfied with their life than nonworking women, and the quality of home and work environments determines the impact of employment on the psychological well-being of working women in dual-earner families.
Wives' Employment Status and Marital Adjustment: Yet Another Look
Psychology of Women Quarterly, 1978
The effects of wives' employment status on wives' and husbands' evaluations of their own marital adjustment are examined in two recent national surveys. Working wives whose husbands also work report having wished they had married someone else and having thought of divorce significantly more often than housewives, but do not score significantly lower on ratings of marital satisfaction or marital happiness, or on four other specific components of marital adjustment. Wives' employment status does not significantly affect husbands' reports of marital adjustment. The negative effects of wives' employment on wives' reports of marital adjustment are then found to be restricted specifically to mothers of preschool children, and to wives with less than a high school diploma. N o empirical support emerges for two major hypotheses to account for the negative effects of wives' employment on wives' marital adjustment in these two subgroups, one hypothesis concerning wives' role load and the second concerning. wives' and husbands' attitudes toward wives' employment. There is some evidence, however, that these factors are moderators of the negative effects of wives' employment on This research was supported i n part by Grant No.
Depressive symptoms among women employed outside the home
American Journal of Community Psychology, 1985
Researchers who attempt to explain why paid employment is a source of psychological distress for some women must consider how a number o f factors in the work and nonoccupational environments influence a woman's reaction to employment outside the home. We examined four aspects of the job that may be a source of distress for working women: job dissatisfaction, pay dissatisfaction, commitment to the work role, and full versus part-time employment. Of these, pay dissatisfaction and commitment to the work role emerged as significant predictors of depressive symptoms. With regard to home-related roles, neither help with housework nor the presence of young children in the home exerted a significant direct effect on psychological distress. Young children at home did, however, have a significant interaction effect with a woman's sex role beliefs. Finally, the presence of a conflict between the work and home roles was also a significant predictor of depression. As the proportion of women entering the labor force continues to grow (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1979), social scientists have shown an increasing interest in examining whether paid employment influences the psychological / well-being of women who work outside the home (see Haw, 1982, for a review
Work and family roles in relation to women's well-being: A longitudinal study
British Journal of Social Psychology, 1995
Previous research on women has focused on the influence of the overall workor familyrole experiences rather than on the specific characteristics of each role. Using multidimensional measures of work-and family-role experiences, this study first examined (Time 1) the additive cumulative contributions of role experiences in the prediction of women's well-being (happiness and symptoms of psychological distress). While work overload significantly predicted distress at Time 2, none of the family-role variables were related to well-being. Second, as the sample was made up of two groups of women who differed in occupational status (secretaries and professional women), it was possible that the effects of overload on distress might be conditioned by occupational status. The group X overload interaction term was found to be highly significant Cp < .007); high occupational status moderated the negative effects of work overload. By contrast, secretaries were adversely affected by work overload. These results are discussed in relation to the existing literature, with reference to women's work and family roles in relation to well-being, and the effects of occupational status on health outcomes.
Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences, 2016
This study was carried out to explore the level of depression among married women. Additionally, the role of employment status, academic qualification, marital satisfaction and psychological well-being on depression was examined. Depression, marital satisfaction and psychological well-being of 200 married women were assessed. Results showed 15% of the study participants scored above the cutoff point of depression and are at the risk of depression. Employment and academic status, marital satisfaction and psychological wellbeing (GHQ-28) jointly accounted for 56.2% variability in the depression with psychological well-being (β = 0.515, p < 0.001) and marital satisfaction (β =-0.276, p < 0.001) appeared as the most influential predictors. Lower education and unemployment also associated with the higher level of depression. The model indicated if a married woman with poorer psychological well-being, lower marital satisfaction and lower educational qualification is unemployed, she is more likely to be diagnosed as depressed. Implications and future direction are discussed.