Türkiye’de Tarımda İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Düzenlemelerinin Hayvan Yetiştiriciliği ve Veteriner Hekimliği Açısından Değerlendirilmesi (original) (raw)
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Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 2020
Agriculture is the second largest source of employment following the service sector in the whole world, and it is among the most dangerous sectors concerning diseases and premature death. Majority of the families working in the agriculture sector also deal with livestock raising (cattle, sheep and goat farming) or they live in the areas with a high possibility of contact with animals. There are various problems since the occupational health and safety services do not cover the ones working on their own behalf and due to problems in the delivery of health services appropriate for the rural areas. Veterinary physicians, who play an important role in animal health, public health, and environment, have also important tasks in the implementations of occupational health and safety in livestock raising in agriculture sector. The material of this study was comprised of national and international regulations concerning occupational health and safety. The implementations of regulations of the International Labor Organization (ILO) were evaluated in terms of livestock raising and veterinary medicine. As the conclusion, in Turkey, it was determined that the regulations about occupational health and safety in agriculture did not involve the veterinary physicians concerning both safety practice and job safety; it can be suggested that it should be updated. Öz Tarım tüm dünyada hizmet sektöründen sonra ikinci büyük istihdam kaynağını oluşturmakta ve aynı zamanda hastalık ve erken ölüm açısından en tehlikeli sektörler arasında yer almaktadır. Tarımla uğraşan ailelerin büyük çoğunluğu aynı zamanda küçük ve büyük baş hayvancılık yapmakta ya da hayvanlara temasın yüksek olduğu yerlerde yaşamaktadırlar. İş sağlığı ve güvenliği hizmetlerinin kendi nam ve hesabına çalışanları kapsamaması ve kırsal alanlara uygun sağlık hizmeti sunumu sağlanmasındaki güçlükler nedeniyle de çeşitli sorunlar yaşamaktadırlar. Hayvan sağlığı, halk sağlığı ve çevrenin korunmasında önemli bir rol oynayan veteriner hekimler, tarım sektöründe de hayvan yetiştiriciliği alanında iş sağlığı ve güvenliği uygulamalarında önemli hizmetler yürütmektedirler. Çalışmanın materyalini iş sağlığı ve güvenliği ile ilgili Ulusal ve Uluslararası mevzuat oluşturdu ve ilgili mevzuat ile ILO'nun tarım sektörüne ilişkin sözleşmeleri hayvan yetiştiriciliği ve veteriner hekimliği uygulamaları açısından değerlendirildi. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye'de tarımda iş sağlığı ve güvenliği ile ilgili mevzuatın, hem iş güvenliği uzmanlığı hem de iş güvenliği açısından veteriner hekimleri kapsamadığı tespit edilmiş olup güncellenmesi gerektiği iddia edilebilir.
Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2019
Amaç: Türkiye'de Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı'nda görev yapan veteriner hekimlerin çalışma hayatlarında, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından karşılaştıkları ve/veya karşılaşabilecekleri risklerin ortaya konulması ve konuya ilişkin bir soru formu geliştirilmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmanın popülasyonunu Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı kurumlarında görev yapan veteriner hekimler oluşturdu. Araştırmanın popülasyonunu temsil edecek örneklemin alınacağı iller, Türkiye'nin coğrafi bölgeleri esas alınarak, Bakanlığa bağlı kurumların varlığı ve örneklemi kapsayan katılımcı grupların buluna-bilme potansiyeli dikkate alınarak belirlendi. Toplam 630 resmi veteriner hekime anket uygulaması yapıldı. Elde edilen verilerin SPSS 25 istatistik programı ile analiz yapıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmada katılımcıların iş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından en çok karşılaşabileceklerini düşündüğü durumlar; kaza riski, bulaşıcı hastalık ve deri hastalıkları tehlikesi olarak belirlenirken, en az karşılaşılma ihtimali olan durumlar ise; ağır yük, bitkin düşme, ekipmanlara veya ürünlere zarar verme ve fiziksel şiddete maruz kalma olarak belirlendi. Öneri: Halk sağlığı ve hayvan sağlığı için, nitelikli veteriner hekimliği hizmeti sunmanın önemli bir koşulu, sağlıklı veteriner hekimler olup, bunun iş sağlığı ve güvenliği unsurlarının yeterli düzeyde olduğu çalışma ortamı ile sağlanabileceği söylenebilir. Bu ortamı sağlamanın, Bakanlığın öncelikli ve önemli görevlerinden biri olduğu ve bu doğrultuda çalışanlarının iş sağlığı ve güvenliğini planlayarak her türlü tedbiri alması gerektiği ileri sürülebilir. Anahtar kelimeler: Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, kamu, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği, veteriner hekim. Aim: The study aims to reveal the risks that veterinarians who work in the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in Turkey faced and/or may face in terms of occupational health safety and to develop a questionnaire regarding the issue. Materials and Methods: The population of the study was made up of veterinarians serving in the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The provinces from which the representative samples will be taken were determined by taking into consideration the presence of Ministry affiliated institutions and the potential of participating groups that are included in the sample to be present, based on Turkey's geographical regions. A total of 630 official veterinarians participated in the survey. The obtained data were analysed using SPSS 25 Statistical Program. Results: The study determined the situations that the participants may face the most in terms of occupational health safety as accident risk, contagious disease and skin diseases while the situations to be faced the least were heavy load, frazzle, damaging the equipment or products and being exposed to physical violence. Conclusion: An important condition of providing quality veterinarian service for public and animal health is healthy veterinarians and this may possibly be provided with a working environment where the elements of occupational health and safety are adequate. It may be asserted that the provision of this environment is one of the preliminary and important duties of the Ministry and to this end, emp-loyees' occupational health safety must be planned and all types of measures must be taken.
The occupational health and safety evaluation of official veterinarians in Turkey
Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2019
Öz Amaç: Türkiye'de Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı'nda görev yapan veteriner hekimlerin çalışma hayatlarında, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından karşılaştıkları ve/veya karşılaşabilecekleri risklerin ortaya konulması ve konuya ilişkin bir soru formu geliştirilmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmanın popülasyonunu Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı kurumlarında görev yapan veteriner hekimler oluşturdu. Araştırmanın popülasyonunu temsil edecek örneklemin alınacağı iller, Türkiye'nin coğrafi bölgeleri esas alınarak, Bakanlığa bağlı kurumların varlığı ve örneklemi kapsayan katılımcı grupların bulunabilme potansiyeli dikkate alınarak belirlendi. Toplam 630 resmi veteriner hekime anket uygulaması yapıldı. Elde edilen verilerin SPSS 25 istatistik programı ile analiz yapıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmada katılımcıların iş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından en çok karşılaşabileceklerini düşündüğü durumlar; kaza riski, bulaşıcı hastalık ve deri hastalıkları tehlikesi olarak belirlenirken, en az karşılaşılma ihtimali olan durumlar ise; ağır yük, bitkin düşme, ekipmanlara veya ürünlere zarar verme ve fiziksel şiddete maruz kalma olarak belirlendi. Öneri: Halk sağlığı ve hayvan sağlığı için, nitelikli veteriner hekimliği hizmeti sunmanın önemli bir koşulu, sağlıklı veteriner hekimler olup, bunun iş sağlığı ve güvenliği unsurlarının yeterli düzeyde olduğu çalışma ortamı ile sağlanabileceği söylenebilir. Bu ortamı sağlamanın, Bakanlığın öncelikli ve önemli görevlerinden biri olduğu ve bu doğrultuda çalışanlarının iş sağlığı ve güvenliğini planlayarak her türlü tedbiri alması gerektiği ileri sürülebilir.
Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, 2020
The sector of agriculture is marked by a wide range of activities involving high risks, and this fact is relevant to all parties who are related to this sector in some way. Most agricultural activities that take place outdoors are susceptible to natural disasters at any time. This is a permanent threat to safety and health of people working in agriculture. The Turkish Law No. 6331 on Work Health and Safety covers all sectors where enterprises employ one or more persons. Still, there are significant difficulties in applying the law to the sector of agriculture. The main reason is the high incidence of informal employment including women and children. In 2019, for example, 86.6% of total labor force in agriculture was in informal status. While the rate is 79.1 for males, it is much higher 96.3 for females. These are figures much above the case in other sectors. It also means that people working in agriculture are excluded from social security schemes and without protection in terms of work safety and health. The present article presents and discusses the findings of a field study on the level of perception related to work health and safety of farmers (51 farmers) engaged in crop farming in Beypazarı , a district of Ankara Province. It also deals with how the "Work Health and Safety Law" is translated into practice, examines the socioeconomic status of farmers on the basis of questionnaires administered and investigates the farmers' perception safety and health along with the activities they consider risky.
Occupational Health and Safety in Turkey: Problems And Solutions*
Since the 1980's, the rate of foreign investments by multinational companies have been increasing very fast, the structure and percentage of sectors have been changing dramatically causing more occupational health and safety problems than ever before in Turkey. Industrialized nations transfer their old and more risky factory equipments, materials and more risky jobs such as mining to new industrializing countries; thus, industrializing countries such as Turkey have been facing serious occupational health and safety problems. The purpose of this study is to analyze occupational health and safety problems in Turkey by using current statistics and give suggestions to minimize the severe effects of occupational accidents.
Occupational Health Hazards of Livestock Workers in Pakistan
Pakistan Journal of Public Health, 2018
One third of the world's population is engaged in agriculture sector that makes it the second largest source of employment worldwide including the female population. In developing countries, the agriculture holds 44% of employment share. While agriculture sector in South Asia employs 40% of the people. Livestock workers have to be in close contact with animals and different types of the machinery resulting in high risks of accidents and occupational hazards/ diseases. Environmental factors are also not optimal. Ergonomic difficulties are common i.e. bad working postures, repetitive movements and forceful exertions. A National Occupational Safety and Health Council could be established to protect the health of working folk by legislation and its implementation throughout the country.
Occupational Health and Safety When Handling Farm Animals
Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica
In 2021, 12,088 accidents involving animals were reported to the Regional Branches and Local Units of KRUS in Poland: 10.2% more than in 2020. The most common causes of such accidents are poor housing conditions and a lack of knowledge about how to handle them, the latter of which is exacerbated by high employee turnover and a lack of adequate training. Employee training should cover animal welfare assessment, dealing with animals, the use of personal and collective protective equipment, as well as first aid and biological hazard assessment. To maintain a good standard of occupational safety on a farm, the conditions for rearing and breeding animals, and the rules of their operation, should be reviewed on an ongoing basis. Bulls, stallions, boars, rams and goats prone to kicking and biting are considered dangerous animals and special precautions should be taken when handling them. Only a good knowledge of basic animal behaviour, together with improved animal welfare, proper handling...
Occupational Health and Safety in Agricultural Production
Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 2022
Agricultural production is one of the leading sectors in the world and in our country in terms of employment rates. Agricultural production activities, the importance of which is increasing day by day due to the increasing world population, is an important strategic element for every country. The economy of many countries, including our country, still depends on the products they obtain because of agricultural production. Appropriate agricultural policies should be implemented to increase the productivity in agricultural production, to protect the employed workforce and to ensure its continuity. In addition to establishing appropriate agricultural policies, employed workers should also be protected by laws, regulations and directives. It is a fact that most of the people employed in agricultural production in our country must work under dangerous and harsh conditions without being under legal protection, without union formation and union rights, as in other sectors. Protecting the h...
Analysis of occupational health and safety data between 2003 -2015 in Turkey
The aim of this study was to analyse the officially recorded data of Turkey on occupational accidents by covering various kinds of data between the years 2003 -2015. By this study a view is aimed to be taken over Turkey's behaviour on occupational health and safety. Methodology -In this study, the statistical yearbook of the Social Security Institution (SSI) of the Republic of Turkey has been used as a data source. These data are arranged yearly and the trend is evaluated. Findings-The number of occupational accidents had fluctuations as increases and decreases between the years 2003-2012. After the year 2012, the number of occupational and fatal accidents had increased more than twice. The occupational accidents have occurred at the highest rates in the most populated and industrialized two cities in Turkey. Economic activities having the highest percentage of occupational accidents has been determined and interpretated. Conclusion-Occupational accidents can be reduced by taking effective and preventive measures. There are some tasks that should be fulfilled in order to create a secure work place by employers and employees. Employers should apply occupational health and safety legislation and take preventative measures and train the employers regularly against work related accidents. Furthermore, employees should be conscious and careful about the accidents and fulfill their obligations regarding to work safety while working. Public institutions should work more on creating a secure work place and creating a culture of work safety.